1、1/85,第七节,动词和动词短语,2/85,3/85,实义动词又称行为动词, 是具有实实在在意义能单独作谓语的动词。 实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词后需带宾语意义才完整, 如：buy, catch, invent, like, say等。 不及物动词后不需或不能接宾语, 如：live, agree, look, listen, come, rise等。,4/85,3,一、动词的类别,指出下列句子的动词分别属哪一类？ 1. He lives in the city of Changsha. 2. He enjoys singing very much. 3. This meetin
2、g seems very important for us. 4. Its getting colder and colder. I want to get a coat. 5. I have never watched such a wonderful match. 6. Yesterday we had a very important meeting. 7. Must I stay here till he comes back? 8. Would you like another cup of tea?,5/85,3,一、动词的类别,系动词有一定的词义, 但不完整, 必须和作表语的形容
3、词、名词、介词短语、副词及非谓语动词一起连用。如以上3、4小题。 系动词分为两类： 一类表示状态或存在, 如：be, remain, seem, appear, keep, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, stay, lie, stand, sit等。 另一类表示状态变化, 如：go, come, turn, get, become, fall等。,6/85,3,一、动词的类别,顾名思义助动词是用来帮助动词表现语法现象, 如：否定、疑问、时态、语态等。 如一般现在时的助动词是do, does; 一般过去时为did。,7/85,3,二、动词短语,8
4、/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向上(toward or into a higher position) lift / hold / put up 举起 pick up 捡起 grow up 长大 send up 使上升 rise up 升起 look up 抬起头 take up 拿起, 开始从事 build up 树立 set up 建立,1. up,9/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 完成, 结束(expressing completeness and finality) finish up 完成 drink up 喝干 eat up 吃光 burn up 烧光 use up 用光 f
5、ill up 装满 sum up 总结 dry up 枯竭, 干涸 swallow up 吞没 beat up 痛打 break up 结束, 分解,1. up,10/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 分开, 消灭(expressing separation and destroy) break up 拆开, 驱散 cut up 切碎 split up 分裂 divide up 分割 smash up 捣毁 blow up 炸毁 tear up 撕碎 give up 放弃,1. up,11/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 增加, 变强(to a state of greater activity
6、, force, strength, power and degree) turn up 调高, 开大, 出现 shake up 震惊 warm up 兴奋, 热身 speak up 大声说 heat up 变热 speed up 加速 build up 增大, 增进 cheer up 振作起来,1. up,12/85,3,二、动词短语,(5) 变好, 改善(as to be better and proper) bring up 抚育 check up 核对 clear up 清理, 天晴 clean / tidy up 整理 do up 整理 polish up 擦亮, 改进 light
7、up 点亮 make up 化妆, 和解, 弥补,1. up,13/85,3,二、动词短语,(6) 关住, 锁紧, 固定住(firmly, tightly and closely) shut / lock / chain 关闭(锁住) fasten up 系住 keep up 坚持 block up 堵塞 choke up 堵塞 save / store up 存起来 hold up 延误,1. up,14/85,3,二、动词短语,(7) 向说话人的方向(to the place where the speaker is) go up, run up, rush up, walk up, ma
8、rch up, come up,drive up, swim up 走(跑、冲、开车)上前来,1. up,15/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向下的位置(to or into a lower position) cut down砍倒 hand down 传下来 knock down 撞倒 lay down 放下 pull down 拉下 blow down 吹倒 bring down 打倒,2. down,16/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 减少(强度, 量和体积) (a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk) die down 变弱, 逐渐停止 hold
9、 down 压低 burn down (火)减弱, 烧坏 / 掉 slow down 慢下来 bring down 降低,2. down,17/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 停止, 减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power) close down 关闭 break down 坏了, 崩溃 settle down 平静下来 cool down 冷静下来 turn down 拒绝 die down 停止, 渐渐消失 lay sb. down 使失望 put down 镇压,2. down,18/85,3,二、动词短语,(4
10、) 写下, 记下(on paper or in writing) write / put / copy / note / take down 记下,2. down,19/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 继续(continuously) carry on drive on fight onhold on keep on live on sing on walk on go onhurry on move on read on,3. on,20/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 连上, 固定住(in or into a state of being connected) act on 对起作用 co
11、me on 跟随 fasten on 纠缠, 抓牢 turn switch / on 打开 put on 穿上 hang on 不挂断 depend / rely / count on 依靠 take on 呈现(take on a new look呈现新面貌),3. on,21/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 开始某活动 (in or into an active operation) bring on 引起 look on 旁观, 观看 call on 拜访 plan on 打算 decide on 对作出决定 reflect on 思考, 反思 remark on 评论, 议论,3. o
12、n,22/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 离开(indicating departure) blow off 吹掉 drive off 击退 see off 送行 send off 送行, 解雇 call off 叫走, 取消 take off 起飞, 脱衣 carry off 夺走 knock off 击倒, 敲掉,4. off,23/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 去掉, 断开(indicating removal or disconnection) cut off 切断 tear off 扯掉 shut / switch / turn off 关掉 wear off 磨损 go off
13、爆炸 break off 中断,4. off,24/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 完成, 停止(indicating completion) finish off 结束 pay off 付清 wear off 消失, 逐渐减弱 write off 注销, 购销 lay off 停止, 解雇,4. off,25/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 进入, 向里(into, inside, indoors) break in 闯入, 插嘴 drop in 偶然拜访 get in 插入, 收进 lead in 导入 let in 进入, 嵌入 draw / pull in (火车)进站 involve
14、 in 卷入,5. in,26/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 包围, 关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed) close in 包围, 封闭 lock in 禁闭 shut in 关进 wall in 围住,5. in,27/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 加入, 记入(to be added, or included) book in 登记 check in 签到 count in 记入 fill in 填入 hand in 交上 take in 吸收 send in 呈交,5. in,28/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向外 (away from the i
15、nside, outside) keep out 使在外 take / bring out 拿出 put out 放出, 伸出 come out 长出 lay out 摆开, 展示 stick out 伸出 dine out 外出吃饭 let out 放出, 释放,6. out,29/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 结束, 消失, 取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist) burn out 烧尽, 烧断 put out 扑灭 run out 用完 give out 耗尽 wipe out 消灭 die out 灭绝 carry o
16、ut 完成, 执行 leave out 省去 go out 熄灭 cut / cross out 删去, 停止 old out 坚持到底 sell out 卖完 tire / wear out 筋疲力尽,6. out,30/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 大声 (in a loud voice, aloud) sing out cry out shout out call out speak out scream out read out yell out burst out 喊, 申斥,6. out,31/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 分发, 传开 (to a number of peop
17、le or in all directions) give / hand out 分发 spread out 传开 start / set out 出发 break out 爆发 drop out 离开, 退出,6. out,32/85,3,二、动词短语,(5) 搞清, 弄明白 (in or into notice and clearness) find out 找出 figure out 算出, 解决 make out 弄清 count out 点清 come out 出版, 出现 bring out 发表, 说出 fill out 使完全, 添满,6. out,33/85,3,二、动词短语
18、,(1) 翻过来 (downwards from an upright position) knock over 撞倒 turn over 翻转 fall over 脸朝下跌倒 bend over 俯身,7. over,34/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 自始至终, 通过, 重复 (from beginning to end, through, again and again) look over 调查, 检查 think over 考虑 see over 查看 talk over 商量 read over 读一遍 go over 复习,7. over,35/85,3,二、动词短语,(3)
19、向上, 向外 (indicating motion upwards or outwards) run over 溢出 spill over 溢出 boil over 因沸腾溢出,7. over,36/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 越过, 经过 (from one side to the other, across a space or distance)jump over 跳过 climb over 爬过come over 过来 go over 过来swim over 游过 walk over 走过move over 移过 fly over飞过,7. over,37/85,3,二、动词短语,
20、(5) 转变, 改变 (indicating transference and change) hand over 移交 take over 接管 get over 战胜, 克服 gain / win over 争取过来 switch over 转交,7. over,38/85,3,二、动词短语,(6) 由于 (because of) cry over 因哭 laugh over 因笑,7. over,39/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 离开 (to a distance, to another place) take away 拿走 carry away 运走 break away 逃脱
21、pass away 消失, 逝世 (2) 减少, 减弱 (indicating loss, lessening, weakening) burn away 烧尽 brush away 刷掉 die away 消失 melt away 融化,8. away,40/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 分开 (indicating separation, apart) cut away 切掉 give away 赠送 put away 抛弃, 收好,8. away,41/85,42/85,1. hold on to 抓住, 握住; 不放弃, 保留 Hold on to the hat on a wind
22、y day. (抓住) You shouldnt hold on to your share. (不放弃) 2. put away 收起来, 放在惯常保存之处; 储蓄, 积累; 放弃; 监禁 Please put your books / toys away. (收起来) We should put away money for our old age. (积累) He had to put away all ideas of becoming a pianist. (放弃) He was acting so strangely that he had to be put away. (监禁)
23、,43/85,3. pick up 捡起; 通过; 掌握一门技术、语言等; 身体的康复; 搭载; 收拾, 整理 Pick up your hat and parcels. (捡起) I picked up these songs from my sister when I was a child. (学到) You will pick up soon when you get to the seaside. (康复) He stopped his car to pick up a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe. (搭载) The r
24、oom must be picked up before my mother arrives. (收拾),44/85,4. call for 邀约, 拿取; 需要, 要求; 为争取而叫喊 Ill call for you at 6:00. (接) You must take such steps as seem to be called for. (要求) This job calls for patience. (需要) 5. turn out 生产;出产;结果(常与to, that连用) We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to m
25、eet the market requirements. (生产) Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. (结果),45/85,6. get along 过活, 生活; 进展; 相处 I cant get along without money. (生活) How is he getting along with his French study? (进展) He gets along very well with his boss. (相处) e up 长出地面; (被)提出; 社会地位的高升, 出头;
26、符合, 达到 The seeds havent come up yet. (长出地面) He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. (想出) He came up by the hard way. (出头) The rules come up to standard. (符合),46/85,8. keep up 跟上, 不落后; 保持联系; 振作, 不低落; 遵循,沿袭; 维护 You must make great efforts to keep up with your classmates. (跟上) T
27、ry to keep up with the old friends far away. (保持联系)Keep up your spirits. (振作) People in the west of China want to keep up the old customs. (沿袭) How much does it cost to keep up your large house and garden? (维护),47/85,9. give out 分发; 用尽, 耗尽; 公布(消息) Give out the books. (分发) Our food supplies began to
28、give out. (用尽) The horse gave out. (耗尽) It was given out that Mary would be the leading actress. (公布),48/85,10. go off 发射, 响起; 停止运行, 中断; 变坏; 进展 The alarm went off when the thief got in. (响) The heating goes off at night. (停止运行) The light went off. (停止) Her voice is going off. (变坏) We were told that
29、the performance had gone off splendidly.(进展),49/85,11. bring up 抚养, 养育; 接受教育; 呕吐出来; 提出来 His parents died when he was a baby and he was brought up by his aunt. (抚养) He was brought up to respect authorities. (接受教育) He felt sick and brought up lunch. (呕吐) There are questions that you can bring up at th
30、e meeting. (提出来),50/85,12. put up 升起, 举起; 建立或设立; 提高或增加; 提出; 安排食宿 Many tall buildings have been put up in my hometown. (建立) My landlords threatening to put up the rent by 50 yuan a month. (增加) He put up a proposal at the meeting yesterday. (提出) They put up at an inn for the night. (住宿),51/85,13. make
31、 out 设法应付; 了解, 理解; 声称 How did he make out while his wife was away? (设法应付What a strange person she is! I cant make her out at all. (了解) He made out that he had been robbed. (声称) 14. turn off 截断, 关掉; 离开某条路而走另一条路；使厌烦, 不喜欢对方 turn off the light / gas / oven / tap We turned off into a narrow street. (拐入)
32、It really turned me off to see you biting your nails. (使厌烦),52/85,15. set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸; 衬托 They set off for the first bus early this morning. (动身) The old photos sets off my homesick. (引起) The burning cigarette set off an explosion. (使爆炸) The smart sunglasses set off my face very much. (衬托),53/85
33、,16.get through 接通; 通过(考试); 看完; 花光 The operator finally got me through. (接通) If you had worked hard, you would have got through the exam. (通过) I got through the book in three hours. (看完) They got through a million dollars in less than five years. (花光),54/85,17. go through 浏览; (议案, 法律) 被通过; 经历; 仔细检查
34、I went through the book and found nothing new.(浏览) The new law didnt go through. (通过) I admire the way she keeps up high spirits after all she has gone through. (经历) Lets go through your pocket again! (仔细检查),55/85,18. clear up 解释, 解答; 收拾, 整理; (天气)转晴 The police hasnt cleared up the murder case yet. (
35、解释) Dont expect me to clear up for you all the time. (收拾) I hope the weather will clear up before Friday. (转晴),56/85,Shops should remain open till later in the evening._After the big fire, almost nothing remained._ The book proves to be very useful to me._He proved his courage in the time of danger.
36、_,商店应该一直营业到深夜。(系动词),大火后, 几乎没剩下任何东西。(实义动词),这本书证明对我十分有用。(系动词),在危急关头他证明了他的勇气。(实义动词),57/85,Your idea sounds a good one._You must sound the fire alarm once you find a fire._ Your hands feel cold._The doctor felt my pulse._I felt angry to hear the news._,你的主意听起来不错。(系动词),一旦发现火情, 你一定要拉响警报。(实义动词),你的手摸起来冰凉。(系
37、动词),医生把了我的脉。(实义动词),听到这个消息我感到很愤怒。 (实义动词),58/85,The milk tastes too sweet._If you want to know the taste of the pear, you should taste one for yourself._ Rice is grown in the south while wheat is grown in the north._The trees planted on the hill five years ago are now growing strong and tall._,这牛奶尝起来太
38、甜了。(系动词),这如果你想知道梨子的味道, 你得亲口尝一尝。(实义动词),南方种水稻而北方种小麦。 (实义动词),五年前栽在山上的树现在长得又高又壮。(系动词),59/85,It is getting darker and we have to get there before 8:30._ She turned red when I turned round to look at her._,天渐渐黑了(系动词)，我们必须8：30到达那儿。(实义动词),当我转身（实义动词）看她时她脸红了(系动词) 。,60/85,I can hardly _ the difference between
39、the two words. What did you _ just now? I didnt catch it. Would you _ slowly? I cant follow you. What are you _ about? Dont always _ behind others backs. He _ at the meeting yesterday and _ one whole hour, but Im sorry _ to he _nothing. I dont know much about the restaurant, but its _ to be quite a
40、good one.,speak , say , tell , talk,tell,say,speak,talking,talk,spoke,talked,say,said,said,5. 他昨天在会上发了言并且讲了整整一个小时, 但我遗憾地说 他没讲什么(有用的东西)。say 强调所说的内容。,61/85,I _ you will write me back soon. How I _ I had studied hard at school! Ive finally got the job I _ . But the job is far more challenging than I _
41、. Dont _ too much of me. I cant live up with your expectations. We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.,wish , hope , expect , desire,hope,wish,desired,expected,expect,wish,10.expect much of sb. 对某人寄予很大希望。,62/85,I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him. He
42、did the job one third the time it _ me. _ more time on your study, young man! Its a shame to waste time playing games. Hell never forget the accident which _ him two fingers.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,spare,took,Spend,cost,13. 他做那工作只用了我所花的时间的三分之一。,15. cost sb. sth. 令 / 使某人失去某物如生命、健康
43、等。,63/85,You should _ me if you want me to carry the luggage for you. As director of the company, I can t _ three weeks away from work.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,pay,afford,64/85,Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away. Taking a careful aim at the big fish
44、, the fisherman _ the harpoon go and it hit the spot. If time _ , Ill go to the airport to see you off. Youre the leader. Its up to you to _ your group members working. You asked Tom to tidy up the office. But he _ it done.,Have , let , get , allow , permit,allow,let,permits,get,had,21. get sb. doing让某人干起来。,22. have sth. done 使某事让别人完成。,65/85,I can _ you to the railway station in my car. The young man asked to be _ to work in the West. Sorry. I forgot to _ my essay. Ill _ it right away. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better _ them for her.,
