1、湖南省衡阳市 2018 届高三第一次联考（一模）英语试题第 I 卷第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30 分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 7. 5 分)听下面 5 段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B. C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is Silvia going to get for Christmas?A. A bike. B. A
2、camera. C. A pad.2. W hen will the film probably start?A. At 4:00. B. At 5:00. C. At 6:00.3. What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Snowy.4. How might the woman feel at the mans words?A. Surprised. B. Disappointed C. Confused.5. Whats the relationship between the
3、 two speakers?A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.第二节( 共 15 小题;每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A. B. C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前 , 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟 ;听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料 , 回答第 6、7 题。6. Why cant the woman accompan
4、y the man this afternoon?She has an appointment.B. Shes going to a party.C. Shes going to do shopping7. Who will the man finally invite to go with him?A.Lisa. B. Bill. C. Mary.听第 7 段材料 , 回答第 8、9 题。8. What does the man think of wearing a seat- belt at the beginning?A. Inconvenient. B. Unnecessary. C.
5、 Important.9. What has the woman managed to do?A. Persuade the man. B. Help her brother. C. Keep herself safe.听第 8 段材料 , 回答第 10 至 12 题。10. What is the woman doing?A. Joking about the mans fun experiences.B. Talking the man into trying something fun.C. Giving the man advice on avoiding danger.l1. Wha
6、t does the woman prefer to do this weekend?A. Go to the library. B. Go mountain biking. C. Stay at home.l2. What happened to the man on his last fishing trip?A. He broke his arm. B. He got sun-burnt. C. He didnt catch any fish.听第 9 段材料 , 回答第 13 至 16 题。13. Why did the man go to South America?To teach
7、 English.B. To improve his Spanish.C. To learn about the local life.14. What did the man do in a voluntary project?A. Served tourists. B. Worked in the fields. C. Built houses.15. What do we know about the mans life there?A. He considered his life there comfortable.B. He had a rather difficult begin
8、ning.C. He was never accepted by the local people.16. What does the man mean when talking about food there?A. He preferred food there to Spanish food.B. He found food there easy to prepare.C. He had enough to eat there.听第 10 段材料, 回答第 17 至 20 题。17. W hat will the visitors do personally on Monday?A. D
9、ye cloth with the herb.B. Cook the herb.C. Treat a disease with the herb.18. Which of the following should be paid?A. Attending a lecture on plants.B. Joining a working party.C. Searching for insects and birds,19. How long does the programme probably last ?A. Three days. B. Five days. C. Six days.20
10、. w hat is the speaker mainly talking about?A. Tips for the visitors. B. Programme activities. C. Information on the garden.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节( 共 15 小题;每小题 2 分、满分 30 分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATicks of theTradeHere are some of the ways companies try to get you to bu
11、y their products. See if you can spot any of them thenext time you watch an ad,What a Character! Companies often use mascots to sell their products A memorable mascotlike a rabbit that loves cerealmakes you immediately think of the product.Convincing Colors: Many foods come in brightly colored packa
12、ging meant to grab your attention. Different colors can create different feelings. For example, research shows that red and yellow can make you hungry.Name ThatTune: Have you ever had a song from a commercial stuck in your head?Companies create catchy jingles and slogans to make sure you dont forget
13、 their products.Making Your Mouth Water: Have you noticed that food in commercials often looks better than it does in real life? Thats because advertisers hire people called food stylists to make burgers look extra juicy and chips extra crispy.Star Power: Companies pay actors, athletes, and singers
14、to promote their products. The idea is that people will want to eat and drink the same products as the celebrities they admire.Football star Cam Newton appears in ads for Gatorade.1. In the first trick, what do companies try to associate their products with?A. Trademarks.B. Mascots.C. Logos.D. Symbo
15、ls.2. Research shows that the color yellow can .A. increase a persons appetiteB. inspire a persons imaginationC. sharpen a persons eyesightD. motivate persons creativity3. Food stylists try to promote the food by taking advantage of a persons sense of .A. hearingB. touchC. sightD. smell【答案】1. B 2. A
16、 3. C【解析】文章介绍了公司推销商品常用的一些手段。1. B 细节理解题。根据文章 Companies often use mascots to sell their products 公司经常用吉祥物来销售他们的产品，可知是吉祥物，故选 B。2. A 细节理解题。根据文章 For example, research shows that red and yellow can make you hungry. 例如，研究表明红色和黄色会让你感到饥饿。可知红色和黄色可以促进人们的食欲，故选 A。3. C 细节理解题。根据文章 Have you noticed that food in com
17、mercials often looks better than it does in real life? Thats because advertisers hire people called food stylists to make burgers look extra juicy and chips extra crispy. 你有没有注意到广告里的食物看起来比现实生活中更好？这是因为广告商雇佣了一类叫做“食品设计师”的人，让汉堡看起来更美味，炸得更脆。可知，食品设计师试图通过利用人们的视觉推销食物。故选 C。点睛：广告类文章阅读，需要特别注意文章的细节，题目设置多以细节理解题为主
18、，带着问题到文章相应位置查找即可找到对应答案。如本篇阅读中的题目，只要在文章中找到对应的句子就可以确定答案。B“Ballistic missile threat inbound to Hawaii. Seek immediate shelter. This is not a drill.”It might sound like something straight out of a horror movie, but for 38 minutes terrified Hawaiian residents thought the world was going to end.On Saturda
19、y, locals and tourists on the small island woke up to a message that many have feared amid North Koreas development of a nuclear weapon.Panicked residents gathered family members, ran out onto the streets and anxiously sought shelter as they awaited the attack. Cars were abandoned on highways and pe
20、ople who were outside at the time hid in the basements of neighbours as others prepared to flee.Stacey Bow, 56, of Honolulu was awakened to the emergency alert(警报) on her smart phone and woke up her 16- year- old daughter, who became hysterical, crying. Cherese Carlson, said the moments following th
21、e alert were filled with fear. “I had no friends here to turn to for help,”she said. “There was nothing I could do but sit in my car worried that it was the end of my life.”Others thought that it was a hoax or a false alarm, since the sirens(报警汽笛) did not ring out. “I thought to myself, it must be s
22、omeones last day at work or someone got extremely upset at a superior and basically did this as a joke,” said Brian Naeole, who was visiting Honolulu from Molokai, adding that he didnt hear sirens and neither TV nor radio stations issued alerts.It turned out that the incident was caused by a worker
23、who pressed the wrong button. A revised alert informing people of the “false alarm” did not reach mobile phones until about 40 minutes after the first warning was sent. Hawaiis Emergency Management Agency administrator Vern Miyagi said, “there was no automated way to send a false alarm cancellation.
24、 We had to initiate a manual process. And that was why it took a while to inform everyone”. He apologised for the false alarm.4. When did the people probably receive the alert message?A. At 8:07 a.m.B. At 11:05 a.m.C. At 6:13 p.m.D. At 9:05 p.m.5. What can we infer about Cherese Carlson?A. She was a
25、 local living in Honolulu.B. She celled up her friends for assistance.C. She had to hide in a strong basementD. She was probably a tourist visiting Hawaii.6. How did Brian Naeole feel after reading the alert message?A. Desperate.B. Calm.C. Terrified.D. Funny.7. The underlined word “manual” in the la
26、st paragraph means .A. expressed in wordsB. controlled by computersC. operated by handD. performed by robots【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C【解析】文章介绍了一则错误的警报和其所带来的后果。4. A 细节理解题。根据第三段 On Saturday, locals and tourists on the small island woke up to a message that many have feared amid North Koreas development o
27、f a nuclear weapon.可知人们是在早上被警报惊醒的，故选A。5. D 推理判断题。根据第五段 Cherese Carlson, said the moments following the alert were filled with fear. “I had no friends here to turn to for help,”she said. “There was nothing I could do but sit in my car worried that it was the end of my life.” 切里斯卡尔森说，警报过后的时刻充满了恐惧。 “在这
28、里，我没有朋友来寻求帮助， ”她说。 “我什么也做不了，只是坐在我的车里，担心这是我生命的终结。 ”可知她不是本地人，没有朋友可以寻求帮助，只能呆在车里，因此她可能是旅行者，故选 D。6. B 推理判断题。根据文章“I thought to myself, it must be someones last day at work or someone got extremely upset at a superior and basically did this as a joke,” said Brian Nacole“我想，这肯定是某个人最后一天工作，或者是有人对上级非常不满，基本上这是在
29、开玩笑， ”Brian Nacole 说。可知 Brian Nacole 在读了警报信息后，很镇定。故选 B。7. C 词义推测题。根据前边 there was no automated way to send a false alarm cancellation 没有自动的方法来取消假警报的发送，可知只能手动进行，manual 意为“operated by hand” ，故选 C。CScientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin: How flowers evolved a
30、nd spread to become the most important plants on Earth.Flowering plants, or angiosperms, make up about 90% of all living plant species. In the distant past, they outpaced (超过 ) plants such as conifers and fems (针叶植物和蕨类植物) ，but how they did this has been a mystery. New research suggests it is due to
31、genome (基因组) size.Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Earth was dominated (支配) by ferns and conifers. Then, about 150 million years ago, the first flowering plants appeared on the scene. They quickly spread to all parts of the world, changing the landscape from muted green to a variety of colours
32、.Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on Earth has been debated for centuries. Charles Darwin himself called it a“mystery”, fearing this apparent sudden leap might challenge his theory of evolution.Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California, US and other researchers wonde
33、red if the size of the plants genetic materialor genomemight be important. They analysed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on the genome size of hundreds of plants, including flowering plants, gymnosperms (a group of plants including conifers) and fems. They then compared genome size with
34、 anatomical (结构上的) features.This provides “strong evidence”, that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around he world is due to “genome downsizing.”By shrinking the size of the genome, which is contained within the nucleus of the cell, plants can build smaller cells. In tum, this allows
35、 greater carbon dioxide uptake (摄入)and carbon gain from photosynthesis, the process by which plants use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.The researchers say genomedownsizing happened only in the angiosperms, and his was “a necessary condition for rapid growth rates
36、 among land plants”.8. What do you know about angiosperms?A. They are dominant plants on Earth.B. They are rare plants in South Africa.C. They are topical plants in South Asia.D. They are extinct plants in the world.9. It can be inferred that .A. Charles Darwin was confident of his theory of evoluti
37、onB. Kevin Simonin is probably an American biologistC. Kev in Simonin works in the Royal Botanic Gardens, KewD. Charles Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution10. Which of the following contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms?A. The weaker conifer.B. The larger nucleus.
38、C. The smaller genome.D. The stronger cell.11. Which of the following is the best title?A. How Angiosperms Conquered the World?B. W hat Puzzle Confused Even Charles Darwin?C. Why Gymnosperms Were Successful on Earth?D. When Angiosperms Outpaced Conifers and Fems?【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A【解析】文章主要介绍了开
39、花植物或被子植物能够在地球上占有优势的原因。8. A 细节理解题。根据第二段 Flowering plants, or angiosperms, make up about 90% of all living plant species. 开花植物，或被子植物，约占所有活种植物的 90%。可知被子植物是地球是占优势的植物，故选A。9. B 推理判断题。根据第五段 Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California, US and other researchers wondered if the size of the
40、 plants genetic materialor genomemight be important. 来自美国加州旧金山州立大学的凯文西蒙尼和其他研究人员想知道，这种植物的基因物质或者基因组是否重要。可知 Kevin Simonin 是美国科学家。故选 B。10. C 细节理解题。根据第六段 This provides “strong evidence”, that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around he world is due to “genome downsizing.” 这提供了 “强有力的证据” ，即开
41、花植物在世界的成功和迅速传播是由于“基因组缩小” 。故选 C。11. A 主旨题。文章主要介绍了开花植物或被子植物能够在地球上占有优势的原因。故选 A。DCarrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs. She also has a reputation as a generous colleague. She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pa
42、y the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job. She has resigned because. she refused to go on colluding (共谋 ) with the BBCs dishonesty about its failure to give women and men equal pay for equal work.Gracie was recruited to the job, because she had all the talent and skills t
43、he BBC needed to cover the difficult international and domestic story of the rise of China. One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors, familiar names including Jon Sopel in Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East.Last summer, the gover
44、nment forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000. The results exposed an astonishing pay gap. They also showed Gracie that her employers had misled her.Gracie sets out all her efforts to get her bosses to do what they had originally promised her, but th
45、ey fail to respond adequately. Instead, they prevaricate(搪塞)and offer her a pay rise that still would not have delivered equality. They thought they could buy her off; They thought that the reputational hazard she was running would scare her away from the fight.The BBC is wrong this time! Gracie has
46、 chosen to design rather than give in because she thinks that it is her responsibility to stop the BBC doing something stupid. She is fighting for womens legal rights.Gracie said she hoped she wouldnt be remembered as the woman who complained about money, but as a great journalist. She is proving th
47、at they are two sides of the same invaluable coin.Carrie Gracies dispute with the BBC isnt about moneyits about dignity !12. What do you know about Carrie Gracie?A. She is very strict with her office colleagues.B. She has a good command of Chinas affairs.C. She was working together with Jon Sopel.D.
48、 She has a reputation of covering sports news.13. What does Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC?A. Equal pay for equal work.B. Better pay for more work.C. Apology for misconducts.D. Response to her complaint.14. We can infer that the BBC .A. didnt promise Gracie equal pay with her male colleaguesB. dism
49、issed Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher payC. was forced to pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal workD. kept the pay of its familiar names secret before last summer15. What is the authors attitude towards the BBC?A. Positive.B. Vague.C. Critical.D. Cautious.【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C【解析】文章讲述了原 BBC 编辑嘉莉格雷西因为同工不
