1、大学英语B级考试,词汇与结构辅导1,题型与考点分析,词汇与结构题主要测试考生运用词汇，短语，及语法知识的能力 ，分选择题和填空题两部分。 通过近五年的真题分析，词汇部分的考点主要集中在：a. 词义辨析含固定词组的意义辨析 (占21%)b.词性转换 （21%）c.固定搭配/短语（8% ）d.形容词、副词比较级和最高级（5%）,题型与考点分析,语法部分的考点主要集中在以下几个方面：a.虚拟语气(6%)b.非谓语动词（13.5%）c.时态和语态（11.5%）d.各类从句（9%）e.倒装句、强调句和感叹句（3%）f. 主谓一致（2%）,词义辨析解题指导,词义辨析在B级考试中是一个必考项目，而且比重不小
2、。解答这类题型时，必须牢记一点：结合上下文语境，确定空白处所需的单词或短语的含义和词性，再从选项出发，辨析各选项的细微差别，从而选出最佳答案。,真题汇编： 1.Peter will _ the job as Sales Manager when John retires A) put away B) take over C) work out D) make up(2010/6) 答案( B) 本题考查动词词组的用法。四个选项中只有take over 可与sales manager搭配，表示“接任、接管某项职务或工作”。 2.The general manager has promised t
3、o _ the matter in person(2010/6) A) get up B) look into C) see off D) put on 答案( B) 本题考查动词短语的意义。Look into意为“调查（问题或罪行）”,3. How much does it _ to take the online training course? A) cost B) give C) pay D) spend (2009/12) 答案：A 本题考查近义词的用法。“某物花费多少钱”使用sth. costs some money 4.Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but
4、he has given it up recently. (2009/12) A) immediately B) roughly C) heavily D) completely 答案：C 本题考查副词词义的辨别. 5. Please call me back _ you see this message. (2009/12) A) as well as B) as early as C) as far as D) as soon as 答案：D 本题主要区分形近短语的意思。As soon as 意为“一.就”,6.We havent enough rooms for everyone, so
5、 some of you will have to _ a room. (2009/12) A) share B) stay C) spare D) live 答案：A 本题考查动词词义的辨别。 7. If you want to join the club , youll have to _ this form first. A) put up B) try out C) fill in D) set up (2009/12) 答案:C 本题考查动词短语的意义辨析。Fill in 的意思是“填充，填写” 8.If you have three years work experience，yo
6、u will be the right _ for this job.(2009/6) A) person B) passenger C) tourist D) customer 答案：A 考查名词的词义。,9.Jack called the airline to _his flight to Beijing this morning. (2009/6) A) improve B) believe C) confirm D) insure 答案：C 考查动词词义与用法。 Confirm意为“确认”。 10.While traveling in France, he _some everyday
7、 French. A) gave up B) picked up C) drew up D) got up (2009/6) 答案：考查动词词组的辨义。Pick up 有“学习”之意。 11. The department manager _ a new plan to promote sales at the meeting. （2008、6） took away B) put forward C) looked after D) got on 答案 B 根据题意是“提出新计划的意思”，put forward 即为“提出的意思”。,12.When dealing with a _ task,
8、 Alice always asks for help from people around her. (2008/6) A) difficult B) wonderful C) funny D) simple 答案 A .考查词意，是一道逻辑判断题。 13.Soft drink sales in this city have _ by 8% compared with last year. (2008/6) A) picked B) moved C) increased D) pushed 答案 C .考查词意，是一道逻辑判断题。 14.To obtain a visa to enter t
9、hat country for the first time, you need to apply _. (2008/6) A) in part B) in person C) in turn D) in place 答案 B “in person”表示“亲自”的意思，符合题意。,15.I _my former manager when I was on a flight to Beijing. (2007/12) A) ran into B) took away C) put on D) shut down 答案 A 考查动词词组的意思，选项A (偶遇)符合题意 16.The house w
10、as sold for$60000, which is far more than its real_. (2007/12) A) money B) payment C) value D) profit 答案 C 考查近义词的辨析，value 意为“价值”，符合题意。 17.The work seemed easy at first but it _to be quite difficult. A) broke out B) turned out C) worked out D) set out (2007/12) 答案B 考查对固定词组的掌握。选项B （结果是）符合题意。,18.The sm
11、all company is _to handle this large order.(2007/12) A) able B) probable C) reasonable D) possible 答案A 考查形容词词义的辨析，选项A 能使句子意义通顺。 19. In his report of the accident he _some important details. A) missed B) wasted C) escaped D) failed (2007/6)答案A 考查词义辨析，选项A（遗漏）符合逻辑。 20.Were going to _the task that we ha
12、vent finished. (2007/6) A) take away B) carry on C) get onto D) keep off 答案 B 考查动词短语的词义，选项B（继续做）符合题意。 She gave up her _as a reporter at the age of 25.A) career B) interest C) life D) habit 答案 A 考查名词词义，选项A “职业”,23.Time _very fast and a new year will begin soon. (2007/6) A) takes off B) goes by C) pul
13、ls up D) gets along 答案B考查动词短语的词义，选项B（时间逝去）符合题意。 24.This new style of sports shoes is very popular and it is _in all sizes. (2007/6) A) important B) active C) available D) famous 答案C 考查形容词词义辨析，根据句意，选项C 符合句意 25. It is the general manager who makes the_decisions in business.(2006/12) beginning B) finis
14、hing C) first D) final 答案D.本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意和逻辑，总经理有最终决定权.,26. If the machine should_, call this number immediately.(2006/12) put on B) set out C) break down D) go up 答案是A,本题考查动词短语。 27.The sales department is required to_ a plan in three weeks. A) turn up B) get up C) come up with D) put up with .(20
15、06/12) 答案是C。本题考查动词短语。选项C “come up with 提出，拿出”与题干的“a plan一项计划”搭配，表示“提出计划” 28.All the traveling _are paid by the company if you travel on business. (2006/12 ) A) charges B) money C) prices D) expenses 答案是D。本题考查学生对词汇意义的掌握。根据题意逻辑判断，公司会负担所有的旅行费用，而expenses意思是费用、开支.,29.Sorry，we can not _ you the job becaus
16、e you dont have any work experience. (2006/12) A) make B) send C) offer D) prepare本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意和逻辑，总经理有最终决定权，所以D. final （最后的，最终的，决定性的）是正确答案,固定搭配/短语解题指导,这一块内容需要大家平时多注意积累和记忆，别无他法： 真题汇编： 2010年6月 1.I am sorry，but I have a question to _ you A) treat B) influence C) ask D) change 答案( C ) 本题考查动词与名词的搭配。注
17、意双宾语结构ask sb. a question。,2.If you move，you must inform us _ the change of you address. A) with B) for C) in D) of 答案(D) 本题考查介词与动词的搭配。Inform sb. of sth. 意为“告诉某人某事”。 3.Dont _ me to help you if you are not working hard) A) guess B) speak C) plan D) expect 答案( D) 本题考查的是动词搭配。 “expect sb. to do”搭配使用，意为“期
18、望某人做某事”。,2009年12月 4.If you need more information, please contact us _ telephone or email. A) in B) by C) on D) for 答案：B 本题考查介词的用法。 By telephone or email 2009年6月 5.Youd better _advice before making a project plan. A) put down B) take in C) turn out D) ask for 答案：D 考查动词习惯搭配的用法。Ask for advice 为习惯搭配。 6.
19、What are the essential differences _ selling and marketing? A) between B) from C) among D) for 答案：A 考查与differences搭配的介词。Difference betweenand 表示“与之间的区别”,2008年6月 7. _ our great surprise, the new secretary can speak four foreign languages. A) Of B) In C) To D) For 答案 C “to ones surprise” 是一个固定短语 8.Ple
20、ase keep a detailed _ of the work that you have done. A) paper B) idea C) exercise D) record 答案 D “ keep a record ” 是一个固定短语 2007年12月 9.It suddenly occurred to me that we could _the police for help. A) ask B) look C) tell D) meet 答案 A 考查动词固定搭配 “ask sb for help”,10.Many companies provide their employe
21、es _free lunch during the weekdays. A)by B) with C) to D) for 答案 B 考查动词词组, “ provide sb. with sth.” /provide sth for sb 11.The work seemed easy at first but it _to be quite difficult. A) broke out B) turned out C) worked out D) set out 答案B 考查对固定词组的掌握。Turn out to be即为“结果是”之意。,词性转换解题指导,词性转换在填空题中可谓是江山半
22、壁。做这类题可以采取以下步骤：1. 判断所给词的词性和词义2.通读整个句子，确定句中所需词的词性a. 修饰形容词，动词和句子的需用副词b. 修饰名词的一般用形容词c. 系动词后一般用形容词作表语d.句子的主语和宾语一般用名词或代词，谓语用动词,真题汇编： 2010年12月 1.Thomas was cheerful and (help) _ ，and we soon became good friends 答案helpful ，本題考查的是形容词做表语的用法。 2.The past decade has seen great economic (develop) _ in this count
23、ry. 答案development此题考查的是名词做宾语的用法。 3.While this new law does not (direct) _ affect the quality of work，it will greatly benefit employees 答案directly此题考查副词的用法。副词可以用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。,4.In China，it is quite (nature) _ for people to go back home for the Spring Festival. 答案natural。本题考查形容词的用法。常用结构：it is + adj. +
24、 for sb to do sth. 2009年12月 5. What a (wonder) _ party it was! I enjoyed every minute of it. 答案：wonderful 本题考查名词与形容词的转换。修饰名词用形容词。 6The manager has promised that she will deal with the matter (immediate) _. 答案：immediately 本题考查形容词与副词的转换。修饰句子用副词。,7.Today email has become an important means of (communic
25、ate) _ in daily life. 答案：communication 本题考查动词与名词的转换。 8. The visitors were (disappoint) _ to find the museum closed when they rushed there. 答案： disappointed 本题考查动词转换为形容词。 9.Because of the (improve) _ in the road conditions, there have been fewer accidents recently. 答案： improvement(s) /improving 本题考查动
26、词转换为名词。,2009年6月 10.It is reported that the sports meet was (successful) _ organized. 答案：successfully 考查形容词与副词的转换. 11.The job pays well and you get a 20 - day holiday a year, its certainly an (attract) _offer. 答案：attractive 考查动词和形容词的转换。 12.Because man people will come to the meeting, we need some (ad
27、dition) _ chairs. 答案： additional 考查名词与形容词的转换。 13. The course is designed to provide a general introduction to computers and(practice)_skills training. 答案：practical 此处空格应为形容词。,2008年6月 14.My impression is that the sales of this company have (great) _ increased this year.答案 greatly 考查词性转换。 修饰句子、动词、和形容词
28、要用副词。 15.Tom has made the (decide) _ to apply for a job in the company. 答案 decision 空格钱的 “the” 提醒我们要用名词。 16.Although you may not (success) _ in the beginning, you should keep on trying. 答案 succeed 考查词性转换 may 是情态动词，后面应跟动词原形。 17.This medicine is highly (effect) _ in treating skin cancer if it is appli
29、ed early enough. 答案 effective 考查词性转换，句子动词是“is”，表语就用形容词。,2007年12月 18.Although the small town has been changing slowly, it looks quite (difference) _from what it was.答案 different 考查系表结构，即系动词、半系动词后，需加形容词作表语。 19.The small village has become (wide) _known in recent years for its silk exports. 答案 widely 考
30、查词性转换， 修饰句子、动词、和形容词要用副词。 20The fast (develop) _of the local economy has caused serious water pollution in this region. 答案 development考查词性转换，根据fast 和介词of可知，留白处需要填入名词。 21.Miss Li was (luck) _enough to get the opportunity to work in that worldfamous company. 答案 lucky 考查词性转换，掌握固定用法“be+形容词+enough to do ”
31、,2007年6月 22. She managed to settle the argument in a(friend) _way. 答案 friendly 修饰名词用形容词。 23.You should send me the report on the program(immediate) _. 答案 immediately 修饰句子、动词、和形容词要用副词。 24.The new flexible working time system will enable the(employ) _to work more efficiently. 答案 employees 考查固定词组和词性转换，
32、“enable sb to do” 故空格处需填入employ的名词。 25. III put forward my(suggest) _now so that he can have time to consider it before the meeting. 答案 suggestion 考查词性转换，put forward后应接名词，构成动宾搭配。,2006年12月 26.Nurses should treat the sick and wounded with great (kind) _. 答案 kindness，介词“with”后应接名词构成介宾结构。 27. (Personal)
33、 _，I think he is a very nice partner，though you may not agree. 答案 Personally 修饰整个句子 需用副词。 28.His efforts to improve the sales of this product have been very (help) _. 答案 helpful 因为“be”动词后面接形容词或名词构成系表结构 29.We have to find new ways to (short) _the process of production. 答案 shorten 动词不定时后应加动词原形，而“short
34、”的动词形式是“shorten”。,形容词、副词比较级和最高级,从五年的真题来看，这块内容在每次的考试都有出现，但题量不大 1题/年。考点主要集中在：a. 比较级+than （单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er，其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most. ）b. 句型 “the +比较级, the+比较级 ”c.最高级（单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-est ；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加most ）,不规则变化good (well)-better-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-most little-less-leastfar-fa
35、rther(更远）/further（程度更深）-farthest/furthest old-older（比年龄大）/elder（年长的，做定语）-oldest/eldest,真题汇编： 1. Gas prices are (high) _ here than in other parts of the country 答案higher 本题考查是比较级的用法。句中的than是比较级的标志。 2.The film turned out to be (successful) _ than we had expected. 答案：more successful 本题考查形容词的比较级。 3.Some
36、 people think (much)_about their rights than about their duties. 答案：more 考查比较级的用法。句中的than是比较级的标志。,4. Because light travels (fast) _ than sound, lightning is seen before thunder (雷) is heard. 答案 faster 考查比较级，空格后的“than”提示我们用比较级。 5.The(late) _model of the racing car will be on display at the exhibition
37、 this week. 答案 latest 考查形容词的最高级。这里用最高级才能使句意通顺。 6.The more careful you are，the(well) _you will be able to complete the work. 答案 better 考查固定句型 “the +比较级, the+比较级 ”7.It is a fact that traditional meals are (healthy) _than fast foods. 答案 healthier / more healthy，空格后的“than”提示我们用比较级。,虚拟语气考点梳理,一、If 条件状语虚拟语
38、气a. 同现在事实相反的假设: 条件从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式，(如果谓语动词是系动词，要用were），主句的谓语动词用would (should, could, might)+动词原形。例如：If I were you, I would go abroad. b.同过去事实相反的假设: 条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句的谓语用would (should, could, might) +have done, 例如：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.,虚拟语气,c.表示对将来的假想: 条件从句的谓语动词用should +
39、动词原形，或were to +动词原形，主句的谓语动词用would (should, could, might)+动词原形，例如：If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。例如：Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.,虚拟语气,二、主语从句中的虚拟
40、语气 1）“ It is +形容词+ that” 结构中主语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些形容词一般表示“应当，必须，惊奇，重要”等意思，主要有：essential, important, necessary, vital, desirable, imperative, advisable, surprising, incredible , obligatory, better, preferable, 等，例如：It is necessary that everyone keep a secret.或 It is necessary
41、 that everyone should keep a secret.,虚拟语气,2)“ It is +动词的过去分词+that从句”，谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些动词一般表示“要求，命令，建议等”有：require, demand, request, desire, suggest, recommend, order, decide, propose等，例如：It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.,虚拟语气,3)“ It is +名词+that从句”，从句中的谓
42、语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些名词有，a pity, a shame, no wonder等，例如：It is a pity that you should fail in the examination.,虚拟语气,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气： 1) 在表示命令、建议、要求,请求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语中的动词用“should+动词原形”或将should省略，直接用动词原形。这些动词常见的有：order, demand, desire, request, demand, require, insist, propo
43、se, suggestrecommend, advise, move, ask, maintain, urge等，例如：The doctor suggested that she not smoke.,虚拟语气,2）动词wish后的宾语从句，表示与事实相反的情况或不太可能实现的愿望，如果表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式；如果与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果与将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形” 例如：She wished she had not said it.,虚拟语气,四、同位语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气在表示“建议，计划，命
44、令，要求”等含义的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中要求用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形或省略should 直接用动词原形，这些名词主要有：demand ,desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, suggestion, necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea, proposal, request, command, importance, recommendation等，例如：His suggestion is that you should attend the meeting.,虚
45、拟语气,五、其他需要使用虚拟语气的句式 1）would rather 后可以用动词原形表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“have done”表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather go shopping tomorrow than today.Would rather后接从句时，如果表示与将来事实相反对愿望，从句中用动词过去式；表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用动词的过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用动词的过去完成式,虚拟语气,2)“ It is high/about time +that从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词一般用动词的一般过去式。例如：It is high time tha
46、t we began to work. 3) as if, as though,引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中， 以及if only引导的句子，其动词形式与wish宾语从句中的形式相同，例如：She loves the students as if they were her children.,虚拟语气,4） 在“in case, lest, for fear ”引导的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。You took the raincoat in case it should rain. 5) 含蓄虚拟结构: 含蓄虚拟条件句通常用supposing
47、, but for, but that, given，without, otherwise等词引出，例如：But for his help, I would not have completed the task.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气真题汇编 1If the engineer (come) _ here yesterday the problem would have been solved. (2010/6) 答案had come此题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。 2. The adviser recommended that Mary (start)_ the training program as soon as possible. (2009/6)答案：（should）start 考查动词recommend后宾语从句的宾语从句应为虚拟语气句。,虚拟语气,3.If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday, I _ to see you. (2008/6)A) will have come B) would have come C) have come D) had come 答案 B 考查If 引导的虚拟语气，从句用“had done”, 主句用“would have done”,
