1、现在完成时讲解一、现在完成时的定义1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2、常用时间状语：recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+ 时间名词, in the past few months/years 等3、句子结构： 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done一般疑问句：have 或 has 放于句首 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.否定回答：No, 主语+havet/hast. 二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种 I.“已完成”用法
2、:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now ， already，yet，notyet 等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。 （说明现在灯关上了） Ive finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。 （说明可以交作业或做别的了） 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）
3、She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。 （说明她现在仍是老师） II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month） ，lately， recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time， for a month，so far，up to
4、now，till（until） now 等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。 （现在还住在这儿） Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。 （现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法: 表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如 often, always, every week, twice等连用。I have been to the Summer P
5、alace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语 的用法I 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中 。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven
6、t finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用 ever 和 never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember wher
7、e. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如 now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。e. 例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？II 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, a
8、rrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换arrive be here begin(start)be ondie be dead come back be backfall ill(sick, asleep) be ill(sick, asleep)get up be up go out be out leave be away finish be overput
9、on wear 或 be on open be openjoin be in 或 be a member ofclose be closed go to school be a studentborrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know knowbegin to study study come to work work3fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill) get to know know begin,(start) be on open be open buy have get up b
10、e up die be dead go out be out come be in close be closed arrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch (a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy come backbe back put onwear 或 be on 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了
11、。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 四.几点注意事项 I. have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“ 去某地了（说话时某人不在当地） ”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,never, se
12、veral times 等连用，后者则不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。（错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 现在完成时练习一.用 since 和 for 填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3
13、._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9._we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city
14、 _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.4二.单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before
15、 D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school f
16、or two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States .
17、Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined
18、 C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been
19、on D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18.The students have cl
20、eaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C
21、. has been away D. had been away21.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become23.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left24.The
22、 meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over25.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught26.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became27. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. r
23、eturned三.用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”55. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.
24、”四.用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are y
25、ou thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (re
26、ad) this book since yesterday.五、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book六.翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午
27、饭. 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 8.他离开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 现在完成进行时讲解1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3 现在完成进行时的基本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been worki
28、ng.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 现在完成时的用法1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成
29、进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：Weve been living here for ten years.Weve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing
30、for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。63）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate， hear，know，sound 等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyve known each other since 1970.自从 1970 年起他们就相互认识了。现在完成进行时练习:1.Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago.A.has been
31、, started B.have started, has startedC.started, started D. Has started, has started2.-How long you stamps?-Since two years ago.A.have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting3.She had a headache because she too long. She ought to shop.A.has been reading B.had read C.is readi
32、ng D.read4.- have you been learning to swim? -Half a year.A.How long B. How often C.How far D.When5.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for .A.two year and a half B.two and a half yearC.two years and half D.two and a half years6.He it for two hours, and hes still watching now.A.has been watched B.watching C.has been watching D.is watching
