1、Chapter Ten,Division & Combination,译文比较,1.This season saw an ominous dawning of the tenth of November. 这一季节看见11月10日的不祥破晓。 在这个季节，11月10日黎明时分的景象是个不祥之兆。 2.The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket. （The Outstation by W. Somerset Maugham） 他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。 气候变化 ，他仅
2、稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。 这样（热）的天气，他仅稍作变通，穿一件白色短礼服宴请宾客。,3.He accused her of talking childish nonsense not very fluttering to the intelligence of her audience. 他责备她讲了一些对听众的智慧颇有不恭敬之处的幼稚的废话。 他责备她讲了一些幼稚的废话，把听众当傻瓜看。 4.The idea grew with him as he grew into manhood. 那个思想随着他长大成人而成熟了。 他成年了，而他的想法也随之成熟了。,Divisio
3、n,In translation, we may divide the original sentence into two or more parts by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “hard nuts to crack” and making them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate.,In division, we have to determine where to divide, how
4、 to divide, what the subject or the predicate of the new clause or sentence should be, and how to rearrange various parts of the original sentence.,英语的句法连绵，一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成，讲究一气呵成，几乎不容读者喘息机会。汉语句法短促，从容不迫。英汉翻译中最重要的手段就是拆译，翻译即拆译，即在译文中将原文打破重组，或抽词拆译、或抽短语词组拆译，否则，英文里读起来流畅自然的句子，如照搬进中文，就会变成“上下三十六根牙齿嚼不
5、烂”（叶圣陶语）的“翻译腔”。,i Picking Out of Words,Three steps to deal with such words:Determine which words to pick out; Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected; Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of expression.,The sailors swarme
6、d into a laughing, cheering ring around the two men. 水兵们蜂拥成又欢又笑的圆圈，把这两个人围了起来。 水兵们欢欢笑笑，蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起来。Your sister-in-law is a nice pretty woman? 你的嫂子大概很漂亮，为人也不错，是不是？,He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten. 他提醒我那些不提起或许会忘记的事。 他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。They relentlessly tear at the flowers the
7、y see. 他们无情地摘他们所看到的花。 他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。,ii Picking Out of Phrases,The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind. 顷刻之间，滚滚的浊水像堵墙一般压了下来，一股脑儿连人带车都给冲走了。这情景，直到现在还印在我的脑海里。Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high
8、 above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River. 我们不知不觉朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的洛杉矶河水滚滚流过。,iii Splitting of Complex Sentences,i) Separate the Adjective Clause from the Main Clause Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. 大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着节日服装的孩子正在
9、街上玩球。 This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. 就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。,ii) Translate adjective clause into Chinese subordinate (adverbial) clause The enemy decided to send an envoy, who was to sue for peace. 敌
10、人决定派一个使者，（以便）前来求和。A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed. 气体不管装在什么容器里，都会把容器填满。,iii) Separate Other Clauses from the Main Clause,It is a familiar fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself. 自然界任何物体的运动都不会自行开始或自行停止，这是人所共知的事实。,C-E translation,Combination 一、
11、 连接词并句：对几个句子从意思上一起分析，把逻辑上有关系的几个句子合起来。 1.它是一所贵族学校。按理说，学生在政治上应该是保守的。 It was an upper class institution whose students normally should have been political conservatives. 2. 西部地域辽阔，交通不发达，首先要进行基础设施的建设。 Since the western region covers a vast area with poor transport facilities, we should first of all cond
12、uct infrastructure instructions.,3. 但是当时日军侵占华北，而内战依然不断。在全国危机日益加深的情况下，激进主义思潮开始在校园蔓延。 But as the national crisis deepened when the long-standing civil war merged with Japans conquest in the North, a wave of radicalism began to spread there. 4. 演员们克服道具多、行李重的困难，乘飞机、坐大巴，长途跋涉了整整一天，来到了安塔利亚。 Overcoming the
13、difficulties in carrying numerous stage properties and heavy luggage, they made a long, tiring journey for a whole day by air and then by bus until they reached Antalya.,二、非连接词并句 副词并句 (1)我们中国人为神州八号而骄傲，这是理所当然的。We Chinese are justifiably proud of Shenzhou VIII. (2)大概四川人好久没有看到过外国人了，所以我游泳时，旁边来了一大群好奇的观众。
14、而单凭我的游泳技术，是不配引来这么多人来看的。So I swam, presumably because of the long distance of foreigners from Sichuan, before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience. (3)当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。 At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors. (4) 从地理上看，中国的西部高于东部。Geographically, Chinas
15、 western part is higher than the eastern part.,(5)从海岸线延伸入海数英里至数百里不等，是坡度徐缓的大陆架斜坡。就地质上来说，它属于大陆的一部分。 From the short-line out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to few hundred miles runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents. (6) 曾作为北京主要水源的密云水库水
16、位已经很低，面临危机。 The Miyun Reservoir, source of much of the citys water in the past is critically low. (7) 在特殊情况下，市土地局根据社会公共利益的需要，可以以法定程序予以收回。 译文1：Under special circumstances, the Land Bureau may, acting in the interest of the public and in accordance with the lawful procedure, take back the land use rig
17、hts. 译文2：Under special circumstances, the Land Bureau may, in the pubic interest, legally take back the land use rights.,2. 形容词并句 (1)重复建设比较严重，造成了一些浪费。 译文1：Duplicate construction was prevalent and caused waste. 译文2：There was much wasteful duplicate construction. (2)这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展飞快，使人感到惊讶不已。This smal
18、l factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed. (3) 世界上矛盾多得很，大得很，一些深刻的矛盾刚刚暴露出来。 译文1：There are so many contradictions in the world and so many serious ones. Some deep-seated ones have only recently surfaced. 译文2：In this world there are plenty of complicated cont
19、radictions, and some deep-seated ones have just come to light.,3.介词并句 (1)浦东新区的发展与进一步开放产生了积极的影响，推动了经济发展。 译文1：The development and further opening of the Pudong New Area has produced a positive influence and promoted economic growth. 译文2：The development and further opening of the Pudong New Area has pr
20、oduced a positive influence on economic growth. (2)我有一条出乎意料的好消息，现在要告诉你。 译文1: I have a surprising piece of news, and I want to tell you about it. 译文2: I have a surprising piece of news, which I will tell you. 译文3: I have a surprising piece of news for you. 译文4: I have a surprise for you.,4. 分词并句 (1)
21、允许美国战俘接受红十字会的食品包裹，允许他们写信，但信要经过审查。 American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters. (2) 他猛然倒在一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响。 He crashed down on a protesting chair.,5. 名词词组并句 (1)这个国家的种族歧视无所不在，是困扰它的严重社会问题。 译文1：Racial discrimination is widespread in the country, and this h
22、as seriously plagued it. 译文2：Widespread racial discrimination has seriously plagued the country. (2)这个超级大国如此粗暴而又随意地使用军事力量打击他国，使其称霸世界的野心暴露无遗。 译文1：The superpowers brutal and wanton use of force against another country has clearly shown its ambition to dominate the world. 译文2：The superpower has clearly
23、 shown its ambition to dominate the world through its brutal and wanton use of force against another country.,C-E translation,Division (1)在元朝时期，杭州成为东南重镇，经济繁荣，风景优美，意大利旅行家马可波罗赞叹为“世界上最美丽华贵的天城” 。 During the Yuan Dynasty, Hangzhou was established as a town of strategic importance in southeast China, with
24、 a flourishing economy and beautiful scenery, being, in the words of the Italian traveler Marco Polo, the “most beautiful and luxurious city in the world.”,(2) 浦东新区1990年的国内生产总值约为60亿元，1999年达到800亿元，年均递增20%左右，呈现出良好的经济增长结构。 Pudongs GDP for 1990 was only about 6 billion yuan, but rose to 80 billion yuan
25、in 1999, with an average annual growth of approximately 20 percent. This indicates a good economic structure.,(3) 抓住当前粮食等农产品相对充裕的有利时机，采取“退耕还林（草）、封山绿化、以粮代赈、个体承包”的综合性措施，以粮换林换草。 We must make full use of the favorable situation in which China has now a fairly abundant supply of grain and other agricultu
26、ral produce. By taking a series of measures such as returning cultivated land to forests and grassland, closing off hillsides for afforestation, relieving disaster-stricken people with grain, and individual contracting for afforestation, we can achieve the aim of substituting forests and pastures fo
27、r grain.,(4) 东方明珠光彩夺目的上球体直径为45米，其观光层高达263米，是鸟瞰全市景色的最佳处所，当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山，金山，崇明岛隐隐可见，真有“登泰山而小天下”之感。 As high as 263 meters above the city and located in the 45-meter-in-diameter radiant upper sphere, the observation deck makes it the best place to get a birds-eye view of the whole city. On a day of gent
28、le breeze and bright sun, standing on it, one can see the hazy outline of Mt. Sheshan, Mt. Jinshan and the Chongming Island in the distance, with the feeling that the world is belittled.,(5) 世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。 Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy. Consequently they lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation. With a decline in living standards, widespread layoff and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.,
