1、个性化学案1当时态遇到被动（完成时）适用学科 英语 适用年级 高一升高二适用区域 伊顿名师榆林校区 课时时长（分钟） 60知识点 现在完成时的被动语态，过去完成时的被动语态，将来完成时。以及时态语态的综合把握。学习目标 掌握以上时态的被动语态的基本用法，重点了解被动结构及其用法。学习重点 完成时的被动结构。学习难点 对于被动结构的语境的判断。时态语态的综合把握。学习过程一、复习预习复习上节内容，并进入本节课程内容的学习。二、知识讲解考点/易错点 1： 现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点，学习时候应该注意下列几点：一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为 has/ have
2、 been done, 使用 has been done 时主语为单数，使用 have been done 时主语为复数。如：This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多国语言。His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：1) 动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：2）主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如：Our classroom has been cleaned, you neednt
3、 clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。三、现在完成时被动语态的用法1、用于不知道动作执行者是谁时His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。 （不清楚是被谁偷的）2、用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时个性化学案2Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。 （没人拿书，泛指）3、用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心
4、或特别需要强调时My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。（表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及）4、用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时Enough has been said here on this question. 关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。（意思是说：大家不要再说了）5、用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中（常用省略助动词 be 的被动语态）Road Blocked. 道路已被堵塞（新闻报道，省略了助动词 has been）6、用于动作的执行者不是人时The house has been washed away by the storm.
5、 那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。7、用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时Your letter has been received. 来信已收到。四、掌握现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换。从现在完成时被动语态结构 has/ have been done 可以看出 has/ have 为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于 has/have 来完成。构成否定句时直接在 has/have 后面加 not，构成一般疑问句时直接在 has/ have 后面加 not，构成一般疑问句时将 has/ have 提前，如：Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣
6、工了吗？His homework hasnt been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。The blackboard has been cleaned, hasnt it? 黑板已经擦过了，是吗？考点/易错点 2：过去完成时（1）常用过去完成时的几种情况：by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时刻的短语或从句。By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the stati
7、on.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用 had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示，即 had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected to have done。“时间名词before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句子中状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years be
8、fore.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.表示 “一就”的几个句型：Hardly/ No sooner/ Scarcely had 主语过去分词when/ than/ before一般过去时。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.（2）在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room, the boss
9、came in.We arrived home before it snowed.考点/易错点 3:过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时由“had + 过去分词 ”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用 by，before， until，when 等词引导时间状语。We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.个性化学案3过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：（1）表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与 by, before 等引导的时间状语连用。By the time he got to the schoo
10、l, the first period had been finished.The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?（2）在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。The said the producti
11、on costs had been reduced.The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.（3）根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.He did what he had been told to另：当从句由 af
12、ter，before，when 或 as soon as 引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived, he called her.They locked the door before they left.考点/易错点 4:一、将来完成的构成将来完成时的构成方法是“will have + 过去分词” 。如：Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望 3 年大学生活之后我能变成熟。Only five short years later, your money will have g
13、rown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后，你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。二、将来完成的用法1. 表示“将来完成”即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如：When we get there, shell have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。I expect you will have changed your mind by tom
14、orrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。2. 表示“持续”即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚就满 1 年了。By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我就已经为该公司干了 24 年了。3. 表示“推测即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如：That will have been Roland. He said hed be
15、 back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他 7 点钟回来。There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。考点/易错点 5:现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别1. 现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态；2. 过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到 “过去”某一时间个性化学案4的状态；3. 将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在 “将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到 “将来”某一时间的状态。请看例句：He has finis
16、hed writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样，在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时，而不能直接使用将来完成时：I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完
17、成工作之后我就同你去。若不强调动作的完成(且不至于引起歧义 )，有时也可用一般现在时 ：I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。三、例题精析【例题 1】【题干】1. By the time Jane gets home his aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. mind【答案与解析】C。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，by 加将来时间与将来完成时连用。又如：By May I will have
18、got a new car. 到 5 月我将已买到一辆新汽车。The old currency will have been phased out by 2020. 旧币分阶段至 2020 年将全部禁止流通。【例题 2】【题干】2. On her next birthday, Ann _ married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been【答案与解析】D。表示到将来某时（ her next birthday）为止势必会完成的情况，英语要用将来完成时，故选 D。又如：Dont worry. Its a s
19、torm in a teacup. Everyone will have forgotten about it by tomorrow. 别担心，这不过是茶杯里掀风浪，到明天大家就都把这事给忘了。If they succeed on Europe, then they will have reshaped the political and economic map of the world. 如果他们在欧洲获得成功，他们将会改变世界政治和经济格局。【例题 3】【题干】3. I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know. By next m
20、onth, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves【答案与解析】A。根据句中的 by next month 可知空格处应填将来时态，故可排除 C 和 D；至于是选个性化学案5A 还是 B，则需根据句意来确定，由于前文已说“正准备买车”，说明存钱已经存够了，故不宜选 B。句意为：“我听说詹森计划要买一辆车。 ”“我知道，到下个月，他积蓄的钱就够买一辆二手车了。 ”四、课堂运用【基础】下列句子中各有一处错误，找出并改正。1. She has been laughed
21、by her classmates since young.2. A quarrel has been broken out between the two neighbors.3. When and where to go for a trip have not been decided yet.4. All the preparations for the task have completed, and were ready to start.【巩固】1. The best way to prevent air pollution _, but the sky is still not
22、clear.A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used2. No permission _ to anybody to enter the building.A. have be given B. has givenC. gave D. has been given【拔高】：3. No decision _ about any future plan until all the villagers have been asked.A. will be made B. is madeC. is being made D. ha
23、s been made4. We cant go on with the class because the computer _.A. havent been repairedB. hasnt been repairedC. is not repaired D. doesnt repair课后作业【基础】：1. I got caught in the rain and my suit _.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined2. The policemans attention was sudden
24、ly caught by a small box that _ under a bed.A. has been placed B. was being placed C. had been placed D. would be placed3. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. were treated B. has been treated C. had been treated D. have been treated4. The construction of the two new libraries _ b
25、y now.A. has completed B. has been completed C. have been completed D. have completed5. Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop.A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,
26、 which _ the Pacific, and met no storms.A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called【巩固】个性化学案61.It wont be long before such a thing _ again.A.will happen B.happens C.is happened D.happened2.The boy whom you lent the bike to _ by a car.A.hit B.be hit C.having been hit D.was hit3.W
27、hy dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days.A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed4.Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place; have been set up B.have taken place; have been set upC.have taken place; have set up D.were taken pla
28、ce; were set up5.-Have you moved into the house? -Not yet. The rooms _.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are having painted【拔高】6.In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served7.According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at
29、 least a million dollars.A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting8.-The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned9.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.are persuaded10.It wont be long before such a thing _ again.A.will happen B.happens C.is happened D.happened
