1、第- 1 -页共 6 页 非谓语动词专题复习一、要点揭示:非谓语动词的考查，初中阶段以动词不定式（to do）为主，同时也涉及其他非谓语动词如：动名词（doing） 、现在分词（ doing）过去分词（ done） 。非谓语动词在句中除不能独立做谓语外，可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等其他成分。以上例题就是对非谓语动词句法作用的考查。在单项选择题中由于命题人在试题的选择项中，使三种非谓语动词的形式全部出现，从而更加加大了试题的迷惑度；完成句子或翻译句子大多考查了与非谓语动词有关的短语或句型。下面以动词不定式为主线将非谓语动词的句法作用做一归纳。二、知识结构1、做主语1） 不定式
2、做主语：例如：To learn English well is not hard. To give is better than to receive.注：不定式做主语常用形式主语 it 代替。构成句型：It is +adj. +（for sb.）+ to do。如：Its hard for you to do it well. 请动手：把以上两句用该句型来改写。请思考：It is nice of you to give me so much help. 句中为什么用 of 而不用 for 呢?2）动名词做主语：例如：Reading in the sun is bad for your eye
3、s.请思考：该句中的动名词是否也可用 it 代替呢？2、做表语1）不定式做表语如：To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat. My job is to sell computers. My wish is to fly to the moon.2）动名词或现在分词做表语。如：My hobby is playing basketball. The news is very interesting. 3）过去分词做表语如：My bike was broken. I was satisfied at the news. His mother is wo
4、rried about him.3、作宾语非谓语动词做宾语是中考的重要考查点，该考点涉及动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。下面以不同类型的动词为线索，加以说明。1） 只能接动词不定式做宾语的动词：decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn 等。构成句型：动词+to do。如： We agreed to meet him on Sunday.请动手：用以上动词各造一句。2） 既能接不定式又能接动名词做宾语但意义区别不大的动词：like, love, begin, start, hate 等。构成句型：动词+to do 和动词+doing 如：I w
5、ill start to work(working) tomorrow. Do you like to play(playing) football? 请动手：用以上动词各造两句体会其用法。注：下面情况一般只能用不定式做宾语。I. Would you like/love 后，表示特定动作时。如：Would you like to leave a message?II.当谓语已经用了进行时态时。如：Its beginning to rain.第- 2 -页共 6 页 III.在 begin 后非谓语动词由某些状态动词构成时。如：We began to think of this question
6、. She began to believe his story.3)接不定式和动名词做宾语意思不同的动词：I. need 和 want 跟动名词时表示被动意义，跟不定式表示主动意义。如：These trees need watering(to be watered). We need to go there.请动手：用 want 造两个句子加以体会。II. remember, forget, stop, go on 后跟动名词表示动作发生在这些动词之前，跟不定式表示动作发生在这些动词之后。试比较以下两组句子体会不同：Go on reading. 和 After he finished the
7、 composition, he went on to do his homework She stopped speaking.和 He stopped to speak to Martin.请思考：最后一句中不定式 to speak 在句中还可以理解为做什么成分？III. try 和 mean 跟动名词和不定式做宾语意义差别很大。try doing 表示“试着做某事” ，而 try to do 表示“设法做某事” 。mean doing 表示“意思是” 、 “意味着” ，mean to do 是“企图、打算”请动手:翻译以下句子：A、他试着用手去摘那个苹果但是失败了。B、他设法用另一种方法
8、解这个题，但不起效果。C、这意味着帮助你。D、我意在帮助你。4)think, make, find, feel 等动词,跟不定式做宾语时常用形式宾语 it 代替，后面常有形容词做宾语补足语,构成句型：动词+it+ adj.+ to do。如：I found it very important to learn English well. 请动手翻译句子：人们发现保护环境越来越重要。5)其他：I.只能接动名词做宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, keep(on), miss, mind, practice, suggest 等，构成句型：动词+doing 。如：After he finis
9、hed reading the novel, he began to watch the play.请动手：用以上动词各造一句。II.介词后只能接动名词做宾语：请记忆下列句型或短语并造句体会：thanks for doing；what/how about doing； feel like doing； pay attention to doing； make a contribution to doing； stop/prevent/keep/protect sb./sth. from doing； be busy (in) doing； spend st.(in) doing；give up
10、 等。4、做宾语补足语1） 接带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词： ask, tell, get, wish, like, want, teach, know, understand, allow, remind 等。句型：动词 + sb./sth.+ to do.如：Teachers should allow us to have a day off every week.请思考：该句型的被动句是考试的重点考查点，一般构成什么句型呢？2）动词不定式做宾语补足语时 to 须省略的动词：I使役动词 make, have, let：句型：动词+sb./sth.+ do。如：The boss ma
11、de his workers work over 10 hours a day. 注：这些句子在变为被动句后，省略的 to 要补上，且不定式也由原先在句中做宾语补足语变为做主语补足语。如上句变为被动句后为：His workers were made to work over 10 hours a day (by the boss). 该点也是中考的重要考查点，请务必掌握。以上动词也可接过去分词 done 做宾语补足语，表示：“使被”,构成句型：第- 3 -页共 6 页 动词+sb./sth.+ done。如:We had many photos taken in the park The ki
12、ng made their tombs built many years ago.II.感官动词 see, hear, listen (to), feel：句型 1：动词+sb./sth.+do.如：I often hear them sing this song.请思考：这种句子变为被动句后不定式有什么变化？请动手翻译下句并变为被动句：我经常听到这个女孩在隔壁房间弹钢琴。注：以上动词后也可跟现在分词做宾语补足语，构成句型：动词+sb./sth.+doing.如：I saw a wallet lying on the ground when I walked by.请思考：以上动词接现在分词
13、doing 做宾语补足语与接动词不定式 to do 做宾语补足语意思上有何区别？举例说明。5、做定语：1）不定式做定语常置于所修饰词后，如：Do you have anything more to say? I want to find a room to live in.请思考：in 可否省略？为什么？2）现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done 也可以做定语，如：The boy standing here is my brother.（现在分词做定语）Her job was to take care of the wounded solidiers.(过去分词做定语)6、做状语1)不定式
14、做目的状语:He went to visit his parents. We stopped to listen to the teacher.He got up at 3 oclock in order to catch the early train.The pen is very good to write with. 请思考：最后句一中的介词 with 可否省略？为什么？2)不定式做原因状语：常用该句型：be+ adj.+ to do。注：该句型中常用到下列形容词：happy, glad, pleased, angry, right, sorry, slow, clever, quic
15、k ready wrong, nice, lucky 等。如：Im sorry to hear it. Im pleased to know this.3)不定式做结果状语：常用句型：too（for sb.）to ; enough to do. 如:The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. She isnt brave enough to go out at night.请思考：该类句型转换为复合句常用哪些句型？把上两句变为复合句。请思考：The box is too heavy for me to carry it.该句对吗？为什么？4)现在分词做
16、状语如：He sat in the chair, reading the newspaper.(伴随情况状语 )请动手用以下短语造句体会现在分词在句中做什么状语？：A、have fun doing; B、have trouble doing 7、其他1）不定式的被动语态 to be done:如：There are twenty more trees to be planted. Hell go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.请动手：在教材中找出类似的不定式的被动结构。2）不定式的否定形式 not to do 和动名词的
17、否定形式 not doing：如：Not to go there was right. I get up early in the morning in order not to be late. Would you mind not closing the door?请翻译以下两句：A、尽量不要迟到。第- 4 -页共 6 页 B、这似乎不对。3)疑问词+ 不定式：如：what/who/where/which/when/why/how+ to do。如：How to do it is still a question. Have you decided what to do with the
18、money?请思考：what to do 和 how to do it 有什么区别？what to do with sth.和 how to deal with sth.意义一样吗？4)其他与非谓语有关的句型或短语：used to do; be used to doing; why (not) do ?; cant/couldnt help doing; not wait to do; Youd better(not) do；keep sb./sth. doing; make up ones mind to do; set ones mind to do; make ones decision
19、 to do 等。请动手：记忆以上句型或短语并用其造句练习。三、典型例题1、单项填空（从每小题 A、 B、C、D 中选出一个能填入句中空白处的最佳答案）1).Youd better _ out at night. There may be wild animals outside.-No. I wont.A. dont go B. not go C. not to go D. to go (2006 淄博) 2).Did you have anyone_ the trees?- Yes, I had them _.A. to water, water B. to water, watered
20、C. water, to be watered D. water, watered (2006 烟台) 3).Mike! What are you doing there?-Listen ! Mum! Can you hear somebody _ upstairs?A. going B. goes C. go D. to go (2006 聊城) 4). When people want to relax themselves, they prefer _ TV or listen to music rather than _newspaper.A. watching, read B. wa
21、tching, to read C. to watch, read D. to watch, reaching (2006 临沂) 5). People everywhere celebrate the New Year. _ is a time to say goodbye to the past and to think about new beginnings.A. That, B. It C. This D. Such (2006 潍坊) 6).Have you heard the song Super Star?- Yes, I heard it _ by S. H. E.A. si
22、ngs B.sang C. sing D. sung (2006 潍坊) 7).Have you finished the English story book?-Not yet. Its too hard _.A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood (2006 呼和浩特) 8) -How about going shopping this weekend?-Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. going out, stay at home B. to go out, sta
23、y at home C. staying at home, go out D. to stay at home, go out (2006 泰安) 9) Our teacher always tell us _ more English in and out of class.A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. speaking (2006 重庆)10）Its too hot. Would you mind _ the door?- _. Please do it now.第- 5 -页共 6 页 A. to open; OK B. opening; Certa
24、inly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 2、完成句子（根据汉语意思用英语完成句子或翻译句子，将答案写在横线上）1)假如每个人都为保护环境做出自己的贡献，这个世界将变得更加美丽。The world will become much more beautiful if everyone _ a contribution to _ the environment.(天津)2)听到那悲伤的消息，他忍不住哭了。He couldnt help _ when he heard the sad _.( 长沙)3)博物馆很近，为什么不走着去呢？T
25、he museum is quite near. _on foot?（北京）4)很抱歉让你久等了。Im sorry _ for a long time.（北京）5)他过去玩电脑游戏的时间太多，结果对学习不感兴趣了。_. He was not interested in his lessons.（北京）四、考点预测1、单项填空（从每小题 A、 B、C、D 中选出一个能填入句中空白处的最佳答案）1) He said he thought I was an angel _ from God and God asked him to do so.A. sent B. taken C. given D.
26、 come2) Before 2008 we will finish _ the Olympic Park A build B built C building D to build 3）Bob speaks Chinese quite well. -Yes, so he does. He practices _ Chinese every day. A speaking B speak C speaks D spoke4）-Its too hot. Would you mind my _the window? -_ . Do it as you like, please.A to open,
27、 OK B opening, Certainly not C closing , Of course D open, Good idea.5）Do you like sports?-Sure, Im looking forward to _ the 29th Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008.A.watch; to be held B. watching; being held C. watching; to be held D. watch; held 6).Dont forget _the lights when you leave the classro
28、om. A . turning on B. to turn on C. turning off D. to turning off 7).My grandfather wants _around the world because he enjoys _new places.A traveling, seeing B to travel, to see C to travel, seeing D traveling, to see8).Im sorry to have kept you _for almost two hours. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D
29、. waited 9)Jack is very funny. He always makes us _. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughs10)Internet bars shouldnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad things. A. watched B. to watch C. watches D. watch11).Its time for supper now. Lets_ it.A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to hav
30、e D. stopping to have12)That day I saw some parents _ at the back of the classroom, _ to the teacher.A. sitting; listened B. sat; listened C. sitting; listening D. sat; listening第- 6 -页共 6 页 13).The boy _in the teachers office was found _ yesterday.A. standing; to smoke B. standing; smoking C. stood
31、; smoke D. stood; smoking14) We will do what we can _ you with your English studies. A. to help B. help C. be helped D. be helping 15).The sick woman is _ weak _look after herself.A. too; to B. so; that C. very; to D. so; to2、完成句子（根据汉语意思用英语完成句子或翻译句子，将答案写在横线上）1) 杨利伟花了大约 21 个小时在他的飞船中围绕地球 14 圈。_ _ Yang
32、Liwei _ 21 hours _ _ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.2) 我问他如何来庆祝圣诞节。I asked him _ _ _ Christmas.3) 看！那儿有一条宠物狗正躺在地上。Look ! There is a pet dog _ _ the ground.4) 我多么希望能听到他亲自弹奏这支曲子。_ I wish I could _ him himself _ this piece of music!5) 她没有纸写。She has no paper _ _ _6) 赢得这场比赛对我们来说是很难的。_. 7) 我们所有的人都发现算
33、出这道数学题很难。_.8) 我正在担忧下一步该怎么办呢？_.9) 他总是第一个来最后一个走。_.10) 大雪阻止了来访者离开村子。_.答案：三、典型例题：1、1）5）BDACB 6）10） DC BCB 2、 1）make, protecting; 2) crying, news; 3)why not go ;4) to keep you waiting ;5)He used to spent too much time playing computer games.四、考点预测；1、1）-5)ACABC; 6)10) DCCAD; 11)15)CCAAA.2、1）It, took ,abou
34、t/around, to travel 2) how to celebrate 3) lying on 4) How, hear, play 5）to write with 6)It is very difficult/hard for us to win the match 7)We all found it very difficult to work out this math question. 8) Im worrying about what to do next. 9)He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 10) The heavy snow stopped the visitors (from) leaving the village.
