1、英汉翻译的方法直译 literal translation vs.意译 free translation归化 domestication Vs.异化 foreignizationI like the movie.It s a Smoke Free Area.直译:它是个自由吸烟区。 意译: 它是个无烟区。2 .Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。 意译: 莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。3 .John would not come out of his shell and talk to others at the
2、party.直译:晚会上，约翰不愿从壳里钻出来与其他人说话。 琢译:晚会上，约翰不愿丢掉矜持与别人交谈。4. He is a rough-and-ready character直译:他是个粗兽并有准备的人 .意译: 他是个粗鲁但尚能顶用的人。直译语言层面把原文的 意思 完整而又正确的表达出来，基本上 保留原文的语言形式 （词语、句子结构、修辞手法等） 。直译的优缺点优：能传达原文意义，体现原文风格。缺：译文冗长啰嗦，晦涩难懂。有时不能表达原文的意思The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean
3、 of material prosperity.直译： 黑人依然生活在物质富裕的汪洋大海中贫乏的孤岛上。意译： 黑人仍生活在贫困的孤岛上，尽管放眼四周，是一片繁华的景象。意译在正确 理解 原文意思的基础上，摆脱原文句子结构， 重新遣词造句 ，把原文的意思用通顺的译语表达出来。这种翻译方法就是“意译”。注意把握分寸，不得随意增删内容或篡改原意。是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。 强调译文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次中的对应 。 The Negro is still languishing in the corners of American soci
4、ety and finds himself an exile in his own land.直译：黑人依然在美国社会的角落中饱受痛苦，并发现自己使自己国土上的流亡者。意译：黑人仍然在美国社会的角落里过着痛苦的生活；美国虽是他们的家园，而他们却感到流落异乡。直译，意译，各有千秋，译者依据功能、审美、读者层三要素，宜直译就直译，宜意译就意译，能神游于规矩之内，亦能神游于规矩之外，能循规蹈矩，亦能叛道离经，方称得上翻译的行家里手。异化 vs.归化Kill two birds with one stone异化：一石二鸟归化：一箭双雕，一举两得All roads lead to Rome异化：条条大路
5、通罗马归化：殊途同归A lion in the wayLick ones bootsDiamond cuts diamondA flash in a panHave one foot in the graveTo grow like mushrooms缺点：失去原语文化特征，给译文读者造成文化错觉I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaws heart, if not by his mouth, to the lowest pit in the infernal regions.我想，哈雷顿.厄恩肖即便嘴里不说，心里也要诅咒我下到
6、十八层地狱 。better: 地狱的最底层异化：民族偏离主义者；译者向作者靠拢BottleneckShed crocodile tearsArmed to teethThey dare say no to the superpower被动语态的翻译The man was beaten by the police.那个人被/让/叫警察打了。那个人挨了警察一顿打。1. 英汉两种语言中都存在被动语态,但汉语中表被动的词较多。如：受，遭，叫，让2. 英语中被动语态使用空间广阔，而汉语中相对狭窄。主要原因在于：A.汉语句子中可以没有主语，即：无主句。B.汉语中表被动的词可以省略。Wrongs must
7、be righted when they are distorted.发现了错误一定 要改正 。X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.胸部和心脏 x 射线检查 应（被）列为常规 。被动句处理方法1. 仍译为被动句，但注意被动词的灵活性。被、受、得、由、让、予以、加以I hope that the resolution of the General Assembly will at last be respected by member states and by Israel in part
8、icular.我希望大会的各项决议将 得到 各会员国，尤其是以色列的 尊重 。Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人将 受到 奖励。Our roof was damaged in last nights storm.在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶 遭到 了破坏。Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.面积的三分之二 由 广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。The cyclist was knocked do
9、wn by a truck.那个骑车人 让 一辆卡车撞到了。The design will be examined by a special committee.这项设计将由一个专门委员会 予以 审查。Problems should be resolved in good time.有问题要及时 加以 解决。2. 译为主动句，但需要注意主语的选择。The Novel A Dream of Red Mansions has been translated in to many foreign languages.小说 红楼梦 已译成许多外国文字。During the World Cup the
10、streets were filled with football fans.世界杯比赛期间， 街上 挤满了球迷。Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.现代工业 耗用大量燃料。Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.路易斯公司的一辆拖车 把你的汽车拖走了。The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国 在四千年前发明了指南针。Energy is defined as the
11、 ability to do work.能的定义 为做功的能力。She hadnt been told Bettes other name, or shed forgotten it.人家 没告诉她贝蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them.如果 有人 向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。3. 译为判断句The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美国的学分制 是 1782 年在哈
12、佛大学首先实施的。The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.那部科幻小说 是 我的一个朋友译成中文的。4. 译成无主句All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.在制定理论前， （）应该认真地搜集和研究所有的数据资料。Helsinki became a flourishing port, and an university was founded a
13、t Turku.赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口， （）在图尔库还简称一所大学。exercisesA new student is kept on probation for one semester.With the outbreak of the war, flights were stepped up.Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.This liquid became mixe
14、d with the salt at room temperature.It should have been obvious that the plan would have to be scrapped.6. After a while an agreement was arrived at.7. A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.8. A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.9. A plan was needed to strike the enemy right w
15、here he lived.10. I am afraid I shall be laughed at.11. The workers were seen repairing the machine.12. Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.13. My first thirty years were spent in Western America.14. Eventually, of course, the plan was abandoned.15. But the match could not be stoppe
16、d with bullets now.16. The ship was destined for London.17. Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.18. She was blamed for everything her sisters did.19. Every country was visited by the worst drought in 60 years.20. Natural light or “white” light is actually
17、 made up of many colours. 采用异化翻译的方法翻译以下句子Armed to teethMeet ones waterlooDark horseCrocodile tearsIvory towerHe looked cool in his new clothes.This is the last supper in our college life.The cold war between the husband and wife ended when the husband found a better job.The wealth he had boasted for years turned out to be the emperors new clothes.
