1、“四级四选一传统阅读” 解体思路分析,新四级题型、分值、时间一览表,新四级各题型分值分布： 听力：35% 共248.5 35道题 平均每题7.1分听力对话15%，听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解， 听力短文：选择题型的短文理解（10%）和复合式听写 （ 10% ） 阅读 共计 35% 共248.5 快速阅读： 10% 71分 平均每题7.1分 篇章词汇理解（15选10） 5% 35.5分 平均每题3.55分 两篇传统阅读： 20% 142分 平均每题14.2分 完形10% 共71分 平均每题7.1分 写作加翻译：共142分 翻译5% 共35.5 平均每题7.1分 写作15% 106.5
2、,各院系通过率一览（待完善）,各题型得分统计（待完善）,篇章阅读四选一, 阅读习惯：1 浏览：首段、段落首句、末段2 看题，细节题优先 两大原则：1 定位原则： 题目顺序与原文行文相对应原文与题干表达对应部分作路标2 替换原则：对应性同义替换（广谱性原则，极其重要）取反性同义替换解释性同义替换归纳性同义替换,对应性同义替换The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into posit
3、ive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking? （2010.6） Q: What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A) It is a highly profitable industry. B) It is based on the concept of positive thin
4、king. C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D) It has yielded positive results., showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre just underlining hi
5、s faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.（2010.6） 64. What does the author
6、 mean by “ youre just underlining his faults“ (Line 4, Para. 3)? A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed. You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent. You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.,取反性同义替换,Moral d
7、ecline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought. Q: According to this paragraph, the current moral decline may be reversed _. if people can return to the “golden Age” w
8、hen women and men enjoy equal rights. when people rid themselves of prejudice. if less emphasis is laid on material things.,归纳性同义替换 1 Apple, orange, and banana are his favorite. 2 He loves to eat some kinds of fruit. 解释性同义转换 1 In 1993， New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage co
9、ntainers. 2 Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.,重要信息的位置,1.以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息： The main / important point / conclusion / reason. The point to note here 2.but 和 however表示对比，常常用来提示重要信息，例 The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, bu
10、t to a sharp decline in the death rate. 3.在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案，提示读者答案中有重要信息，例如： Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood. 4.有时，为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点，作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点，例如： Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the dea
11、th rate can be cut without anything else changing.,出题点与定位点(1),因果关系 送分题目： 显性：because, the reason is, so, thereforeThat was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device
12、was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane the area least subject to impact from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). 59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A) New materials became available by that time. B) Too much space was needed for its installation. C) Th
13、e early models often got damaged in the crash. D) The early models didnt provide the needed data.,出题点与点位点 (2),隐性因果关系： 1 不定式to do, 或 since, as, for The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. 59
14、. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane. B) To caution people to handle them with care. C) To make them easily identifiable. D) To conform to international standards.,出题点与点位点 (3),隐性因果关系： 2 动词（词组）
15、： spring from, lead to, account for, on account of, stem from, attribute to, contribute to, give birth to, originate from, produce, derive from, breed(孕育）, generate, result in, induce (导致），conduce to (有助于） for hosts and guests, casual dining means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine c
16、hina in Britain, it spells economic hard times. 31. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _ Bankruptcy of fine china manufactures. Shrinking of the pottery industry Restructuring of large enterprises Economic recession in Great Britain,出题点与定位点（4）,转折关系出题处：however, but, yet, nevertheless, on
17、the contrary， in fact 特点：正确信息在转折之后，题干定位在转折之前，但答案 在转折之后。 特殊标点符号出题处：破折号、括号和冒号 例证与观点出题处，比喻处（六级）：分清是作者自己的观点，还是作者对别人的观点的理解。,English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to ge
18、t a job in business, but having language skills gives a Candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. 24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?A) Connections with businesses overseas. B) Ability to spe
19、ak the clients language. C) Technical know-how. D) Business experience.,主旨型出题形式,原则： 放在最后作答， 避免文章的局部细节。 1 主题型：main idea/subject/theme/pointmainly discussesmainly/primarily concernwhich of the following best describes this passage as a whole? 2 标题型： best titlethe title that best expresses the theme of
20、 this passage 3 目的型： the purpose of the writer in writing this passage is tothe passage is meant to Whats the author trying to tell us?Whats the message the author intends to convey?,作者态度题,attitude， tone 潜在判断： 1 加入形容词定语A) His words were few. B) His interesting words were few.2 加入副词状语He successfully
21、makes the travel plan.They speak clumsily.3 特殊动词 fail, ignore, overestimate,Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is
22、 here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. 25. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos? A. Enthusiastic B. Pessimistic C. Optimistic D. Cautious,错误选项特征,1 含义肯定、绝对的一般不是答案；绝对：must，always，never, the most，all, only, sole, e
23、ntirely, every, absolutely, totally相对：may, usually, might, most，more or less，relatively，be likely to，nearly，possibly, not enough, suggest, seem, part，partial，some (someone，somebody, sometime, something, certain 2 与定位点意思相反或未提及信息； 3 提及但不是定位点的信息； 4 夸大文章的结论，抑或将文章的结论具体化； 5 原文的假设，预测，猜测，推断，或发现等，选项当成了既成事实。,
24、Psychiatrists who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearingolder people are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited fina
25、ncial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. 36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing? A. Older parents are often better prepared financially. B. Older parents can take better care of their children. C. Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children. D. Older parents can better balance their resources against childrens demands.,
