1、郭老师讲初中英语语法：英语句子类型的转换(2010-08-06 11:14:18) 转载标签： 郭老师初中英语语法英语句子类型转换教育分类： 我讲语法 英语句子类型的转换 句型转换题是中考常见题型，它主要用来考查大家对句子结构的构成、变化的掌握及在行文中的运用等，类型繁多。现以近两年中考题为例，分类介绍如下：第一类 改成否定句英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外，还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移、以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时，在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加 not 就行了。如：1. He was late fo
2、r school yesterday. （黑龙江省泰州市）He_ _late for school yesterday.2. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already. （新疆）The students of No.2 Middle School _ _ gone for a picnic yet.二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前加 dont。如：3. Open the window. （江苏省）_ open the window.三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加 dont, doesnt, didnt
3、等。如：4. She does the housework every day. （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）She _ _ the housework every day.5. He returned the book to the library this morning. （重庆市）He _ _ the book to the library this morning.注意：变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化，如 some 改为 any, something改为 anything, already 改为 yet, both 改为 neither, all 改为 none 等。又如：6. Both o
4、f them are my best friends. （甘肃省兰州市）_ of them is my best friend.第二类 改为疑问句可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一、变一般疑问句时，含有连系动词、情态动词的句子，只需将它们移至句首，第一个字母变为大写，句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子，在实义动词前加 do, does, did 等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如：7. Theres something to eat in the cupboard.（贵州省贵阳市）_ _ _ to eat in the cupboard？8. Kate does mor
5、ning exercises every day. （山东省济南市）_ Kate _ morning exercises every day？9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. （四川省成都市）_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday？二、变选择疑问句时，如果该句是一般疑问句，则在后面直接加“or另一选择部分”就行了；若是陈述句，则要先变成一般疑问句。如：10. John is an American. （用 a Canadian 改为选择疑问句）（新疆）_ John an Americ
6、an _ a Canadian？三、变反意疑问句时，要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”，还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如：11. She has hardly had anything this morning, _ _？（山东省泰安市）12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, _ _？（重庆）13. She had nothing for breakfast, _ _？（青海）14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, _ _？（哈尔滨市）第三类 单数句与复数句之
7、间的互变转化时，名词和动词的人称和数，人称代词、物主代词、指示代词的人称和数都要作相应的变化。如：15. That is my book. （浙江省宁波市）_ _ _ _.16. She is his student. （江苏）_ _ _ _.第四类 变感叹句将陈述句变成感叹句，要分以下几步：第一步：在陈述句的谓语动词后将句子划断。如：The boxes arevery heavy.第二步：斜线后的形容词、副词的修饰语要去掉，如上句去掉 very。第三步：若斜线后部分的中心词是形容词、副词，则在斜线后部分的前面加 how。如果中心词是名词，就加 what。第四步：将陈述句句首的大写改为小写，将
8、感叹句句首改为大写。第五步：将陈述句句末的句号改为感叹号。于是上句应改为：How heavy the boxes are！又如：17. They are happy to see each other.（甘肃省兰州市）_ _ they are to see each other！第五类 同义转换指用不同的词汇、短语、句型表示相同或相近的意思。它主要有以下几种变化：一、用同义词（词组）、近义词（词组）替换句中的某一部分。如：18. Lin Tao is good at physics. （江苏省盐城市）Lin Tao _ _ _ physics.19. It took him two hours
9、 to play with computers last night. （甘肃省兰州市）He _ two hours _ with computers last night.二、用反义词（词组）或句型改写。如：20. I think art is less important than maths. （浙江省杭州市）I _ _ art _ more important than maths.21. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.（徐州市）The runner failed to keep up wit
10、h the others though he tried his best.三、简单句和并列句与复合句等句式间的转换。如：22. My father isnt a history teacher. My mother isnt a history teacher, either.（徐州）_ my father _ my mother is a history teacher.23. Jim cant decide what he should do next. （甘肃省兰州市）Jim cant decide what _ _ next.24. David was so careless tha
11、t he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. （福州市）David was _ careless _ find the mistakes in his text paper.第六类 对划线部分提问实际上就是把陈述句变为特殊疑问句。对不同的部分提问要用不同的疑问词。一、对主语提问：只需选择一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分，句子的语序不变，指人用 who, 指物用 what 或 which。如：25. Mr. Green teaches them English.（新疆）_ teaches them English？二、对谓语提问：不管后面接宾语与否，
12、疑问词都用 what, 并用 do 的适当形式代替谓语部分。如：26. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. （青海）_ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon？三、对宾语提问：指人的用 who（whom）, 指物的用 what 或 which。如：27. He lives with his grandmother.（江苏）_ _ he live with？28. I have two books in my bag. （山东省泰安市）_ _ you have in your bag？四、对表
13、语提问：要根据表语所表示的不同意思，选择不同的疑问代词。指人时一般用 who；指时间时用 when 或 what time；指职业时，用 what；指颜色时用 what colour; 指距离时用 how far 等。如：29. Those flowers are red. （重庆）_ _ are those flowers？30. Urumchi is 3790 kilometres away from Wuhan. （新疆）_ _ is Urumchi away from Wuhan？五、对定语提问：问谁的用 whose, 问哪个用 which 或 what, 问数量用how many （
14、much）。如：31. The car near the river is mine. （山东省泰安市）_ _ is yours？32. I borrowed nine books from the library. （新疆）_ _ books did you borrow from the library？六、对状语（从句）提问：指时间的疑问词用 when （what time）, 指地点用 where, 表示原因用 why, 表示程度、方式用 how, 表示频度用 how often，表示时间段用 how long 等。如：33. Allan will go back to England
15、 by plane next month. （福建省福州市）_ _ Allan go back to England next month？34. John went to see his grandmother once a week. （广东省广州市）_ _ did John go to see his grandmother？35. He has worked in this school for five years. （四川省成都市）_ _ has he worked in this school？36. Mrs. Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise._ _ Mrs. Read sleep well last night（山东省济南市）37. Jim will return in two weeks. （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）_ _ will Jim return？七、对混合成分提问：同时对两个或两个以上的提问时，可以用 and 把几个疑问词连起来放在句首。如：38. I met Jim in the park the day before yesterday. （吉林）_ _ _ did you meet Jim？
