1、英语语法省略与高考英语中为了避免重复，往往省去一个词语或更多成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 省略的情况复杂、多样，综合近年来的高考题，常在以下几个方面对省略进行考查。一、 考查状语从句中的省略例 1. When first _to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 高考)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced2._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not s
2、eem big at all. (2004 湖北)A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3.The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it. (2002 年全国)A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun Key：1.B 2.D 3.D简析 状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有 be 动词，从句的主语连同 be 可一起省略，该类状语从句多为
3、时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为 when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。例 Look out for cars when （you are） crossing the street.另外，在 when /if it is necessary , possible 结构中， it is 通常省略。例 Drop in on me if (it is ) possible.二、 考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的省略例.1.Thats an unpleasant thing to say a
4、bout your father after _ hes done for you. (2004 高考)A. something B. anything C. all D. that 2. Playing tricks on others is _we should never do. (2004 湖南)A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (2004 湖北)A. the way B. in the way tha
5、t C. in the way D. the way whichKey: 1.C 2.B 3.A简析 关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略； 关系副词 that 在先行词 reason/ way 后的省略。例 This is the reason why / for which / that/省略 he was late. (that 为关系副词，可省略)三、不定式符号 to 的省略例:1.A computer does only what thinking people _. (1999 上海)A. have it do B. have it done C. have
6、done it D. having it done 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. (1993 上海)A. to take B. taking C. take D. takenKey: 1.A 2.A 简析: 不定式在感官动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略 to 。 例 I watched him d
7、isappear in the distance.不定式符号 to 在介词 but ,except, besides 后的省略。介词 but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词 do ,不定式要省去 to。例 We did nothing but/except wait then.不定式符号 to 作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词 do, 作表语的不定式 to 可省略。例 What I want to do now is find some books to read.四、考查不定式后动词的省略例: 1.- Would you like to go to
8、 the Great Theatre with me tonight.- _. (1999 上海高考 )A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight.B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. (1998 上海高考)A. / B. to C. so D. that
9、3.- Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car?- Not at all. _. (1995NMET)A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy toKey: 1.B 2.B 3.D简析 动词 love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及 be glad (pleased, delight
10、ed, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留 to 不定式符号。例- How about going for a walk ?- Id like to ( go for a walk ) .句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的 be 或 have。
11、例 -Are you a sailor ?- No, but I used to be (a sailor ). 五、对替代词 so 及 not 的考查1. - You havent lost the ticket, have you ?- _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004 江苏高考)A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so 2. - The boys are not doing a good job at all, a
12、re they ?- _. (2003 北京春)A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not 3.- I believe weve met somewhere before . - No, _. (2000 北京春)A. it isnt the same B. it cant be true C. I dont think so D. Id rather notKey: 1.A 2.D 3.C简析 替代词 so / not 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词 believe ,
13、do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及 Im afraid 连用。肯定时上列动词都可与 so 搭配，否定时 hope 与 guess 只用 I hope not 和 I guess not 形式，而 think ,believe , suppose 等词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或 I dont think so.例 - Is he going to study abroad?- I believe so. ( so = he is going to study abroad ) 六、 考查
14、虚拟语气中 if 及 should 的省略1._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994 上海 )A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 2.What would have happened _ as far as the river bank ? (2001 上海高考)A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if
15、Bob walked farther3.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. ( 1994 上海高考 )A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has4._be sent to work there ? (2002 上海高考)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you s
16、uggest who should D. Do you suggestKey: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A简析 在书面语中, 当条件从句有 were, had, should 时省略 if , 把它们提至句首, 形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用 should + V ，should 可以省略。例 He suggested that she (should ) go at once.注 suggest 表示“暗示” 时用陈述语气 七、 会话中的省略例: 1.- Guess what ! I came across an old friend at the party
17、last night.- _. Im sure you had a wonderful time. (2004 辽宁 )A. Sounds good! B. Very well C. How nice ! D. All right ! 2.- Lets go and have a good drink tonight.- _ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004 重庆)A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot . C. Yes, Id like to D. Why not ? 3. -Brad was J
18、anes brother!- _ he reminded me so much of Jane ! (2004 浙江)A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course4. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ it youve got some big bills coming. (2004 广东高考)A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forgetKey: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A简析 省
19、略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整, 做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：1.It is (that) 强调句式中 that 部分省略。 2.(It is) No wonder ( 难怪)3.(Is there) Anything else ?4.(Youd) Better do5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth 等词组中介词在口语中常省略例: 1.- Where did you see him last night?- It wa
20、s in the hotel _ he stayed.A. where B. that C. which D. /2. You cant imagine the great difficulty I had _ your house.A. finding B. found C. to find D. findkey 1.A 2.A简析 第 1 题可以补全强调句式 that 部分： It was in the hotel where he stayed that I saw him last night. hotel 后为定语从句。第 2 题是对 have difficulty in doing
21、 sth 词组置于定语从句的考查，介词 in 的省略加大了该题的难度。高考链接1. - Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?- _. I love getting close to nature. (2004 福建)A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid notC. I believe not D. I dont think so2. - Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ?- _? (2004 全国 I 卷)A. What for B. What is itC. Ho
22、w is it D. How come3. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004 天津高考)A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything4. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003 年上海春季高考)A. invited B. invitingC. being invited D. having invited5. The man we followed
23、 suddenly stopped and looked as if_ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003 年北京春季） A. seeing B. having seenC. to have seen D. to see6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (2002 年上海高考)A. lacked B. lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in7. When _, the museum will be ope
24、n to the public next year. (2002 年 上海春季高考)A. completed B. completingC. being completed D. to be completed8. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. ( 1998 上海高考)A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think is9. If _ the same treatment again,
25、he is sure to get well. (1998 年上海高考)A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 10. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday ?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997NMET）A. had B. wouldC. was going to D. did Key: 1-5. AABAA 6-10. CAACC综上所述，高考对省略的考查主要对状语从句中的省略、不定式的省略、否定问句的省略回答、虚拟条件句中 if 的省略及比较级的省略的考查。只有掌握了常见的省略现象及其考查形式，才能以不变应万变，在高考中立于不败之地。
