1、大学英语(B)网考写作部分辅导,Guo Jinying Email: Dec. 10, 2011,考试大纲要求,分值: 15分字数: 不少于80字建议时间: 30分钟常见类型: 应用文/ 叙述文/ 说明文/议论文,作文评分标准,大学英语B的作文考试评卷原则是在整体评阅的基础上给出印象分，此印象分以奖励给分，不是按错扣分。 评分按档次进行，即1-3分，4-6分，7-9分，10-12分，13-15分五个档次。各个档次的具体描述如下： 13-15分：扣题，语言流畅，用词丰富，篇章结构感强，语法正确，只有个别小错。 10-12分：扣题，语言通顺，用词较丰富，段与段之间有较好的过渡，语法基本正确，有些
2、语病； 7-9分： 基本扣题，语言基本正确，用词有一定变化，文中错误较多，有个别为严重错误； 4-6分： 语言基本功差，文章中中国式英语表达居多，用词贫乏，语法错误相当多，有多处严重错误。 1-3分： 语言支离破碎，绝大部分句子无法理解，语言错误很多。,写作注意：,写作主题，不能离题 关联词的使用 注意语法的问题：主谓一致，时态一致 注意词汇和使用 字数不宜过多,句式不宜过复杂 切忌浑水摸鱼,蒙混过关,写作要求：,注意审题，语言上应言简意赅,主题明确 第一段要点题； 如果作文没有具体要求，也最好分为三段。 重视第一段、二、三段首句 不要有表达错误 注意句式多样性的变化 符合逻辑 完稿复查,写作
3、要求：,应用文如信件、通知等要遵循固定的格式。 句子第一个单词的第一个字母和专有名词的第一个字母需大写。 注意英文格式的标点符号(. ; : ! ? 等)；单词与单词、句子与句子之间只需一个空格，但一个完整的单词拼写要连贯，标点符号前不需空格。,写作方法：,背诵积累 多加练习 掌握真题（真题类型的作文要会写） 掌握各类型文章模版,应用文,1)常见类型: 信函/电子邮件/便条/明信片/通知2)注意格式,信函格式,日期（月日年） 称呼,开头正文结束语敬语，署名,信函格式,Sept. 21th, 2010 Dear XX, /Dear Sir or Madam, 称呼 - - Best wishes
4、! Looking forward to your coming/ early reply.结束语 yours 签名 XX,写信应注意的几个问题：,（1）日期写在右上角，年份必须是放在最后；如；2008年8月8日 August 8, 2008 August 8th, 2008 Aug. 8, 2008 Aug. 8th, 2008 （2）称呼应与左边线对齐，后面的标点一定是用逗号；称呼语如： Dear Tom, Dear All, Dear Sir, Dear Mr. Smith, （3）结束语Yours Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours Faithfully
5、, Faithfully yours, Yours Truly, Truly yours，第一个字母要大写，结束语后要用逗号 （4） 署名一般低于结束语一两行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始（注意：考生在答卷时不要使用自己的真实姓名）； （5）如果是要求写电子邮件，在前面所讲的基本格式前面还要加上以下内容： From: 任意一个电子邮箱地址 To:任意一个电子邮箱地址 Subject: Greetings / Invitation / Thanks ,常用语言举例：,称呼：Dear Sir/Dear Madam尊敬的先生女士 开头：Im writing to 我写这封信的目的是 信末：Looking
6、 forward to your reply 期待你的回复 信尾敬语：此致，注意位置，靠近中间位置正式文体：yours sincerely/yours truthfully非正式文体：love , best wishes, kind regards, all the best. 签名：注意位置，页面右下方,常用寒暄语：,I have received your letter. 来信已收到。 Havent seen/heard from you for a long time/ for ages. 很久没有见到你或很久没有收到你的来信了。 Long time no see. 好久不见。 How
7、are you? 安好？ How have you been? 近来可好？ How have you been doing? 近来可好？ Ive been doing well. 我很好。 Everythings fine with me. 一切尚好。 Things are going well here. 这里一切都好。 Congratulations on 祝贺 Thank you for 感谢,开头用语（写信主要意图）：,Im writing to 我写这封信是为了 Id like to tell you 我想告诉你 Ive got some problems. 我遇到了问题。 Coul
8、d you please 请问你可以吗? Would you like to 请你好吗? Do you mind 你介意做？ May I 我可以吗？ Could I 我可以吗？,结尾用语,Looking forward to hearing from you soon. 期待早日收到回信。 Id be very glad to hear from you soon. 如你能尽快回信，我将非常高兴。 Looking forward to your early reply.,祝福语,Regards. 致以问候。 Best wishes. 致以最好的祝愿。,写信或电子邮件(e-mail)简单模版,(
9、称呼) Dear Janet, /Dear Julie, /Dear Cathy, (开头) Im writing to tell you a piece of news that / I havent heard from you since graduation. / I havent heard from you since you leave the city./ I havent received your letter for a long time. (接下来) How are you? / I miss you very much since we say good bye t
10、o each other. / I hope everything is OK with you. (正文) (结尾) I will be very glad if you /I believe we will have a good time!,便条,便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素：1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名,求助类信件： Help Me Buy an English Dictionary,Aug.15th 2011 Dear Zhang Ming, How is everyth
11、ing getting along with you? Its almost half a year since we met last time. I miss you very much. Last time you said you got a new job. How is your new job？I am now busy preparing my English test. Learning English always makes me excited and full of energy. I appreciate a lot if you could help me buy
12、 an English dictionary which is only sold in Hangzhou as early as your convenience. I think it will help me improve my English a lot. Drop in when you are free. I really hope we can eat and chat round because I often think about the happy days we spent together when we were in college. Please let me
13、 know as soon as possible once you get the dictionary. My best regards.Yours truly Zhao Mei,邀请信：,发出邀请 说明事由 说明活动地点和时间 表示期待和感谢,邀请信模版：,Dec.19, 2010 Dear _, We should be very grateful if you could _. - - - We are looking forward to _.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,邀请信范文参考：,Dec.19, 2010 Dear Prof. Bill Gates, W
14、e should be very grateful if you could give a lecture on “American Literature” to students of the Foreign Language Department in our Lecture Hall of the Northern Campus on Friday, Dec.23. If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome. We have already had several very in
15、teresting talks, such as “Overview of American Education”, “The Customs and Language of social Interaction”, “The world Holidays”, by the distinguished visitors from different countries this semester, which are so interesting that the students hope to have more about that. We are looking forward to
16、the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,拒绝信:,你的朋友邀请你参加他/她的生日聚会，告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请。你应包括下列内容： 1.告诉对方你不能接受他/她的邀请； 2.对对方的邀请表示感谢； 3.说明无法接受邀请的原因。,范文参考：,Dear Li Ming: Congratulations on your coming birthday. Thanks for your invitation, but I am sorry/ I am afraid tha
17、t I am not able to attend your birthday party. You know, our company will hold an important meeting in our Paris branch to talk about the recent trouble appearing in business. I am the one who needs to make a presentation. I am terribly sorry for that. Anyway, I hope everything goes well in your bir
18、thday party. Remember to show me the pictures taken in the party when I come back from business trip. Best regards!Yours everXXX,感谢信 ：,你应邀到一位好友家吃晚饭。事后给朋友写信表示谢意。你的信应包括下列内容： 1.表达谢意； 2.表达想回请的意愿； 3.期待朋友的光临。,范文参考：,Dear Amy: Thanks for your invitation to your home last night. I enjoy the food very much. I
19、 will hold a small party to celebrate my birthday on November 12th, and I will invite a lot of friends to have dinner at my home, would you like to join us? Oh, there will also be a band to perform live music. I think it will be exciting to dance with the live music. Please be sure to come. I am loo
20、king forward to your coming. Yours XXX,感谢信模版：,留言:,用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。 题目:你的名字叫Tina, 今天是星期二你给你的朋友Li留言, 邀请她和她其他的几位朋友于下午5点到西南酒店6号房参加一个为庆祝春节举办的聚会.,范文参考：,Tuesday Dear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several othe
21、r friends of ours. Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Southwest Hotel?Yours always, Tina,请假条：,假如你叫张琳，你昨天（4月7日）在放学回家的路上发生了交通事故，你从自行车上摔下来，被好心人及时送到医院，医生叫你卧床休息三天。特此请假（ask for a sick leave） 要求： 1)根据以上内容向班主
22、任张老师写一张请假条。 2)以第一人称写，不能逐字翻译。 3)词数80左右,范文参考：,To: Mr./Mrs. Zhang From: Zhang Lin Date: April 7, 2008 Subject: note for sick leave Dear Mr. Zhang, I would like to know if I could ask for a sick leave for three days from April 8 to 10. On my way back home yesterday I fell down from the bicycle and hurt
23、myself. Its lucky that a kind man save me and sent me to a hospital. The doctor said that I need to rest three days. So I had to ask for a sick leave. I will try my best to review my study at home. Many thanks. Im looking forward to your kind reply./ I will be very grateful if you grant my leave. Yo
24、urs, Zhang Lin,抱怨、投诉信：,提出抱怨并表示遗憾 阐述问题发生的经过 指出问题引起的后果 提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施,抱怨、投诉信模版：,Dec.19, 2009 Dear _, I am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about _. _. This is rather annoying to me. _. What you choose to do with this piece of information is entirely up to you. I am looking
25、 forward to your early reply._.Sincerely yours,Li Ming,抱怨、投诉信范文参考：,Dec.19, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, I am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about the SONY walkman I have bought from your shop recently. Your sales assistant told me that I neednt question about its quality because SO
26、NY is a famous international brand. After I came back to school and tried to enjoy my favorite music with it, I couldnt hear anything through its earphones. I borrowed earphones from my roommate and this time I heard the sound very clearly. So I think there must be something wrong with the earphones
27、. This is rather annoying to me. I am a college student, and I must improve my English as quickly as possible. Thats why I bought the walkman. But Now I cannot use it to study as I planned. What you choose to do with this piece of information is entirely up to you. I am looking forward to your early
28、 reply. Otherwise, I would ask you to give me a refund, or I would complain to the Consumers Association.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,寻物启示,假如你是李明，遗失了一本书。你应包括下列内容： 1.书在哪里遗失的； 2.这本书对你很重要； 3.拾到者应该如何和你联系。 Dear All: I lost a book at 5 pm on April 6th in Room 320 of the teaching building. The title of the book
29、 is College English Grammar. This book is very important and helpful to me, for I am bad at grammar. The final examination is getting nearer and nearer and I am worried about my English exam very much. Anyone who finds the book please contact Li Ming on 13774336899. I will be very grateful to you an
30、d your kindness. I am looking forward to your calls.Li Ming,通知：,请按下列要求写一个通知 : 我们的英语老师将举行晚会，请全体同学参加 晚会时间：晚上六点，地点：在102教室。 请每一个同学准备唱一首英语歌曲或用英语讲一个笑话,参考范文(1)：,Great news for all of us! Our English teacher will hold an evening party and all students in the class are invited to take part in it. Please note
31、 the time and place of the party as follows: Time : 6 pm Place: Classroom 102 Heres a requirement for every student. Each of us is asked to prepare some programs. It can be an English song, or telling a joke in English or reading an English poem. Whatever you can think of! It doesnt matter whether y
32、ou are a good performer or not. It is just for fun!,参考范文(2),Notice To help students learn more about English and to improve our English studies to a new stage, an English evening party is to be held in Room 102 on Saturday Evening, April 5th, at 6:30. The program includes English songs, story-tellin
33、g and Jokes, etc All the students and teachers are warmly welcome. Please get ready and be on time. English Teaching GroupMar.28th, 2011,叙述文,记叙文通常要求描写一段经历、一件事或者描写个人情感、观感等。记叙文包括六大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果。这种作文经常用的是时间顺序法，即按照事情发展的先后顺序进行讲述。,写记叙文的时候注意以下几点：,1在记叙文的开头应该交代时间、地点和人物；事件和原因放在文章中叙述，结果要在文章结尾交代； 2在描写一件事
34、情、经历或讲故事时，注意选择细节。如果细节太多，读者会觉得乏味；细节太少，读者有时会不知所云。所以选择那些对主题有关的细节； 3可以用第一人称，也可以用第三人称； 4要特别注意叙述的时间着眼点。叙述过去的人和事要以过去时为基点；叙述现在的人和事要以现在时为基点。 5可适当使用一些表示事件发生的先后顺序的词语，是讲述更有条理性。,叙事顺序词汇：,事件先后顺序:首先/第一 first, 第二 second, 第三 third, 接着 next, 然后 then/after that, 最后 finally consequently“结果”，at last“最后”，明确时间顺序: 早上 In the
35、 morning, 下午 in the afternoon, 晚上 in the evening在2006年 in 2006 上周 last week, 上个月 last month, 去年 last year昨天 yesterday, 今天 today, 明天 tomorrow,叙事三要素：1.事件发生的时间和地点 2.人物 3.事件的经过,One morning last week, I ate breakfast in a small restaurant not far from my home. Unfortunately, I found that I did not have a
36、ny money with me. I had forgotten my wallet at home. I tried to explain this to the manager of the restaurant, but he did not believe me and wanted to call the police. I tried to call my wife, but she was not at home. Just then, I saw a former classmate walking past the restaurant, and I asked him t
37、o pay for my breakfast.,范文1.根据下面所给的题纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文,上星期天你打电话叫Jack和你去公园。在公园你们看见，你们玩得很高兴。 get up late; call; get to; many people; do exercise; read; lake; fly,范文1. Wonderful Sunday,Last Sunday, I got up late a bit than usual because its the weekend. I called my friend Jack and invited him to play wi
38、th me in the Peoples Park together. It was already about ten oclock when we got to the park. So many people were already there enjoying the sunshine. Some elderly people were doing exercises. Some young people were reading books on the green grass under the tree. In the distance some boys and girls
39、were rowing boats on the lake. Jack and I couldnt wait to begin flying our kite on the green grass under the sunshine. We all felt excited! We had a wonderful time that Sunday.,范文2. A Day to Remember,I will never forget the day on 25, July. 2006. On that day I became a father. On that day I have my
40、son whose nick name was called “Bean Bean“. And also on that day, my father became grandfather ( He said “Im old at least“ with great smile on his face and heart). I still remembered the time when my wife was going to move to the operation room, she cried, but till now I cant deeply understand the m
41、eaning of her crying, may be the exciting, may be the terror, may be the faith in the future, may be all above. Anyhow, I have my son at that time. I have my complete family at that time.,范文3. An Unforgettable Experience,Among many exam experiences, I still remember what happened in the final exam l
42、ast term.In the past I always felt nervous at the beginning of exams. And because of this, I never gave the best performance. But in the last final exam, when I got the paper, I was surprised to see some warm words on the paper, “Hi, everyone. Believe in yourself and you will do best. Good luck.“ Se
43、eing these words, the feeling of nervousness soon disappeared and I became confident. I did best that time. Ever since then, whenever I have exams, these simple but warm words always encourage me and make me feel confident.,范文4. Happy things in my childhood,Id like to tell you something about my chi
44、ldhood. When I was six years old, I was a lovely girl! One day, my father saw some fish in the river, so he asked me, “Why can fish only live in water?” I thought about it, then I gave him the answer, “Because there are some cats on the bank.” My father laughed when he heard that. Then he said, “You
45、 are smart!” I was happy to hear that. Maybe you will say, “Its a funny answer.” Now, I think, it is very interesting. And now I am smart. My parents love me very much. I am so happy to have that childhood.,范文5 : My Activities in Leisure Time 我的业余活动,I am a clerk in my local insurance company and mea
46、nwhile a distance education student. Job and study are always keeping me busy. But besides working and studying, I should also enjoy a good life in my leisure time. First of all, I spend about half of my leisure time listening to music. In this way, I can thoroughly relax myself both physically and
47、mentally so that I am able to study well in the future. Secondly, I consume part of my spare time by doing some exercises. Basketball is my favorite sports game. Jogging will keep me fit. Finally, reading is necessary. A good book can take me to a mysterious place where I have never been to. These a
48、re the major ways I spend my spare time. Of course, I wont forget “Time is money“. After my spare time, I will come to study or work right away.,范文6. My home VS My family VS My hometown,My Family我的一家 There are seven people in my family. Theyre my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, my two youn
49、ger brothers and I. My father is a businessman. Hes busy working everyday. My mother is a housewife. She cooks meals, washes clothes, and teaches us lessons everyday. One of my younger brothers is a junior high school student, and we go to the same school. My grandparents help my parents look after the youngest brother every day. We go to the movies every Sunday. Hows your family?,
