1、动词与动词短语,一、及物动词与不及物动词 常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain, forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。,知识梳理,常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有： 1. 直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell, lend等。 2. 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy,
2、choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save, spare等。,3. 既可加to，也可加for的动词：do, get, play, sing等。常见的不及物动词主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die, disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise, lie, happen等。,二、延续性动词与终止性动词
3、 延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for +一段时间，since +时间点，since +一段时间+ ago，since +从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有：have, possess, keep, know, learn, live, read, sleep, wait, work, look, hear, smell等。,终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until / till连用，构成“not +终止性动词+ until / till .”的句型，意为“直到才”。如： I will not go to bed until I
4、 finish drawing the picture tonight.,三、常见的短语动词有以下五种： 1. 动词+介词“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。在被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agree with, burst into, call on, consist of, deal with, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hear from, insist on, look / stare / glare at, prepare for, resu
5、lt in, set about等。,2. 动词+副词 1）及物动词+副词。这类短语动词常用的有：cut off, take down, put out, take over, turn down, turn over, throw away, figure out等。 2）不及物动词+副词。后面不跟宾语，没有被动语态。这类短语动词常用的有：die away, give in, go ahead, hold on, run away, stand out等。,3. 动词+名词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of, compare notes with, declare w
6、ar on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, make fun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of, take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。,4. 动词+副词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with, come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。 5. be +形容词+介词。这类短语动词常用
7、的有：be accustomed / used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famous for, be fit / suitable for等。,动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括： 1. 动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。,考点归纳,1. The watch was very good,
8、and he _ 20 percent down for it. (2013新课标全国卷II)A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent 2. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan. (江苏2014)A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall,A,D,2. 动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动
9、词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get, turn, make, put, go, give, break, cut, come, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pull, catch, call, take等。,除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如： polish抛光， 磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申); sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说(引申); break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)； look into向里面看(本意)调查，
10、 研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意； work out基本意思为“解决， 算出， 制订出”，还有“锻炼”的意思。,Ralph W. Emerson would always _ new ideas that occurred to him. (陕西2014) A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down,D,3. 考查无关联的动词辨析做这类试题时，考生应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overal
11、l quality. (福建2014)A. supported B. matchedC. evaluated D. controlled,C,4. 考查动词搭配这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education. (天津2014)A. have B. attachC. accept D. pay,B,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Top graduates from universities are _ by major companie
12、s. (江苏2014)A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated,真题自测,A,2. Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see. Ill go right away and _. (江苏2014)A. pay him back B. pay him offC. put him away D. put him off 3. The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade
13、 between them. (天津2014)A. make up B. use upC. turn down D. break down,B,D,4. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can _ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. (福建2014)A. catch sight of B. get hold ofC. take charge of D. make mention of,B,5. Last week a tennis b
14、all hit me on the head, but I tried to _ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. (浙江2014)A. share B. realizeC. ignore D. cause,C,6. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _ when the unexpected will happen. (浙江2014)A. prove B. implyC. demand D. predict 7. How co
15、uld you _ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? (浙江2014)A. turn off B. turn inC. turn down D. turn to,D,C,8. Terry, please _ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. (安徽2014)A. look up from B. look intoC. look back on D. look through 9. Shakespeares writing is still
16、popular today. It has really _ the test of time. (安徽2014)A. failed B. stoodC. taken D. conducted,A,B,10. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. (湖北2014)A. slipped B. skiedC. signalled D. sank,A,热点考向 1
17、动词词义辨析 1. 主要考点: 考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化, 把动词放在语境中进行考查。 2. 突破技巧: 这类试题的选项往往结构相同, 词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题, 必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手, 然后结合题意选用合适的动词。,热点预测,热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析 主要考点: 考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold, keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。需要特别关注:
18、,1. breakbreak away from 放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解break in 闯入, 插嘴break into 闯入break out (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up 打碎, 分手, 分开, 关系破裂,2. bringbring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in 引进; 带来; 赚得; 收获bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐,3. call
19、call for 要求; 需要; 去取或去接call back 回电话; 回忆起call in 召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up 打电话给; 召集; 使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜访,4. comecome about 发生come to 苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true 实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with 提出(建议、计划等)come on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油; (不耐烦)得了, 算了吧!,5. getget across
20、 解释清楚; 使被理解get away from 避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around 四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with 进展; 与相处get over 克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话,6. givegive away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out 分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽give up 放弃,7. gogo against 违背; 不利于;
21、 反对go ahead 开始(做某事); (表同意)go around 参观; (消息)传播go by 过去; 经过go down 下降; 下沉go on 继续; 发生; 进行go over 复习, 仔细检查go through 穿过; 经历; 仔细检查go with 与相配go without 没有也行,8. holdhold back 犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on=hang on 别挂断; 等一会儿; 坚持hold out 坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to 紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃,9. keepkeep away from 远离; 避开kee
22、p back 留下; 隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身于外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续; 不低落keep up with 跟上; keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on 照看; 密切注视,10. leaveleave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out 遗漏, 忽略,11. looklook around 环顾四周look away from 把目光从移开look into 调查; 窥视look back on/upon
23、回忆，回顾look up 查找, 查询; 向上看look up to 尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to 盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看look out (for) 当心, 留意, 小心look on 旁观,12. makemake use of 利用make up 组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致make sense 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make i
24、t 成功,13. putput aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away 收拾, 整理; 储存put back 把放回原处; 推迟put forward 提出; 拨快put down 记下, 写下, 镇压put out 伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up 建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with 忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演,14. setset aside 划出; 留出; 拨出set about doing sth. 着手做某事set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸set u
25、p 建立, 创立,15. turnturn away 走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out 结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over 翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against 反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于,16. taketake after 长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up 从事; 占据(时间、空间); 着手处理; 接着做,take in 吸收; 接受; 理解,
26、 欺骗 take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on 呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用 take over 接管, 接收 take advantage of 利用 take it easy 放松, 别紧张 take your time 慢慢来, 别着急 take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 take action 采取行动,热点考向 3 常见的系动词的用法 1. 表示变化类的系动词，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, make等。 2. 表示感觉类的系动词，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等
27、。 3. 表示状态类的系动词，如keep, remain, stand, stay, lie等。 4. 表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem, appear, look, 表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。,5. 此类系动词的特点：只适用于主动语态；只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。,热点考向 4 动词的一词多义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有： 1. act (v. & n. 行动)e.g. It will take several hours before the drug really acts. ( vi. 起作用) 2. addr
28、ess (n. 地址；vt. 写地址)e.g. President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7. (vt. 向做演说),3. appreciate (vt. 欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g. They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v. 意识到) 4. attend (vt. 参加，出席) e.g. With several patients to attend that night, the nu
29、rse felt very tired. (vt. 照料，照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and night to earn more money. (vt. 上学),5. count (n. & v. 计数，数)e.g. It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v. 重要，有价值) 6. escape (vi. 逃跑，逃脱)e.g. I saw a familiar
30、face in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt. 被忘掉)The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe. (vi. 泄漏，漏出),7. fail (vi. 失败)e.g. Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter. (vi. 不足，缺乏)With time passing by, his memory is failing. (vi. 衰退)Try as the family might, they failed to fin
31、d the lost child in the town. (vi. 未能) 8. introduce (vt. 介绍)e.g. When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe, they didnt accept them at all. (vt. 引入),9. make (vt. 制造)e.g. New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt. 制定)He is making his own trouble by doing this. (vt. 引起，
32、导致，造成)She will make a great teacher. (vt. 成为，使形成),10. observe (vt. 观察)e.g. Having lived abroad for many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt. 遵守)Every year, we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt. 庆祝) 11. work (v. & n. 工作)e.g. The medicine will
33、 soon work. (vi. 起作用)The machine works very well. (vi. 运转),选用括号内合适的动词填空。 1. Joan wanted to tell Tom that she couldnt accept such an expensive gift, but she didnt know how to _ (make / put) it. 2. The beautiful clouds maybe _ (promise / record) a fine day tomorrow.,巩固练习,put,promise,3. There are less
34、than 600 words in your composition, which is far from our requirement. So please _ (express / expand) it. 4. It is said that a plan is being made that will _ (cost / charge) users for downloading music from the Internet, but the price will be very low. 5. Dont worry, just _ (leave / pass) the parcel
35、 to me. Ill make sure it gets posted.,expand,charge,leave,选用合适的短语动词并用其正确形式填空。,1. Mary, as well as Jim, will be very busy at that time. Wed better _ another time for the activity. 2. The boss asked every employee to _ a plan for the further development of their company.,agree on,draw up,3. The latest model of the washing machine is very popular with women because it is lighter and _ less space as well. 4. I sorted out my mail, then _ to some serious work. 5. At the conference, the reporter _ a serious matter which was worth thinking about.,takes up,settled down,brought up,
