1、 页 11. Computer Practice(1)2. Professional Introduction 设计导论3. Fundamentals of College Computer(大学计算机基础)4. Advanced Mathematics I 高数 15. Introduction to Industrial Design 工业设计导论6. Design for example, telephone and power cables or rigging on boats. Any such elements can be of dramatic use in the comp
2、osition of the image. Additionally, less obvious lines can be created, intentionally or not, which influence the direction of the viewers gaze. These could be the borders of areas of differing color or contrast, or sequences of discrete elements, or the artist may exaggerate or create lines perhaps
3、as part of his style, for this purpose. Many lines without a clear subject point suggest chaos in the image and may conflict with the mood the artist is trying to evoke.Movement is also a source of line, and blur can also create a reaction. Subject lines by means of illusion contribute to both mood
4、and linear perspective, giving the illusion of depth. Oblique lines convey a sense of movement and angular lines generally convey a sense of dynamism and possibly tension. Lines can also direct attention towards the main subject of picture, or contribute to organization by dividing it into compartme
5、nts.Color is characterized by attributes such as hue, brightness, and saturation. Color symbolism assigns additional associations, dependent on culture. For example, white has long suggested purity, but it can also take slightly different meanings such as peace, or innocence. However, in some places
6、 (for instance, Japan) it signifies death.Principles of organization: The artist determines what the center of interest of the art work will be, and composes the elements accordingly. The gaze of the viewer will then tend to linger over these points of interest. Elements are arranged with considerat
7、ion of several factors into a harmonious whole which works together to produce the desired statement a phenomenon commonly referred to as unity. Such factors in composition should not be confused with the elements of art themselves. For example, shape is an element; the usage of shape is characteriz
8、ed by various principles.15. Engineering Drawing C 工程制图16. Color Composition 色彩构成页 2Color Composition is about the arrangement of color. This subject is first created by HochschulBauhaus. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light power versus wavelength) interacting in the eye
9、with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color has 3 attributes: hue, lightness and colorfulness.Hue is the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow; Lightness is defined in a way to reflect
10、the subjective brightness perception of a color for humans along a lightnessdarkness axis. Colorfulness is the degree of difference between a color and gray. Chroma is the colorfulness relative to the brightness of another color that appears white under similar viewing conditions. Saturation is the
11、colorfulness of a color relative to its own brightness.Then there is 2 concept of color mixing, Addition Mix and Subtraction Mix. Addition Mix is the mix of colorful light, green, red and blue. After the mixing will the color lighter; Subtraction Mix is the mix of colorful objects, and the three pri
12、mary colors are red, yellow and blue. Each time they mix become the color darker.Color Solid. A color solid is the three-dimensional representation of a color model, an analog of the two-dimensional color wheel. The added spatial dimension allows a color solid to depict an added dimension of color v
13、ariation. Whereas a two-dimensional color wheel typically depicts the variables of hue (red, green, blue, etc.) and brightness (gradations of light and dark), a color solid adds the variable of saturation, allowing the sphere to depict all conceivable colors in an organized three-dimensional structu
14、re. Artists and art critics find the color solid to be a useful means of organizing the three variables of colorhue, lightness, and saturation, as modelled in the HSL color modelin a single schematic, using it as an aid in the composition and analysis of visual art.By changing these attributes we ma
15、ke color composition. For example, by using an achromatic colorblack, white, and grey, we can make a product looks modern and high technique. Also, if we want the design something elegant for woman, we combine colors with the similar lightness, such as different degrees of pink. And with the arrange
16、ment of color we control the feelings of the users.Related to product design psychology17. Design Laws and Regulation 设计法规18. Industrial Design Methodology 工业设计方法学19. History of Industrial Design 工业设计史论(1) The importance of studying the history of industrial design: in these lessen we learn the char
17、acter of design in different periods. Therefore, we can know the trend of industrial design and design future products. (2) The idea of John Ruskin: John Ruskin thought highly about design, and he emphasized the connections between nature, art and society. He argued that the principal role of the ar
18、t and design is “truth to nature“, and designers should learn more about the nature and use these elements into designs. In other hand he totally denied the possibility to make an industrial production prettier. He was against industrial materials like class and iron. And he insisted that we shouldn
19、t change the nature appearance and texture of a material.I think his ideas have both advantage and disadvantage. Its sinful to learn from the 页 3nature because the nature is always so beautiful and attractive, and Im also for the using of nature material like bamboo and wood, because they are green
20、and environment friendly. However, I think he was wrong to object all the industrial material, because these man-made materials can be provided faster, so theyre just more suitable for the quantity production.(3) The Art and Crafts Movement (1850-1910)The Art and Crafts Movement was an international
21、 design movement that flourished between 1860 and 1910. It was inspired by the writings of John Ruskin. It was largely a reaction against the impoverished state of the decorative arts at the time and the conditions in which they were produced. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple form
22、s and often applied medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and has been said to be essentially anti-industrial. The Arts and Crafts style started as a search for aesthetic design and decoration and a reaction against the styles that were developed by
23、 machine-production.Arts and Crafts objects were simple in form, without superfluous or excessive decoration, and how they were constructed was often still visible. They tended to emphasize the qualities of the materials used (“truth to material“). They often had patterns inspired by British flora a
24、nd fauna and used the vernacular, or domestic, traditions of the British countryside. Several designer-makers established workshops in rural areas and revived old techniques. They were influenced by the Gothic Revival (18301880) and were interested in medieval styles, using bold forms and strong col
25、ors based on medieval designs. They claimed to believe in the moral purpose of art.(4) Art Nouvea (1880-1910)Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied artespecially the decorative artsthat were most popular during 18901910. It was inspired by natural forms
26、 and structures, not only in flowers and plants but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment. It is also considered a philosophy of design of furniture, which was designed according to the whole building and made part of ordinary life. Art Nouveau is considere
27、d now as an important transition between the historicism of Neoclassicism and modernism. Furthermore, Art Nouveau monuments are now recognized as significant contributions to cultural heritage. (5) The Machine Aesthetic (1900-1930)The principle of the Machine Aesthetic is presented by Louis Henry Su
28、llivan. The principle is: form follows function. Then comes the famous Chicago School. Chicagos architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is also known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the Chicago School was a school
29、 of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Mode
30、rnism. A “Second Chicago School“ later emerged in the 1940s and 1970s which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems such as the tube-frame structure. In this period are there some typical schools of thought:页 4A. The Style. Proponents of De Stijl sought to express a new utopian id
31、eal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colors along with black and white. It was posited on the fund
32、amental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with a strong asymmetrically; the predominant use of pure primary colors with black and white; and the relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-objective forms and line
33、s.“ Composition with Yellow, Blue, and RedPiet Mondrian Red and blue chair Geritt RietveldB. Constructivism Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favor of art a
34、s a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as Bauhaus and the De Stijl movement. Its influence was pervasive, with major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance,
35、 fashion and to some extent music.C. ModernismModernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-sca
36、le and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.In art, Modernism explicitly rejects the ideology of realism and makes use of the works of the past, through the application of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody in new forms
37、. Modernism also rejects the lingering certainty of Enlightenment thinking, as well as the idea of a compassionate, all-powerful Creator. In general, the term modernism encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the “traditional“ forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith,
38、social organization and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world. D. Scandinavia StyleScandinavian design emerged in the 1950s in the three Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), as well as Finland
39、. In this style can we find products with organic forms and humanity. It mixed the traditional design and the modern design, that is to say, the Scandinavian-style-product is not only functional but also pretty. IKEA for example is a typical Scandinavian brand. It uses delightful colors as well as o
40、rganic curves, they look so kind and warm that everyone loves them. Besides, it do very well in the man-machine- relationship, and the products are comfortable to use. Whats more, Scandinavia productions are always cheap, so everyone can afford it. E. BauhausHow do you think about Bauhaus?Bauhaus de
41、veloped a series of design courses like color composition and 3-D composition. Following the principle “less is more” it objected over decorations, and 页 5make elegant product with simple geometric. This style is not only classic but also great, because it combined products well with modern aestheti
42、cs. Also, since these products are easy to form, they become much cheaper and are very advantage to the common people. I personally admire the Bauhaus Chess Set designed by Josef Hartwig very much. Josef Hartwigs chess set fulfilled the requirement that an object must be practical, durable, inexpens
43、ive and beautiful. Hartwig reduced the forms of his chess set to crosses, squares and circles, which consistently demonstrate the playing direction of the figures. I like this design very much, although I dont play chess. I think its very creative, and its an involution. However, Bauhaus also had sh
44、ortcoming. For example, it over insisted the simple geometric form, so that sometimes it ignored the function of the product. F. Art Deco(1920-1939)Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style which first appeared in France during the 1920s, flourished internationally during the 30s and 40s,
45、then waned in the post-World War II era. It is an eclectic style that combines traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery and materials. The style is often characterized by rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation.Value:G. PopPop design presented a challenge to traditions o
46、f fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. In Pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led
47、to it. Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. It is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion upon them.3 And due to its utilization of found objects and images it is
48、 similar to Dada. Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often through the use of irony.2 It is also associated with the artists use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techn
49、iques.Much of pop art is considered incongruent, as the conceptual practices that are often used make it difficult for some to readily comprehend. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art, or are some of the earliest examples of Post-modern Art themselves. H. Post-ModernismCharacters: use many classic patterns; more decorative; use the forms to show the feelings, care about the relationship between human, environment and product.I. Neo-ModernismCharacter: like Modernism, Neo-Modernism also insists that the product should
