1、英国高等教育的若干特点The UK higher education some characteristicIn October 2009, I as liaoning provincial party committee organization department of 11 training abroad to attend one of the British people for a masters degree in education. Professional education in an at the same time, higher education to the
2、characteristics of the British paper summarized and compared.A UK higher education, the basic situationBritish higher education institutions existing 165, the recruitment of students scale overall increased in recent years, the 2008/09 school year up to 2.396 million. Local, the countries of the Eur
3、opean Union and other countries 17:1:2 student ratio is about. The 2008/09 school year, staff for a total of 383000 people, including the academic staff 179000 people, the student/teacher ratio 13.4:1. The academic staff, is engaged in the teaching of 25.6%, the research is occupied 22.3%, and is en
4、gaged in the teaching and research of 51.5%, a part-time teacher accounted for 34.4%.Second, the UK higher education management systemThe UK higher education management system by the macroscopic guide, college independent operation. The British government business, innovation and skills department i
5、s responsible for formulating policies; Higher education guarantee higher education department and appropriations committee for quality control, audit and assessment, and to provide university provides the financial support and other services.The UK higher education the internal management system ar
6、e generally classified into university, strand and the three levels. The established management structure formed the academic authority and administrative power balance and constraints of the state. In the university level, usually set up the school board, the council and the council three committee
7、. The school board the main responsibility is include appointed the honorary schoolmaster, listen to the annual report and review the meeting records and financial accounts; The council is the schools highest administrative organization, with commuhttp:/ nity members. The main responsibility is resp
8、onsible for the school and the business of resources management, school funds of financing, appointed President and other important officials, engage teachers and accept eventually complaint; The council is responsible for the management of the school academic supreme body, main responsibility is to
9、 teaching, scientific research and academic control promote training of personnel. Strand and department of ministerial committee and departmental committee for their respective rights organization, its composition is the academic staff and administrative staff of mixture.Three, the UK higher educat
10、ion fundingThe UK higher education funding sources include government appropriations, tuition, scientific research income, social donation and other income. Due to scientific research revenues from the British government is most subordinate agencies, so the fund sources about 50% from the government
11、. Teaching funds, based on the number of students and the professional standard, take computational standard resources and assume that resources to achieve; Scientific research outlays of the main way to fund research is quality, according to the evaluation results of scientific research quality dec
12、ided to grant number. The fund is the main source tuition revenue non-governmental, since 2006, the tuition in the limit of pricing based on freedom. British universities are independent legal entity, can be independent from various channels to raise money, but the university did not good use of our
13、 advantage, income of social donation is much lower than the American colleges and universities.Four, the UK higher education orientationBritish universitys strategic positioning and the school mission each are not identical, but each university according to the teaching and scientific research leve
14、l and for the society made clear the radiation ability and accurate positioning, and with the core value objective way or breakdown of the concrete mission statement to the school to work as the guidepost. Such as the university of Cambridge mission is to pursue international school education, the h
15、ighest level of learning and research make contribution for the society. Manchester, Kent, Derby university has his unique mission school.Five, the UK higher education teaching ideaThe UK higher education students autonomous learning, emphasize the capability of solving problems independently, pays
16、attention to the cultivation of the team cooperation and critical spirit.The UK higher education basic nohttp:/ uniformity dates teaching material, the teacher will choose the latest and most of the most practical teaching content or, at the same time provide for each class of the bibliography. The
17、teacher the assignment only mostly given subject, students need to independent consulting a large number of literature material, and hence their ability to study independently exercise for.The UK higher education pays attention to the cultivation of students thinking of independence and the solution
18、 to the problem of creativity. In the classroom teaching teachers encourage students to speak, present their views, as long as evidence that a correct answer. Individual instruction, the teacher ask students how to think is mainly the and looked up what material, to give guidance and doubts. To have
19、 personal opinions and new idea of assignments and papers to high points, to encourage students innovation spirit.The cultivation of students team spirit is always running through in the teaching process. Teachers ask students to launch the discussion and group activities, to complete a work, and us
20、e PPT do collective report. Teachers with collective work is often in the score on the basis of overall evaluation, and then presents personal achievement.Teachers encourage students to use theory, scope and limitations of the evaluation of the objective, and puts forward some beneficial questioned.
21、 In practice, requests the student to deeply understand their thinking, based on the assumption of the concept and structure, and to their own assumptions and argument for the challenge. The cultivation of the critical thinking is not to deny, but to further optimize and improve.Six, the UK higher e
22、ducation teaching practiceTutorial. British university teachers position has served as whatever tutors obligation. Teachers should not only help students establish academic development planning, elective course, subjects, but also to the students learning and life for advice and guidance. This tutor
23、ial is particularly advantageous tohttp:/ the students in accordance with their aptitude, can better inspire students learning initiative and creativity, and also open the teacher of vision, achieve true a teacher-and-students purpose.Curriculum. British universitys curriculum is general by examinin
24、g the lecture, small classes counseling, experiment and self-study hours composition. Each semester usually has 3-5 required course and 1-2 optional course, weekly class in general not more than 20 hours. Curriculum closely combining society and industry needs, at the same time the attention curricu
25、lum integration, guarantee the continuity of the teaching content.Practice teaching. British university course work assigned by the teacher is often a report or paper, design, from strength and difficulty to see, which is equivalent to the design of curriculum in our country. This kind of assignment
26、 requires students to consulting a large number of literature material, practical stronger. Experiment by the teacher is responsible for guiding commonly, in the teaching assistant personnel or the help of graduate students finish. According to different grade, lab handouts in theory and in differen
27、t steps of the top priorities, the senior and junior students often need to access information with notes, to design the plan. The school also encourage students to use after school time for practice and industrial training, some undergraduate professional even set the “sandwich“ course that students studying in school first 2 years, and then practice 1 years, 4 years to complete the rest of the study task. This course enables students in degree certificate and the growth of social ability, improve the competitiveness of employment.
