1、1句子成份英语在其长期的发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构，即：主语+谓语。主语是句子的话题，而谓语是对话题所作的说明。两者构成了句子的主要成份，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外，还包括表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语六种次要成分，可根据句子的需要可有可无。一、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句担任，在陈述句中常置于句首。 主语由名词性的词来充当。如：I like football.The boy needs a pen.练习：试找出下列句子的主语：1) God helps those who help themselves. 2) T
2、he capital of France is Pairs. 3) We have finished our task ahead of time. 4) Ours is a great country. 5) The second is better than the first. 6) Seeing is believing. 7) Johns not having been trained as a dancer is his one regret. 8) To study English well is very important for a college student now.
3、 9) What he said is not true. 10) Study hard and make progress every day.二、谓语：谓语是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作或所处的状态等。 谓语通常由动词或动词词组来充当。如：The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket练习：试找出下列句子的谓语：1) He studied in Britain for 3 years.2) I didnt watch the movie last night. 3) Now students are paying more attention t
4、o pronunciation.4) They lived, ate and worked together with the workers for more than a month.5) Every means has been tried without any effect.6) You shouldnt have opened her letter. 7) We used to teach in the same school. 8) You didnt have to go there in person. 9) He is said to have been to many c
5、ountries. 10) His parents are both middle school teachers.三、表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。 它一般位于系动词之后。如：He looks very young.练习：试找出下列句子的表语：1) His parents are both middle school teachers. 2) You are the first in the competition.3) Our campus is very beautiful in spring.4) The temperature is down about 10 degre
6、es today. 5) All the students are in the classroom waiting for you.6) Our plan is to have picnic this weekend. 7) The students got very excited watching the football game. 8) The film was very moving. 9) Her first job was selling shoes. 10) Our suggestion is that you give up smoking for the sake of
7、your health.四、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者。 宾语由名词性的词充当 ,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语 ,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。例如：Tome lost his life in the big fire.练习：试找出下列句子的宾语：1) We will study a new lesson next week. 2) He often helps me in my study. 3) China won the first in the number of gold medals at the 14th Asian Games. 4). I dont think I can
8、follow you. 5) Can you tell us whether he will come?6) Tell them where they should put the machines.7) Whatever difficulties he met, he would get rid of them. 8) Respect the old and cherish the young. 9) They avoided talking about the subject at the meeting.10) They offered to help us when we were i
9、n difficulties.五、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。如：Guilin is a beautiful city.练习：试找出下列句子的定语：1) Nowadays, we have a two-day weekend, so we have more spare time.2) The man speaking at the meeting is the chairman of our department.3) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.24) There are th
10、irty women teachers is our school.5) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.6) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.7) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.8) He is reading an article about how to learn English.六、补足语：英语中为了使句子意义完整，需要对主语或宾语进行补充说明，这就是补足语。补充说明主语
11、的称为主语补足语。补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。如：We chose him our monitor.练习：试找出下列句子的补足语：1) I often find him reading in the library.2) He is often found reading in the library.3) His father named him Dongming.4) They painted their boat white.5) Let the fresh air in.6) You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.7) We sa
12、w her entering the room.8) We found everything in the lab in good order.七、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语、伴随状语、让步状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。如：Tomorrow we will visit the museum.练习：试找出下列句子的状语：1) We usually have English classes in the language lab.2) Our teachers teach us very patiently.3) Last
13、 night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.5) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.7) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8) She works very hard though she is old.八、同位语：
14、一个名词(或其它形式) 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词( 或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词常常紧挨在一起。如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 练习：试找出下列句子的同位语：1) His dinner，eggs and vegetables，is simple2) Three personsyou，he and Iwill have to maintain this big family3) The Diamond，the bestknown restaurant in town，is not far
15、away4) You may ask anyonehim， her or me5) They invited our familyfather，mother and meto their country-house6) At the news，I felt ashamed for us officials练习题：选择填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weathe
16、r _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were al
17、l very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where答案: 1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB
