1、1【知识要点】虚拟语气的基本用法一、语气的定义和种类1.语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2.语气的种类1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again! 再也不要
2、迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观 愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Would you be kind eno
3、ugh to show me the way to the post office？请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。2.表祝愿1)常用“may+ 动词原形 ”表示“祝愿，但愿” ，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us l
4、ast long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。May you be happy. (注意 be) 祝你幸福。2)用动词原形，如：Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！3.表示强烈愿望（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）4.表命令1)命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是 you)。2)句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3)虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：wor
5、k, be, go4)否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) 别工作那么卖力。 25.在一些习惯表达中，如：Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1)在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词 that。对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去时或过去进行时(时间
6、上是同时的) 。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语 be 用were，实义动词用过去式。如：I wish (that 可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中
7、文。(事实上并不懂) 对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用 wish 表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。如：I wish (that 可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 对将来情况的虚拟( 表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(时间上较后)( 请注意：主句和从句的
8、主语不相同) 。用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望。如：I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词 would+动词原形 stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 注意： 如果将 wish 改为过去式 wished, 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变。如：I wished I had
9、nt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。如果 that 从句中用 would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。如： I wish you would help me. 我希望你能帮我。2)在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的 that 从句应用虚拟语气，且均以 should+动词原形表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求” 的：ask, desire, request,
10、demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主张” 的：maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 如：3When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了” 。He pursued various theories for
11、several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年。在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如：order, suggest, propose, require, demand, req
12、uest, insist, command, insist +. (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下周开 个会。注意：在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气 , 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。 She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。或者说，suggest, insist 不表示建议或坚持要
13、某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错: (错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错)I insisted that you (should) be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在 expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在 expect, believe, think
14、, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should动词原形( 或完成形式)”，表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。4)would rather，would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer 之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，
15、would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“ 对过去做的事的懊悔”。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。Id rather you didnt make any comment o
16、n the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。注意：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原形4I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里。would rather.than.中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出。5)“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形” 。I had hop
17、ed that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书并留在那，但她说她喜欢留在中国。2.主语从句中的虚拟语气1)“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气在 It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为 should 动词原形或省略 should 直接用动词原形（美国英语
18、中省去should） 常用的形容词：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)，necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的 )，probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的 )，advisable（合理的） ，compulsory （必须的） ， crucial（紧急的） ，incredible（惊人的） ，n
19、ecessary（必要的） ，possible（可能的） ，strange（奇怪的） ，urgent（紧迫的） 。常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求)，suggested (建议), recommended (推荐) ，ordered (命令) 如：It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。It is vit
20、al that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用 that 引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。2）在 It is 名词 that.的主语从句中的虚拟语气在 It is 名词 that 的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑
21、、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice， decision，desire，demand，idea ，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement ，resolution ，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder 等。如：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外深造。3.虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语
22、气，其表达形式为 should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有： demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求)，advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议) ，order (命令) ，necessity (必要地), preference (优先) ，proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法 )， recommendation 以及 resolution 等。如：We are all for your proposal that the discussion be
23、put off.5我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be 动词用were） +其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+ 其他成分。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the p
24、arty. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其
25、他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+ 其他成分。例如： If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有 if 从句，而是以 but for/without/or/otherwise 等引导的句子代替 if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank you fo
26、r all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven， with the Melinda Cox
27、Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在 it 做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是 necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame 等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用 “should+动词原形”，其中should 可以省略。例如： Dont you think it neces
28、sary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 考点五、wish/if only/would rather 从句中的虚拟语气 具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中 be 动词用 were）/ 动词过去完
29、成时（表示与过去事实相反） /would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反） 。例如： Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ 6A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 典题链接1. She might have been in time for the train, but she _ late.A. started B. has startedC. was to start D. had started2. I lost your cell phone num
30、ber, otherwise, I _ you long before.A. had called B. have calledC. would have called D. should call3.Its so near! We should have walked there.Yes, a taxi _ necessary at all.A. wasnt B. isntC. hadnt been D. wont be4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.A. Would B. ShouldC.
31、 Might D. If5._ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.A. In spite of B. Because ofC. But for D. Due to6. Without your timely help, we _ in big trouble that day.A. had been B. would beC. would have been D. were7. Its high time you _ to make the decision yourself.A. shall learn B. learnC. lea
32、rnt D. have learnt8. If you _ me earlier, you _ sorry now.A. had listened to; wouldnt have beenB. were to listen to; shouldnt have beenC. had listened to; wouldnt beD. listened to; wouldnt be9.Im feeling terribly drunk now.Well, Id rather you _ like a fish in the party.A. didnt drink B. hadnt drunkC
33、. werent drinking D. not drink10. The man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be setC. do; be set D. had done; must be set11. If only I _ an umbrella! I was wet through.A. took B. should takeC. had taken D. take虚拟语气考点典型陷阱题分析1. I forget where I read the article,
34、 or I _ it to you now. A. will show B. would show7C. am going to show D. am showing 2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.”A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so3. “Mary looks hot and dry”
35、 “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. areC. will D. would4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is comingC. came D. had come又如：Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me
36、 about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “Id rather you _.”A. wont B. didntC. dont D. wouldnt (2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.”A. didnt B. hadntC. dont D. wouldnt (3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wont B. didntC. doesnt D. wouldnt 5. All the
37、 doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on请做以下类似试题：(1) The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sen
38、tC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent(2) The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. should do, should be B. had done, should beC. had done, had been D. should do, had been(3) I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite
39、 well then.A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. 8A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to
40、 cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。精编陷阱题训练1. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “Its time you _.”A. do B. did C. had D. would2. If
41、 I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _ what I would have done.A. dont know B. hadnt knownC. wasnt knowing D. wouldnt know3. “Ive told everyone about it.” “Oh, Id rather you _.”A. dont B. hadntC. couldnt D. wouldnt4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ the
42、re by tomorrow. A. cant get B. wont getC. hadnt got D. wouldnt get5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _ where he _.”A. knew, live B. knew, livesC. know, lives D. know, lived 6. “Isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”A. begin B. have b
43、egunC. began D. had begun7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise
44、 he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored9. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live. A. would be freezin
45、g cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly911. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. saidC. might say D. might have said12. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove
46、; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken14. But for the help you gave me, I _ the examinations.A. would have passed B. wou
47、ld passC. wouldnt have passed D. wouldnt pass情态动词的基本用法1.比较 can 和 be able to1)can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用 could)，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to 可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用 be able to 中情况：位于助动词后；情态动词后；表示过去某时刻动作时；用于句首表示条件；表示成功地做了某事时，只能用 was/were able to，不能用 could。He
48、 was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前，他就逃离欧洲了。注意：could 不表示时态，表示提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用 could） 。在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。Could I have the television on?Yes， you can./No，you cant.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较 may 和 might1)表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May Go
