1、1阅读技能训练一般说来，快速阅读的理解率为 70，如果理解率在 80-100之间，那么你应该继续提高读速，使理解降至 70；如果理解的正确率只有 50，那么就应该在保持原有速度的前提下，设法使理解正确率达到 70。虽然这个理解率不算高，但你的速度却超过了常人。如果在考试中稍稍降低一下速度，你的理解就会轻松地达到 90100的正确。对于初次练习快速阅读者，加快速度阅读很可能会导致理解率的降低，这是一个非常普遍的现象，初学者一般都会经历这个阶段，所以没有必要担心。出现这种情况时，不要急急忙忙去迁就理解而放弃已达到的高速，而应保持你已经达到的阅读速度，同时逐渐把注意力转向对文章内容的理解上。只要这样
2、反复多练，速度和理解一定会有很大提高。下面的技能可以帮助你尽快提高阅读速度：一、避免出声阅读和哑声阅读出声阅读和哑声阅读对于快速阅读来说是一个致命的弱点。它把阅读速度降低为讲话的速度。正常的语速约每分钟 150 个单词，而正常的读速几乎等于语速的两倍。出声阅读有时表现为只动嘴唇而不发音，有时表现为舌头和喉管运动。如果我们在阅读时把手指放在声带部位，不管我们是否发出声，都会感到声带的震动。这种发声现象称为“哑声阅读” 。哑声阅读还有一种很难克服的表现，即在阅读时虽然没有任何身体的运动，但在意识中，读者是一个词一个词地发出声来，而且自己仿佛还听得到。实际上，获得文字所表达的意义并不一定要经过发音这
3、个环节。快速阅读的做法是，直接从字形的认知中获取意义。那么怎样克服阅读中的出声和哑声阅读现象呢?这里提出建议两点：第一，阅读时在主观上应以弄清楚作者的思想为阅读目的，要不断地思考阅读材料：“这是什么意思?” “我不同意他的观点!” “这一点和另一点有什么联系？”读者应该积极地与作者交流，而不是简单地重复作者说过的话。第二，应该极力快读，使阅读的速度超过出声阅读的速度，尽量不给后者留下任何时间。下面 5 个句子每个只出现 5 秒钟，你需要在 5 秒钟内读完并回答后面的问题。2(1)We communicate through symbols, both audible and visible,
4、that stand for something we have experienced. (15 words)1: What are the two kinds of symbols we communicate through?2: What do the symbols stand for?(2)The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken. (15 words)3: What are the two things that the sentence ta
5、lks about?4: Whats the difference between them?(3)The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg(17 words)5: Which part of the body does the sentence talk about?6: Where is it on a body?(4)The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its
6、 climate and soil. (18 words)7: What does the sentence talk about?8: On what do the foods eaten in any country depend largely?(5)In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center. (18 words)9: What is Elizabeth in this sentence?10: Where is she l
7、ocated?练习六将出现 15 秒，快速阅读并回答后面的问题。The silicon chips are, of course, microprocessors, minute but highly sophisticated electronic circuits suited to an almost infinite variety of applications, from the humble pocket calculator to the control of entire automated factories and warehouses. (35 words)311. W
8、hat does the passage talk about?A. silicon chipsB. silver chipsC. electronic devicesD. none of the above.12. What is not referred to in the passage?A. the humble pocket calculatorB. the control of entire automated factories and warehousesC. the microprocessorsD. the silicon valley二、避免返读现象返读现象是指在阅读过程
9、中重新阅读刚刚读过的单词或句子来进一步确定读过的内容。返读是阅读能力低的一种表现。一般来说，任何读者都会有返读现象，但有时返读是因为读者遇到了生词或较难理解的句子，他希望通过返读来研究生词和难句，并加深记忆，这种情况自然无可非议：但低劣的读者把返读变成一种习惯，返读的次数远远超过了正常的阅读需要。如果在阅读中经常有返读现象，就会限制阅读速度，干扰注意力，并且影响对文章的理解。因此要想达到快速阅读，必须尽可能地减少返读的次数。那么如何避免返渎现象呢?首先选取生词较少、内容浅易的材料，进行大量的简单、轻松的阅读练习；其次在阅读时注意提醒自己不要往回看，把注意力集中在思考文章内容上面。久而久之，返读
10、的次数必然会减少。下面的练习是专为克服返读现象而设计的，快速阅读这些文章，提醒自己直往前看，同时思考文章内容。练习一只出现 25 秒，快速读完并回答后面的问题。One morning my teen-age daughters encountered a stray dog in our neighborhood park. When they left, he followed. Concerned for his safety, they noted the owners address on his license tag and took him to his home. Nobody
11、 answered the door, so they rang a neighbors bell and asked when the dogs owners would return. “Im not sure, but probably soon the neighbor replied. “They just went to the park.“ 4(71 words)1. Where did the girls find the dog?2. Where did they take the dog?3. Where did the dogs owners go?练习二只出现 30 秒
12、，快速读完并回答后面的问题Not long ago my actor brother had a small part as a mailman in a movie being filmed on a New York City street. Since the area had not been roped off, passers-by were free to roam through until the cameras started rolling. While my brother was waiting, a woman walked by and stopped to as
13、k him directions to a certain street. He told her that he was not familiar with the area. As she walked away, he could hear her mutter, “No wonder we never get our mail.“(89 words)4. What is the authors brother?A. A mailmanB. A passer-byC. A film makerD. An actor5. Why did the woman say, “No wonder
14、we never get our mail“?A. Because the mailman was not familiar with the area.B. Because the mailman didnt tell her the way.C. Because she thought the authors brother was a real mailman.D. None of the above.从上面的两篇练习你可以看出这是发生在生活中的一些小幽默。它们的语言简单易懂。而且饶有趣味，在你读它们的时候，是否还需要不时地回头看呢？接着读下面一篇感人的短文，用最短的时间结束阅读，相信你
15、一定会急于看到结尾而顾不上总是往回看了。练习三只出现 5 分钟，快速读完并回答后面的问题：My Forever ValentineThe traditional holidays in our house when I was a child were spent 5timing elaborate meals around football games. My father tried to make pleasant chitchat and eat as much as he could during halftime. At Christmas he found time to hav
16、e a cup or two of holiday cheer and don his holly-shaped bow tie. But he didnt truly shine until Valentines Day.I dont know whether it was because work at the office slowed during February or because the football season was over. But Valentines Day was the time my father chose to show his love for t
17、he special people in his life. Over the years I fondly thought of him as my “Valentine Man.“My first recollection of the magic he could bring to Valentines Day came when I was six. For several days I had been cutting out valentines for my classmates. Each of us was to decorate a “mailbox“ and put it
18、 on our desk for others to give us cards. That box and its contents ushered in a succession of bittersweet memories of my entrance into a world of popularity contests marked by the number of cards received, the teasing about boyfriends/girlfriends and the tender care I gave to the card from the cute
19、st boy in class.That morning at the breakfast table I found a card and a gift-wrapped package at my chair. The card was signed “Love, Dad,“ and the gift was a ring with a small piece of red glass to represent my birthstone, a ruby. There is little difference between red glass and rubies to a child o
20、f six, and I remember wearing that ring with a pride that all the cards in the world could not surpass.As I grew older, the gifts gave way to heart-shaped boxes filled with my favorite chocolates and always included a special card signed “Love, Dad.“ In those years my thank-yous became more of a per
21、functory response. The cards seemed less important, and I took for granted the valentine that would always be there. Long past the days of having a “mailbox“ on my desk, I had placed my hopes and dreams in 6receiving cards and gifts from “ significant others “, and “Love, Dad“ just didnt seem quite
22、enough.If my father knew then that he had been replaced, he never let it show. If he sensed any disappointment over valentines that didnt arrive for me, he just tried that much harder to create a positive atmosphere, giving me an extra hug and doing what he could to make my day a little brighter.My
23、mailbox eventually had a rural address, and the job of and-delivering candy and cards was relegated to the U.S. Postal Service. Never in ten years was my fathers package latenor was it on the Valentines Day eight years ago when I reached into the mailbox to find a card addressed to me in my mothers
24、handwriting.It was the kind of card that comes in an inexpensive assortment box sold by a child going door-to-door to try to earn money for a school project. It was the kind of card you used to get from a grandmother or an aging aunt or, in this case, a dying father. It was the kind of card that put
25、 a lump in your throat and tears in your eyes because you knew the person no longer was able to go out and buy a real valentine. It was a card that signaled this would be the last you would receive from him.The card had a photograph of tulips on the outside, and on the inside my mother had printed “
26、Happy Valentines Day.“ Beneath it, scrawled in barely legible handwriting, was “Love, Dad.“His final card remains on my bulletin board today. Its a reminder of how special fathers can be and how important it has been to me over the years to know that I had a father who continued a tradition of love
27、with a generosity of spirit, simple acts of understanding and an ability to express happiness over the people in his life.Those things never die, nor does the memory of a man who never 7stopped being my valentine. (700 words)6. Why were the children to decorate a “mailbox“ and put it on their desks
28、on Valentines Day?A. To receive letters from their teacher.B. To receive cards from their classmates.C. To receive cards from their boyfriends.D. To receive letters from their girlfriends.7. What did the authors father do every year on Valentines Day to show his love for his child?A. He took her to
29、travel abroad every year.B. He only gave her a special card signed with “Love, Dad“ every year.C. He gave her various gifts with a card signed with “Love, Dad“ every year.D. He did nothing.8. Why did the author know her father was dying at the sight of the cardhe had sent her?A. Because the card was
30、 the kind that one buys from the child going door-to-door selling cards, which means her father was too ill to go out and buy a card for her.B. Because the card was not so good looking, which signaled that her father was not so good also.C. Because the card was not signed with “Love, Dad“ as usual.D
31、. Because the card was delivered late.9. What does the passage want to tell us mainly?A. Its good to give and receive cards on Valentines Day.B. The relationship between father and daughter became not so good as before when the author has grown up.C. Fathers always love their children and children s
32、hould cherish 8the fatherly love.D. None of the above.三、训练眼睛运动在阅读过程中，眼睛的运动是跳跃式前进的，而不是像一般认为的那样扫过或略过字行。眼睛从一点移到另一点的时候，我们看不到任何东西。只有当眼睛固定或停顿时我们才能阅读。据统计，普通大学生的眼睛每秒钟停顿四次。阅读水平较高者，每秒钟可达五次。对于普通读者而言，每一次停顿，其视幅(eye span)一般为 1.1 个单词，即每一次停顿可认出 l.1 个单词；优秀的读者，每次停顿的视幅约为 2.7 个单词。因此，理论上说普通读者的阅渎速度可达到每分钟 264 个单词，而优秀的读者可达
33、到每分钟 810 个单词(此标准是对操本族语的读者而言的)。但在实际的阅读中，由于各种因素如语言水平、文章难度、理解能力、词汇量等的影响，一般读者达不到理论上的水平。但普通读者的阅读速度是一定能够通过自己的努力和有意识的训练而提高的。这里关于眼睛运动提高阅读速度方面有三点建议：一，扩大视幅。在目光盯住一个单词时，要注意用眼睛的余光延及中心词两边的单词：二，缩短停顿的时间，增多停顿的次数。三，当眼睛到达一行的末尾时，快速移到下一行的开始部分，这样也可以节约时间提高速度。下面的文章用来帮助你提高眼睛移动的速度，如果你能在规定的时间内读完并回答后面的问题，那么说明你的阅读速度正在迅速提高。练习一将出
34、现 15 秒，它是根据短语划分的段落，刚来训练快速移动你的眼睛。试着在眼睛停止一次时看完一个短语。眼睛快速地从上往下逐行移动，每行只停顿一次。阅读后回答后面的问题。 (1)There is opportunity tono better way try outto test the fishing boatfishing boats under the mostthan under adverse weatheractual fishing conditions and9conditions the most rapidActual conditions and unexpectedprovi
35、de the passenger movements(39 words)1: Question: According to the short passage, which is the best way to test fishing boats?练习二将出现 20 秒，要求同练习一(2)The purpose of life insurancelife insurance by simplyis to prevent asking yourselffinancial difficulty if your deathfor someone else would put someonein t
36、he event else in a toughof your death financial positionWith that in mind, If the answeryou can determine is yes,if you need you need insurance.(55 words)2: Question: According to the short passage, how to determine whether you need life insurance or not?练习三将出现 25 秒，要求同练习一(3)Anytime ask youryoure to
37、ld primary care physicianthat you for a recommendation,need surgery or calland its the nearestnot an emergency, teaching hospitalits a good idea or an accredited10to get a second hospital foropinion from a recommendation.a qualified specialist You canin the appropriate also consultfield, the Directo
38、ryTo find of Medical Specialists.this specialist(61 words)3: What does the short passage suggest you to do when youre told that you need surgery and its not an emergency?A. To ask a friend of yours for a second opinion.B. To ask a doctor of any kind for a second opinion.,C. To ask a qualified specia
39、list in the appropriate field for a second field.D. To ask a teacher for a second field.4: Where cant you find a specialist, according to the above passage?A. the nearest teaching hospitalB. the Directory of Medical SpecialistsC. the medical schoolD. an accredited hospital练习四将出现 30 秒，要求同练习一(4)Actual
40、ly, mild fever,the common cold nasal congestion,is not and coughing.as simple Thusas it seems, the thinking behindIt can “combination“ products:be caused theyby any of supposedly contain11200 different viruses, little somethingand it can for thebring misery different symptoms.eight ways: One pillsor
41、e throat, or capsule,sneezing, the advertisers say+runny nose, handles thewatery eyes, whole malady.aches and pains A little likeone-stop shopping.(75 words)5: How many viruses can the common cold be caused?A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 4006: Does the author agree with the advertisers that “one pill or ca
42、psulehandles the whole malady“?练习五只出现 3 分钟，快速读完并回答后面的问题(5)Sometime when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, yo
43、u should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the
44、 label may be very dangerous in large doses. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who swallow too many for their young 12bodies to handle. In adults, excessive use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidn
45、ey damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can cause an upset in the bodys secretion of enzymes, perhaps causing serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantifies, except on your doctors adv
46、ice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctors care.Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effe
47、ct of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk hemorrhage if he uses aspirin whenever he gets a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certai
48、n drugs can safely be taken together.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug. Sleeping pills and antihistamines are two types of drugs that combine with alcohol to produce drowsiness. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with t
49、he medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly. (409 words)7: The author advises parentsA. To avoid taking drugs in front of children.13B. To teach their children about drugs.C. To throw away old medicines.D. To use drugs without
