1、1Unit 3 Why I TeachIntroductory remarksTeaching has been considered an undesirable profession in many parts of the world. Education may be respected and highly valued, but teachers are not. Their pay and prestige are low in most countries. They work long hours both during the day and in the evening
2、and their hard work often goes unnoticed and unappreciated. Yet, there have always been people who love the teaching profession and choose teaching as their life career. Here, Mr. Beidler, Professor of English At Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., who was named 1983s Professor of the Year by
3、 the Council for Advancement and Support of Education, gives his reasons why he teaches.PrefaceCompare: possible (最小); probable (中等); likely (最大)PatternIt is possible / probable (for sb.) to do sth.Sb. is likely to do sth.time and again = again and againchoose: selectCompare: profession; occupation;
4、 career; vocationcareer: 指终身职业, 事业 profession: 指从事需要高等教育和特别训练的专门职业2occupation / vocation (U): 泛指一切职业reward (vt. out + run; out + rankHe outweighs his brother.= His weight surpasses his brothers.Liu Xiang outran all the others in the match of 110m hurdle.This couple of lovers work for the same compan
5、y, but the gentlemen outranks his female lover.the trying moments: the time spent in trying to do sth.Do the rewards of teaching outweighs the trying moments? (教书的收获抵得过付出吗?)1. The advantages far outweigh (=surpass) the disadvantages.利远大于弊。2. This outweighs (= is more important than) all other consid
6、erations. 这一点是首先要考虑的。author = writerLines 1 15Why I Teach (标题形式)= Why Do I Teach?Patterns: consider (vt.)Consider him (to be) cleverConsider him (to be) a clever man3Consider him (as) clever / a clever man (此句型中没有 as 更为普通)take sth. into consideration = take something into accountadministration (n. 行
7、政; 行政当局) the Obamas administrationHe was puzzled = He was confused = He wondered + that 从句“step up” (n.) = promotion 提升; 晋升grow up = become an adult; 21 years oldcertainly = of course; surelyI dont teach because teaching is easy for me. 我教书不是因为教书对我来说容易。(注意：I teach not because 不是英语习惯表达法 )Translate: 我
8、爱他不是因为他有钱。The various (=different kinds of) waysPatternsattempt (vt.) to do sth = attempt doing sth; 打算做某事be in an attempt (n.) to do sth = be in an attempt at doing sth.earn ones living = make ones living 谋生For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.Paraphrase: Teaching
9、is a profession that makes my eyes red 4for lack of sleep, my palms (手掌) sweaty because of nervousness (紧张) and my stomach (=spirit/heart 精神) sinking because I often feel so disappointed with (对感到失望) my lectures.A persons stomach sinks when he is upset or disappointed.Compare: stomach (人体的胃) / appet
10、ite (吃饭的胃口)1) There is something wrong with my stomach, so I must go to hospital.2) I have a good appetite for such delicious food.3) Nowadays, children have a good appetite for (= are very interested in; like very much) web games.stay up: not go to bed Pattern: stay up doing sth.1. He stays up read
11、ing and writing until midnight every day.2. Ill be home late, but please dont stay up for me.Compare: enter (进入某个地点/地方) / 不同于 enter intoenter the cinema; enter the classroomenter into business relations with us; enter into the operation of the company.Patternconvince (vt): make/cause sb quite believ
12、e/ feel certain convince sb. of sth; convince sb. + that clause 使某人信服某事e.g. We hope to convince him of our sincerity / that we are 5sincere. boring: tedious 平淡无味；枯燥乏味/单调Life was boring or tedious when I settled down in the countryside.as usual (set phrase): 象往常一样Last weekend I went to work at 8 oclo
13、ck as usual.Nor do I teach (否定词在句首, 句主谓要倒装)e.g.: Never have I eaten such a bad meal before. = I have never eaten such a bad meal before.Patternscompel / force / oblige sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事Sb. be compelled / forced / obliged to do sth.sometimes (有时候) sometime (某时) some time (一段时间)I am amazed + that
14、 clause = I am surprised + that clauseI am amazed at sth. = I am surprised at sth.actually = virtually = in facttake note(s) 记笔记in class 在上课时；在课堂上 after class 课后/下课Lines 16 33the pace (节奏) of the academic calendar (教学日历)lunar calendar 阴历reflection: careful thinking; consideration (深思; 考虑)reflect (vi
15、.) on / upon (深思; 考虑)6e.g.: I must reflect on/upon how to answer that question.reflect (vt.) (反射; 反映)e.g.: The sunlight was reflected (反射)from the mirror.Does the literature of a nation reflect (反映) its politics?opportunity = chance have an opportunity to do stha profession built on (= based on) cha
16、ngeCompare: material (文字资料) / data (数据资料)Decision-making is built / based on accurate data.This report should be regarded as one of reference materials., more important, (这里是作插入语) = what is more; above alllearn ones lesson (吸取教训)stimulate (vt.) = give impetus to 激励; 刺激Patterns: stimulate sth; stimul
17、ate sb. to do sth.1. The new policy will stimulate the pace of economic development.2. The teachers praise stimulated Tom to study even harder.As a teacher, I am my own boss = I can do according to my own decision / will). 我可凭自己的意志办事freshman: a student in the first year of collegesophomore: a studen
18、t in the second year of collegejunior: a student in the third year of collegesenior: a student in the fourth year of collegefailure: lack of success; failing; instance of failing7Pattern: fail sth; fail to do sth; fail in sth.to ask questions that students must struggle (= rack ones brains 绞尽脑汁) to
19、answer: to ask difficult, thought-provoking questions which the students must think hard about before they can answerstruggle to do sth = try very hard to do sth.; make great efforts to do“Bad questions” here means “meaningless questions or simple questions” that everyone can answer easilyPattern: e
20、njoy doing sth.I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world : Institutions like universities and colleges are often referred to as “ivory tower” when professors and their students study only book knowledge and have little to do
21、 with the practice of everyday life. What the author tries to do is to help the students go out of the ivory tower and into the real world, learn to solve practical problems and prepare themselves for the life they will encounter / come across after graduation.self-reliance: rely on oneselfkeep a di
22、ary 记日记term (学期) papers (= thesis 论文)Lines 34 508set up (=establish) a corporationa rundown (=decayed; dilapidated 破烂的; 残破的) housepracticed (= do; operate 实施) self-reliancePattern: practice doing sth. (Right); practice to do (Wrong)renovate (vt.): improve / make better through repairs 修复semester = t
23、ermrepay (vt.): 偿还; 报答/ 回报repay sb. for ones kindness = repay sbs kindnessrepay sb. with / by doing sth.loan: something lent, especially a sum of moneyIts more and more difficult to get a bank loan now.distributed (=share) the profits (=earning) among the groupdistribute sth to /among 把某物分发给某人a vari
24、ety of + 不可数名词或可数名词复数a variety of books = various kinds of booksThis job is too dull; I want one with more challenge (挑战).So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge 因此, 教学使我的工作进程有了规律, 使我的生活变得丰富多彩, 向我提出了挑战leave out = fail to mention or include (遗漏; 漏掉)You left out an important detail in yo
25、ur report of the accident.Be sure not to leave anyone out in your invitation.doctoral student 博士生 9an energetic (= full of energy) student 充满精力的学生labo(u)r at sth. = work very hard on sthdissertation: thesis or papers for academic degree (学位)论文dissertation on (=regarding) A Book on English Grammarsen
26、t them (= dissertations) off (=mail/post) to learned (=scholastic) journalsCompare: magazine; journal; bimonthly; quarterly; pictorialShe did it all (=completely) herself (= independently).with an occasional (=now and then; not regular 偶尔) nudge (=push / help) from menudge (n.): (fig.) words, action
27、s or feelings that stimulate(vt.) push or touch, esp. with the elbow to attract attention; (fig.) stimulateHe always nudges me in my decision of setting up my own business.fellowship (此处指)研究员职位；研究员薪金scholarship 奖学金won a fellowship to Harvard (定语) working on a book (状语) developing ideas (定语) shed fir
28、st had as my student (定语从句).engineering 工程（学）switch (to): turn from one subject or activity to anotherAs the demand for tape-recorders has fallen off, the factory 10has switched to (=change from to) the production of MP3.Lines 51 61There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her class
29、mates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. 还有珍妮, 她中途棳学, 但是她的同学把她找了回来, 因为他们想让她看到自力更生整修旧房这一项目的结果。the urban poor 城市贫民civil rights 民权 / 公民权a civil rights lawyer: a lawyer defending civil rights 捍卫公民权的律师a cleaning woman: a woman doing the cleaning job 女清洁工intuition:
30、ability to understand or realize sth. without reasoning 直觉e.g.: Intuition told me that something was wrong with our plan.by intuition 凭直觉 by instinct 凭本能These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. 这些在我眼前成长，变化的人，便是我要当教师的真正原因。Compare: in front of; in the front
31、of 1. The teacher is giving a lecture _ the classroom.2. Get out, and dont stand _ me.11Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. 当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，生命开始be present at = attend 在场；出席According to the Bible, man was created by God out of clay. When God br
32、eathed the breath of life into the clay, it became alive and the creation of man was completed. Here the author compares the job of a teacher to the work of God. He implies that the teacher helps the student become a real man or woman.breathe (v.) = take a breath (n.)Lines 62 72a “promotion” out of
33、teaching: a “promotion” from a teaching position to an administrative position “提升了”,不再教书了Whats the point of being rich? : Whats the use of being rich?I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway.: I have the power to give my students a gentle push in the right
34、direction, to arouse their interest and curiosity, to recommend good books, to point out the way to greater achievements.What other power matters?: What other power is important to me? (That is to say, I need no other power except / but the 12power to nudge, to fan sparks)Comparebesides (prep.) = ap
35、art from; in addition (to)except = but; other than1. She has received gifts other than (=except; but) flowers.2. He has visited every other country than (=except; but) England. (他到过英国以外的任何国家.)rare: unusual; uncommon; unusually good; very remarkablethat rare student who walks into a teachers life and
36、 begins to breathe: that exceptionally / extremely good student who becomes part of a teachers life and begins to grow and change in front of him.Perhaps the word “love” is the wrong word; magic might be better: Perhaps the word “love” is not sufficient (=enough) to describe what teaching offers; it
37、 might be better to use the word “magic”.being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them: when I see that my students are beginning to grow and change in front of me, I from time to time find myself growing and changing with them too, as if n
38、ew life were being breathed into my body.to catch ones breath = to stop breathing for an instant with 13surprise and delight (因突然的惊奇或高兴而 )停止呼吸;屏住呼吸e.g.: The tired traveler stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his direction.Key to ExercisesII. Comprehension of the Text (pp. 51 52)1. Choose th
39、e best answer for each of the following1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. CIII. Vocabulary Activities (pp. 53 54)1. Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary.1. urban 2. analysis 3. ke
40、ep a diary 4. pace5. technological 6. catch his breath 7. intuition8. convince 9. Civil 10.was/hasrenovated/been renovated2. Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with words or phrases chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box:1. Kept (detailed) record - took (detailed) notes2.
41、quickly changed - switched3. vigorous - energetic4. aroused - stimulated5. is based on - builds on / is built on146. restoreto good condition - renovate7. (a man) of great knowledge - a learned man8. forced - compelled9. gave out - distributed10. return - repay3. Use the verb in brackets to form an
42、appropriate phrasal verb and complete the sentence with it:1. switch to 2. has set up 3. kept on 4. leave out5. called on 6. send off 7. stayed up 8. found outIV. Enriching Your Word Power (p. 55)dictator - dictatorship professor - professorshipsportsman - sportsmanship scholar - scholarshipmartyr -
43、 martyrdom reader - readershipleader - leadership official - officialdompartner - partnership hard - hardshipbore - boredom workman - workmanshipV. Usage1. the point2. points3. There is no point in4. What is the point of5. The point6. a point15VI. Structure (pp. 56 57)1. Rewrite the following senten
44、ces after the models:1. I did not leave college because I was tired of learning.2. We didnt set up the corporation merely because we wanted to make profits.3. John didnt marry Alice because she was rich, or because she was pretty.4. He didnt join the Confederate Army because he stood for slavery5. T
45、he police didnt arrest him because he had really committed any crime, or because he was an escaped prisoner.2. Rewrite the following sentences after the model:1. We all left the meeting convinced that the project was feasible.2. Peter got home tired out from the three-month-long journey to the Antar
46、ctic.3. They went hunting for hours, but they returned empty-handed4. He entered the office still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.3. Complete the following sentences, using the pattern “find + oneself + a present or past participial phrase, or a prepositional phrase” and the words given in brack
47、ets:1. When he came to, he found himself in the ward of a hospital.2. When the company (连队) marched into the valley, they suddenly found themselves surrounded by enemy forces.163. The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves reading it with fresh eyes.4. When he tur
48、ned the corner, he found himself tailed by a man in black.5. Once or twice I found myself doubting my own judgment.6. The road gradually widened until we found ourselves in a large valley.Cloze (pp.57 58)1. Complete the following passage with words or phrases chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill
49、 box. Change the form where necessary.1. analysis 2. professors3. energetic 4. catch ones breath5. staying up 6. convinced 7. stimulating 8. administrative9. switch 10. pace 11. reflection 12. spark 13. repaying2. Fill in the missing words1. you 2. or 3. wonder 4. parent 5. of 6. help7. on 8. how 9. telling 10. treat 11. when 12. and13. criticize 14. with 15. response 16. you 17. class 18. not 19. realize / understand / know 20. Because21. specialized 22. about 23.
