1、,Unit 2 News media,grammar,The Past Participle: 过去分词,Form:,规则动词的过去分词-v-ed,不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则,Function:,1.作定语(Attribute) 2.作表语(Predicative) 3.作宾补（O.C） 4.作状语 (Adverbial),一般来说,过去分词含有“完成”或“被动”的双重意义.,B.被动意义 An honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人,A.完成意义 A retired teacher 一位退休的教师,Meaning:,Past Participle as Attribute:
2、,1.单个过去分词作定语, 一般放在名词的前面.,注意点: 过去分词修饰something,nothing,somebody等不定代词或指示代词those时,要放在这些词的后面.,fallen leaves a risen sun已升起的太阳boiled water a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯,1. He is one of those invited. 2. nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.,the changing world the changed worldboiling water boiled
3、waterfading flowers faded flowersa developingcountry a developed country,（正在变化的）（变化了的）,（正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）,(正在凋谢的) (已经凋谢的）,(发展中的) (发达的）,in the given timewith the words givena wanted personworkers wanteda concerned lookthe people concerned,在既定的时间内,用所给的单词,被通缉的人,招聘工人,关切的神情,有关人士,有些过去分词作前置定语或后置定语时意义不同.,Past
4、Participle as Attribute:,2.如果是过去分词短语作定语,要放在名词的后面,其功能相当于一个定语从句.,We lived in the house built by my father.,We lived in the house which was builtby my father.,过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。,The stolen bike belongs to Jack.,The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack.,The lecture given by Professor Zh
5、ang is about environment protection.,The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.,过去分词与现在分词的区别：,1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动 注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动,an inspiring speech,the inspired audience,鼓舞人心的演说,受到鼓舞的观众,The falling leaves the fallen leaves,落叶（正往下落的）,落叶
6、（已经落到地面的）,2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在 进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表 示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性”,1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree? 2.The woman _ (sell) vegetables has gone. 3.The wheat is watered by water _ (bring) from a pond. 4. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.,lying,sel
7、ling,brought,respected,3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式 (being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个 完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.,the problem discussed yesterday The problem being discussed,4. 过去分词（done）与现在分词的完成被动式 （having been done）都表示“完成”和“被动”，但前者 的时间性不变，而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于 谓语动作。,1.He is a teacher _(respect) by all. 2. _ (tel
8、l)to stay in Beijing, the boy Decided not to returned to his village.,respected,Having been told,PRACTISING,The telegram that was sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandmas death.2. Lets try the bookstore that was opened last month.3. Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the
9、product said they liked it.,The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandmas death.,Lets try the bookstore opened last month.,Nine out of ten women interviewed about theproduct said they like it.,4. The three guns, which had been stolen from the police station, were found in the h
10、ouse.5. I dont like going to supermarkets thatlocated in the center of the town.,The three guns, stolen from the police station, were found in the house.,I dont like going to supermarkets located in the center of the town.,Past Participle as Predicative:,过去分词作表语, 无“被动”的意思,只是表示主语的状态或思想感情等,结构为:,be fee
11、l/look /seem /get/ become,+done,常见作表语的过去分词有：,amazed, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, satisfied, surprised等。,For example She looked worried. I am interested in the book. He was lost in thought. The door remained locked.,(1)He looked worried after reading the letter.when we heard of
12、 it, we were deeply moved.,(2)The glass is broken.The glass is broken by Tom last night.,(表示状态),(表示动作),注: 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一谈.,(1)用作表语的过去分词,主要表示一种状态,此时相当于一个形容词.,(2)用作被动语态的过去分词,句子的主语是动作的承受者,后常跟by短语.,有的已成为固定搭配 ： be covered with be lost in thought be caught in the rain be separated from be interested in
13、,被覆盖 陷入沉思 被雨淋 从分离 对感兴趣,区别,2)、过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别； V-ing一般表主动或主语的性质和特性，“令人” 主语多为物 PP主语的感受或状态，“感到” 主语多为人 EG：How disappointed he felt at the result of the election (他感到失望）How disappointing he is.He should not have failed in such an election (他令人失望）,interesting interested exciting excited delighting deli
14、ghted disappointing disappointed encouraging encouraged pleasing pleased satisfying satisfied puzzling puzzled surprising surprised worrying worried,使人感兴趣的 感兴趣的 令人激动的 感到激动的 令人高兴的 感到高兴的令人失望的 感到失望的令人鼓舞的 感到鼓舞的令人愉快的 感到愉快的令人满意的 感到满意的令人费解的 感到费解的令人惊异的 感到惊异的令人担心的 感到担心的,CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER,Prices of daily
15、 goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices . A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century Having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written,3. The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C
16、, did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing,differences:,A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then prepares questions. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. Did you se
17、e the boy being questioned by the police?,过去分词作定语表示一个完成的被动作。 现在分词被动式作定语表示一个正在进行的被动动作。 不定式的被动式作定语表示一个将来的被动动作。,Grammar,exercises in the book,P.13 Ex.1,Past Participle used as Attribute: experienced informed talented organized stolen addicted printed,Past Participle used as Predicative: needed respecte
18、d tolerated,P.14 Ex. 2,informed decisions = decisions that are based on information talented journalists = journalists who are talented an organized way = a way which is organized stolen cultural relics = cultural relics that were stolen,P.14 Ex. 3,The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of
19、my dear grandmas death. Lets try the bookstore opened last month. Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. The three guns stolen from the police stations were found in the house. I dont like going to supermarkets located in the centre of the town.,Excises 4 on P. 14,Th
20、e three injured students were sent to hospital. Some used textbooks were given to the students in the countryside. 3. Tom cant go to school because of his broken leg. 4. The published novel is a best-seller. 5. The newly built research center is very beautiful.,P.91 Ex. 2,The man who is disturbing t
21、he other workers is called James Smith. - James is disturbing the others.The man who is being disturbed by the other workers is called James Smith. - The others are disturbing James.,2. The teenagers who were discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children. The teenagers were on TV
22、.The teenagers who were being discussed on TV talk show were all school children. - People on TV are talking about the teenagers.,3. The driver who informed us of the accident quit his job a week later. The driver told us the accident.The driver who was informed of the accident quit his job a week l
23、ater. - Someone told the driver about the accident.,4. I had already met the man who interviewed me before I came here. The man is the person who asked me questions.I had already met the man who was interviewed by the boss before I came here. - The man is the person who answered the bosss questions.
24、,5. Do you happen to know the host who is presenting the professor? The host is the person who tells people about the professor.Do you happen to know the host who is being presented by the professor? - The professor tells people about the host.,P.91 Ex.3,A well armed team searched the cave for the d
25、angerous creature. This is a well-written composition; I could hardly find any mistakes in it. He is a well-informed person; you can get almost all the latest news from him. The newly elected president is making a public speech on TV. We are using the newly revised English textbook. We find it a lot
26、 more interesting,6. Look at this badly printed book; there are so many printing mistakes in it. 7. The badly injured guard was sent to the hospital immediately. 8. This is a recently updated source; it will give you an idea of whats going on. 9. Look ! That newly-built house is where my father work
27、s. 10. Society needs well- educated citizens, so education is very important in ones life.,Revision,Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb. I had nothing to do. I was _ (bore) and lonely. Jack looked even more _ (amaze) than he felt. The results were very _ (disappoint). I was
28、thanked by the _ (satisfy) customer. The girl _ (dress) in red is my daughter. Last Monday our class went on an _ (organise) trip.,bored,amazed,disappointing,satisfied,dressed,organised,-ed分词做宾语补足语时，宾语补足语与宾语之间是被动关系。常见的可以带-ED分词作宾语补足语的动词。,feel find get have hear help keep like make notice notion obser
29、ve order see set smell start think understand want watch wish,例如：We found his hair style changed completely.,I made myself understood easily.,We found the work completely done.,过去分词-ed as adverbial 作状语 A表示时间1After the party of the people were armed with the modern detector, they went into the cave t
30、o explore.Armed with the modern detector, the party of the people went into the cave to explore.2When the town is seen from the hill, it looks beautiful.Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful,B.表示原因 1.Because she was deeply moved by the film, she couldnt help crying even after the movie.Deeply
31、 moved by the film, she couldnt help crying even after the film.2. Because the suspect was injured in the accident, he had to be sent to hospital before he could answer the policemans questions.Injured in the accident, the suspect had to be sent to hospital before he could answer the policemans ques
32、tions. 3. Since the old army man was urged by the children, he told them his own experience of crossing the snow-topped mountain.Urged by the children, the old army man the old army man told them about his own experience of crossing the snow-topped mountain,C. 表示条件 1. If they were given more time, t
33、hey would be able to complete the task better.Given more time, they would be able to complete the task better. 2. If a thief is caught by the police, he will be sent to the police station at once.Caught by the police, he will be sent to the police station at once.D. Conj. +-ed participle “连词+-ed分词”作
34、状语 1When asked to make a speech, he said he would be glad to do so. 2Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 3He will be imprisoned if caught by the police.,E表示伴随 1. The manager rode down the main street. He was followed by a group of children. The manager rode down the main street, followed
35、 by a group of children.2. He continued to walk up and down. He was greatly disturbed by the news.He continued to walk up and down, greatly disturbed by the news.-ed分词的否定形式,就在分词前加”not” Not allowed to bring the children along, the mother went to see the exhibition without them.,在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必
36、须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:,独 立 主 格 结 构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等, 例如：He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴随情况)The shower being over, we continued to march. (时间)So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因)Weather permitting, well have an ou
37、ting tomorrow. (条件)All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home.The composition written, he handed it to the teacher.,1. _ in the country, he found everything in the countryside interesting. Not bringing up Not brought up C. Being not brought up D. Having not brought up,Thank you!,
