1、 11. 陕西 2010 A Ask Dr Jeffers This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions about the human brain and how it works.Dear Dr. Jeffers, One of my colleagues, Felix Moeller, told me that scientists are learning to use computer to read minds. Is there any truth to this story?Jane Leon, New York, USADear
2、Ms. Leon,Well, a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs havent been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects（受试者）were connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They
3、 were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting（减）the two numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct assumptions（假设）70 percent of the time. Its not quite mind reading, but its certainly a first step.Dr. J.Dear Dr. Jeffers, My three-year-
4、old son loves it when I dig my fingers into his sides and tickle （胳肢）him until he laughs uncontrollably. The other day I noticed him trying to tickle himself but he couldnt do it. Why not?Glenn Lewis, Vancouver, CanadaDear Mr. Lewis,Its because of how the brain works. The brain is trained to know wh
5、at to pay attention to and what to ignore. It causes us to ignore physical feelings we expect to happen, but it causes a mild panic reaction when there is an unexpected feeling. For example, you dont notice how your shoulder feels while youre walking down the street. But if someone comes up behind y
6、ou and touches you lightly on the shoulder, you may jump in fear. Its that unexpected part that causes the tickle reaction.Dr. J.46. What can we learn from the answer to the first question? A. Some equipment is able to read human minds.B. Some progress has been made in mind reading.C. Test subjects
7、have been used to make decisions.D. Computer programs can copy brain processes.47. People laugh when tickled by others because the feeling is _. A. unexpected B. expected C. comfortable D. uncomfortable48. Who has got a little child according to the text? A. Ms. Leon B. Mr. Lewis C. Mr. Moeller D. D
8、r. Jeffers49. According to the text, Jeffers is probably _. A. a computer programmer B. a test subjectC. a human brain expert D. a medical doctor2 2. 江西 2010EEvery day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, n
9、or the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.Obviously, the ability to ta
10、lk is something that marks humans off from animal. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Natures talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed the
11、ir own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, its an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way w
12、e hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling (直立的 ) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means
13、 of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skills ? Biologist can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where spee
14、ch mechanisms function, but this doesnt tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .A. our ability to use languageB. the miracle of technologyC. the amazing power of natureD. our ability to make noises with
15、 mouth73. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both human an animals?A. Lifting heads when sad.B. Keeping long faces when angry.C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.74. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Body language is u
16、nique to humans.B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.C. Humans have other powers of communication.D. Humans are no different from animals to some degree.75. This passage is mainly about .3A. the development of body language.B. the special role humans play in natureC. the power to convey inf
17、ormation to othersD. the difference between humans and animals in language use 3.山东 2006 EPITTSBURGH For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years
18、 developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade
19、 shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didnt know of one that could climb pipes.The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆 ). They move smoothly with the help of s
20、mall electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.Sam Stover, a search team manager with
21、 the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable poles.“It just allows us to do something weve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.
22、”He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search
23、flooded houses in that disaster.Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Chosets robots?A. Robotics Trends. B. Pittsburgh City Council.C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emer
24、gency Management Agency.73. Choset believes that his invention _.A. can be attached to an electronic armB. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanesC. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dogD. can sense its way no better than its operators74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragrap
25、h 7), Stover means that snake-4like robots _.A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane KatrinaB. would have been put to use in past rescue workC. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterdayD. were in greater need yesterday than today75. What is the text mainly about?A. Snake-like robots us
26、ed in industries.B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.C. The development of snake-like robots.D. The working principles of snake-like robots.4. 湖南 2010 CPeople from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions-and a new report published on
27、line in Current Biology explains why.Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressio
28、ns,“ Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.“According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expre
29、ssions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while
30、they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.It turned out that Easterners focused much gre
31、ater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,“ Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotio
32、n, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes t
33、o communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.66. The discovery shows that Westerners _A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth5B. consider facial expressions universally reliableC. observe the eyes and the mouth in different way
34、sD. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions67. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces.68. What does the underlined word “they“ in Paragraph 6
35、 refer to?A. The participants in the study.B. The researchers of the study.C. The errors made during the study.D. The data collected from the study.69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to _A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes mo
36、re attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly70. What can be the best title for the passage?A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding5. 2010 天津 BWhy play games?
37、 Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rulesplanning your next move acting as a team memberthese are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your lift.Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are
38、 entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dreams that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as talking turns and cooperating(合作).Many childrens games have a practical side. Children around the
39、 world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, b
40、ring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much
41、.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play itsome for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Califomian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through 6soccer. He created a foundation to provide poo
42、r children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.41.Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to lea
43、rn to .A.be a team leaderB.obey the basic rulesC.act as a grown-upD.predict possible danger42.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can .A.describe life in an exciting wayB.turn real-life experiences into a playC.make learning life skills more interestingD.change peoples
44、views of sporting events43.According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?A.It inspires peoples deep love for the country.B.It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.C.It helps the country out of natural disasters.D.It earns the winners fame and fortune.44.Iribarnes goa
45、l of forming the foundation is to .A.bring fun to poor kidsB.provide soccer balls for childrenC.give poor kids a chance for a better lifeD.appeal to soccer players to help poor kids45. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Games benefit people all their lives.B. Sports can get all athletes togeth
46、er.C. People are advised to play games for fun.D. Sports increase a countrys competitiveness.6. 09 天津 BI am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke（唤起） an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my
47、 trade. And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with.Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, Ive been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It ha
48、s always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. Ive heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peoples perceptions（认识）of the limited English 7speaker.I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mothers “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. T
