1、雅思写作,By Cindy,雅思写作介绍,IELTS WRITING,第一讲 雅思写作介绍,基本内容应试要求解读评分标准应试技巧写作误区,1.基本内容,分类:Academic 和General Training 内容:Task1: 要求150字 , 时间20分钟 Task2: 要求250字,时间40分钟,雅思A类写作部分:全部1小时时间,分2大单元(Task 1&Task 2):(Task 1)通常考题以图片、表格坐标、曲线图为基本形式,考生根据所给的资料,写出150个字以上的文章来叙述主题,组织并探讨主题,提出比较支持的论点。,雅思G类的(Task 1)考生多以写一封信来应对考题中所给予的模
2、拟状况或问题。(Task 2) A类与G类非常类似,考生就考题的主题,用250字详加发表意见,通常考生被要求用几种方式之一来做为架构解决问题、表达自己的意见、支持或争辩考题所给予的讯息 。,2.考试要求,考生需将雅思写作写在答卷上,别小看这一点,有很多考生因为紧张等原因,直接写在试卷上,是不能拿分的。 考生的雅思写作字数如果达不到最低要求将被扣分。 考生的雅思写作文章内容如果被考官认定是偏题或者跑题将被扣分。 雅思写作考试中,任何抄袭(如抄袭其他来源的内容)的作文将被重扣。 雅思写作文章如果不完整、内容相互没有关联将被扣分(如在任何部分使用点句或笔记形式)。,3.评分标准,官方公布的评分标准,
3、具体如下:,Task 1和Task 2的评分标准只有第一条(任务完成情况)不同,由于Task 1考查的是图表作文,所以要比Task 2要少一项任务,就是不需要有作者的立场(Position)。 除此之外,两个任务都需要有具体的内容和合理的结构、良好的连贯性和衔接性、丰富的词汇资源以及语法的多样性和准确性。,4.应试技巧,任务完成情况 内容(content)是否切题 立场(position)是否鲜明并得到有效阐释 结构(structure)是否有逻辑性,切题:关键在于审题时要找准题目的主题(topic)以及针对该主题所提出的问题(topic questions)。一般来说,主题就是题目中反复出现
4、或主句中充当主语的或宾语的名词以及名词短语,而问句则通常就是我们要讨论的要点,如果要点理解有误或漏掉某个要点,则都属于没有切题。 Example: With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,立场:要做到鲜明并得到有效阐释. topic sentence(主题句) mai
5、n ideas(论点) supporting points(论据) 主题句通常放在文章的首段,开门见山地表明你的立场,主题句只能有一个;论点放在中间段的首句,让读者一目了然,论点应该有两个以上,否则论证就不充分;论据包括evidence(证据)、examples(例子)等,放在论点后面,每个论点都应该有论据作支撑,否则就会显得论据不足。,结构:合理的文章结构通常由三大部分组成,即引言(introduction)、主体(body)和结论(conclusion),写4-5段比较合理。引言要涵盖主题、写作任务和主题句,主体则要包括足够的论点和论据,结论可以重申观点、提出建议或展望未来。,连贯与衔接,
6、文章的连贯性主要体现在段落与段落之间,句子与句子之间。 段落之间的”启”、”承”、”转”、”合”可通过表顺序的过渡词完成 。 Examples:表示开始:first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。,表示承接:besides, further more, in addition, moreover, whats more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in
7、the same way等。表示转折:however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。表示结论:in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。,句子之间的逻辑关系也要通过一些逻辑连词来完成.,Examples:表示原因:because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a conseque
8、nce等。表达观点:in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned 等。,举例说明:for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。 表示让步:although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless
9、of等 。,词汇资源,词汇的准确表达可以通过两个方面达到,一是在用词的难度上拔高,二是在近义词的多种表达上提升 。 譬如要描述一个好人,很多同学首先想到的形容词就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等词,而这些词往往很难出彩,因为描述太过于抽象,如果能用到诸如ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之类的词就很具体了。,语法的多样性和准确性,句子结构的准确性和丰富性 句子的长度和复杂性 用语的逻辑性和正式性,句子结构的准确性涉及主谓一致、句子平衡性等。,Example:1.T
10、he main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 2. In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters.,句子结构的丰富性,Examples: I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing an
11、d dancing. 改为:I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, Id prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.,句子的长度和难度,长短句结合为佳 短句变长句:善用连词。 Example:Living off campus is excit
12、ing. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 改为:Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.,用语的正式性和严谨性,Examples: 1.Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 改为:Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities. 2. People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 改为:It is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.,5.写作误区,10大恶习 词汇不够无能为力 选词彪悍过犹不及 语法不精身不由己 逻辑不强缺乏条理 随便说说匆匆收笔,单边论证失去底气 因小失大不重全局 提前完成兴奋不已 只管主流情非得已 盲目自信不做练习,