1、1高二英语语法省略一，在由 and 连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman.2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me hap
2、py, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989.5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train.二，状语从句的省略。1. 在 when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless,
3、 as if, though, as, whether 等引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有 be, 而主语有跟主句主语相同或是 it 时，则从句的主语和 be 常被省略。As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. His opimion, whether (it is) right or wrong , would be considered.2. 在 as, than, however, whatever, no matter what 等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out
4、our shortcomings.I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).3. 虚拟条件句常省略 if, 将 were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。Should there be a flood =(If there should be a flood), what should we do?4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。John will go there if my brother will (go).I would have come yesterday (
5、if I had wanted to ).三，定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词 whom, which, that 可省略；在以 the sameas 和 such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。The girl (whowhomthat) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.I dont like such books as this (is).2. 定语从句中的“主语+系动词 be”可以省略。The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arriv
6、ed yet.3. 在 know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide 等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词 that 可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个 that 可省略，其余的则不能。I think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon.He said(that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.4. 由 which, when, where, how 和 why 引导的宾语从
7、句，可全部或部分省略。He will come back, but he doest know when ( he will come back).5. 在与 suggest, request, order, advise 等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”2，should 可省略。The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.It is suggested that we (should) go to see the flim.四，复合句中特殊的省略现象。1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部
8、省略。(It is a) Pity that I didnt go to marys birthday party yesterday.2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用 so 或 not 代替。1) -She may not be free today.-If so (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager.2) -Is he feeling better today?-Im afraid not(not=he isnt feeling better today).五，动词不定式省略，只保留 to 的场合
9、。1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如 like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige（强迫）,advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage 等。You can do it this way if you care to.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I mean to , but when I was leaving I couldt find he
10、r anywhere.2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有 ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit 等。She wants to come but her parents wont allow to.3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如 happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。I think she should get a job, but you cant force her to if shes not ready to-Ill b
11、e away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. Id be happy to.4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如 be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to 等。He doesnt like fish but he used to.注意,当省略的内容是作动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形式时 ,to 后面保留原形 have 或 be. He didnt come, but he ought to have.Alice i
12、s not what she used to be.六，动词不定式符号 to 的省略。1. 主语部分有 to do, 系动词是 is 或 was 时，作表语的不定式通常省略 to.The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.2. 作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语时，前面有实义动词 do 时，常省略不定式符号 to.Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning.3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略
13、。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4. 在 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, leave, observe 等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号 to；Why (not)do 结构中不定式不带 to.Did you notice her enter the room?why not join us?3七，介词的省略。1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常见的句型有 spend/waste ti
14、me(in)doing, lose no time(in)doing, have difficult/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.She lost no time(in) giving the patient first aid.2. 表示时间的介词 at, on 和 in 用在 next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorr
15、ow, one, any, every, each, some, all 等词之前，一般皆省略，表示一段时间状语之前的 for 也可省略。We go to school every day except Sunday.We have been here (for) three weeks.(否定句中不能省略 for).3. 表示行为方式的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中，经常被省略。He did it (in) this way.八，会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。 -Do you like this shirt?-Yes, (I like it) very much.(Come) This way,please.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-Losing her bicycle(made her so upset).
