1、航海英语阅读理解 92 篇重庆交通大学2009.4.Chapter 1 （大连题库 60 篇）Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance
2、and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a
3、 daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and pass
4、enger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year.001.The deep-sea liners _.A. carry mainly containerized cargoB. carry mainly conventional cargoC. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesD. sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Liners _.A. always sail full
5、B. sail regularly even not fullC. always sail in ballast D. will not sail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners _.A. will be published weeklyB. will be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far EastC. will not be published e
6、ven they sail fully loadedD. is published prior to their departure004.It is implied in the passage that _.A. the number of passenger ships is smallB. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeD. container carriers should carry so
7、me passengersPassage 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea t
8、ramps. A number are classed as coasters. These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particu
9、lar type of cargo. There are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.005.Th
10、e deep-sea tramps _.A. carry bulk and general cargo across the high seasB. are built to carry passengersC. are mainly coastersD. are specialized vessel006.The coasters _.A. always sail across the high seasB. commonly carry oil cargoC. are mainly tankersD. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inla
11、nd ports007.The importance of LNG carriers _.A. is growingB. is not mentioned in passageC. is decreasingD. will be discussed further if necessary008.It is implied in the passage that _.A. the number of specialized vessels is not smallB. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC. the
12、tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships.D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo; however，an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional
13、dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carri
14、er is the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easier. Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be tra
15、nsported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier，although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.009.There are _ t
16、ypes of liquid bulk carrier.A. 2 B. 3C. 4 D. 5010.A multi-deck vessel has _ tween decks.A. has many B. noC. only one D. has up to two011.Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in_.A. containers carriers B. traditional shipsC. OBO ships D. refrigerated ships012.The types of dry cargo carriers menti
17、oned in the passage are _.A. tween deckers，OBO shipsB. traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC. OBO ships，oil tankers ，chemical tankers and LNG carriersD. dry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force
18、 working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse eff
19、ect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ships stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be correc
20、ted by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to g
21、o astern is known as_.A. axial thrustB. transverse thrustC. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterD. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will c
22、ant ships stern to_.A. starboard B. portC. to move ahead D. move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is_.A. going a sternB. going aheadC. stoppedD. making no way through the water016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by _.A. the rudd
23、er B. the propeller itselfC. the nautical instrument D. wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Masters chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Sev
24、eral companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There ar
25、e other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Sto
26、rekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the
27、Second Steward，the latter by the Ships Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be t
28、hree radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.017._ is not a petty officer.A. Boatswain B. Second StewardC. Radio Officer. D. Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher than_.A. Second Steward B. ABC. OS D. Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belong to _.A. Deck Dept B. Engine DeptC. Catering Dept D. Radi
29、o Dept020.There are _ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.A. two B. threeC. four D. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is i
30、mportant that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the users machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The
31、 user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the users equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change， or
32、 any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _.A. during transmissionB. in the display or printing on the users equipmentC. in converting to other software formatsD. in air mail delivery to the
33、readers022.The use of the data is advised to consult _ for further details.A. Mariners Handbook B. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port Entry D. Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items _ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility.A. change in the process of display or printing
34、B. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC. modifications made by licensees or other partiesD. professional amendments024.It is implied that _.A. the data are incorrectB. the data are to be corrected intensivelyC. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it
35、 with cautionD. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship
36、are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is tha
37、t some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does “innovation“ in the first paragraph mean? _.A. making changesB. the introduction of
38、an antigenic substance into the body against a specific diseaseC. The act of introducing something new.D. revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A. filledB. loadedC. stuffedD. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public027.Of the following，_ is not the fe
39、ature of the container ship?A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC. The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container028.The tonnage of container ship is _.A. decreasing B. increasin
40、gC. remaining the same D. changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-
41、to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a
42、small area， which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.029.Nautical charts need correction because _.A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B. there are always some mistakesC. wrecks may appear or be removedD. they could never be reprinted030.Correction
43、to charts are made by crew members in accordance with _.A. Notices to Mariners B. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port Entry D. Supplement031.In the passage，Blocks are _.A. large scale chartsB. representations of chartsC. reproductions of portions of chartsD. small scale charts032.The purpose of corre
44、ction to charts is to _.A. keep them up-to-dateB. make the charts brand-newC. keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section . Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annua
45、l Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent
46、book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of th
47、e new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.033._ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A. The Sailing DirectionsB. The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC. The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD. The Weekly Edition034.The parent book is _.
48、A. The Sailing DirectionB. The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC. the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD. the Weekly Edition035.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be _.A. made by handB. consulted at the last week of each monthC. stuck in the parent book or current supplementD. kept in a file with the latest
