1、1四级图表作文讲解与训练一、图表作文的类型二、图表作文的出题形式 三、图表作文的写作要领四、图表作文常用词汇与表达方式五、图表作文练习及其参考范文图表作文也是四（六）级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。图表作文表格（Table）可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出
2、表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。 2图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。（1） 圆形图作文圆形图（Pie chart）也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：（2） 曲线图作文曲线图（Line graph）也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所
3、代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：（3） 条形图作文条形图（Bar graph）也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1）同一项目在不3同时间的量；2）同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：第二节 图表作文的出题形式我们先来看几个四（六）级考试中的图表作文的例子。例 1 1991 年 6 月四级作文题 Direction
4、s: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1.state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) i
5、n the past five years;2.give possible reasons for the changes3. draw your own conclusions.4. you should quote as few figures as possible.4Kinds 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit and Vegetable 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100%
6、100% 100% 100% 100% 例 2 2002 年 6 月四级作文题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:1. 上图所示为 1990 年、1995 年、2002 年某校大学生使用计
7、算机的情况， 请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困20_18_16_14_12_10_8 _6 _4 _2 _1990 1995 2002Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week5难或问题。例 3：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991 年 6 月 6 级试题)Remember that your composition must be written
8、according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as fe
9、w figures as possible.从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1）用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2）就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。6第三节 图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的
10、语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1）在写作图表作文时，首先要仔细观察并认真分析图表的含义，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比如，作文标题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；2）确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；在分析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，要发现数据呈现的规律，要充分利用图表中的图形、数据等来说明主题。但是注意不要过多地引用数7据3）编列文章的提纲；4）根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔
11、接与过渡；5）检查与修改。 原则：A关键是要写清楚。B不要罗列所有数据，找出主要点；要归纳总结；C. 概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结第四节图表作文常用词汇与表达方式文章开头常用词汇 1.图表类型：table 表格; chart 图表; diagram 图表或图解，示意图; graph 图表 , 曲线图; column/ bar chart 柱状图; pie graph 饼图 2. 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal 显示; represent 表现, 描绘 3.内容：figure
12、 数字; statistics 用作复 统计数字 资料；8number; percentage; proportion (the of A to B) 表示数据 上升：increase, rise, ascend, soar, surge（激增）, go up, climb, mount, level up 下降: decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce ,lessen, level 平稳: stable, steady, remain steady/stable; /maintain/keep/be the same as/similar
13、 to ; little/hardly any /no change波动: fluctuate, fluctuation, rise and fall, up and down 占: occupy， take up， account for 而: while, however, whereas , on the other hand相比: by/in contrast, on the contrary, likewise, compared with 最高点: the highest, the top, the summit, the peak最低点: bottom, least, rock
14、bottom 最低点 例句 Prices have hit rock bottom. 价格已达最低水平平均值: average趋势: tendency, trend, inclination 9预见: prediction 比例：20 per cent , 20% one in three, 1/3 one out of every four， 1/4 有一个稳定的过程: a stable period can be seen 表示 变化程度的词：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧
15、性的，生动的，剧烈的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 表示程度：10almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 just over 刚超过 exactly
16、adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 常用词和短语 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的,显著的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 in the case of 在的情况下 in/by cont
17、rast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 11in comparison 相比之下 inversely/reversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 range fromto 从到不等excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v. 降低，跌落 elapse vi. （时间）过去，消逝 category n. 种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规律 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v.
18、预表示程度的副词：1.）程度较大：considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly2） 程度较小：slightly gradually slowly steadily常用句型与例句1.句型 As is shown by the graph/in the 12table（概述图表时用）例句As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of th
19、e country in the past five years. 正如曲线所示，最近 5 年来该国人口飞速增长。 2.句型 It can be seen from the table that （得出结论） 例句 A. From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew/rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从 1985 年到1990 年中
20、国的人均收入迅速提高。 例句 B. It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近 5 年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。3. amount to （数量总计） add up to come to sum up to 13例句 All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200. 全部费用合计 200 美元。4. incr
21、ease from to （数量增减） decrease rise fall drop 例句 A. The number of color TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由 1986 年的 5000 台增加到 1990 年的21000 台。例句 B. The number of participants grew up to 300000 persons.参加者的人数增加到 30 万。例句 C. The
22、 number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到 700 人。 5.（be）three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 年产量 the annual output of 上升 17 rise by 17per cent 日产量 the daily output 14导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 例句 The grain production (= output)in our
23、 area now is three times as great as that of 1970. 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于 1970 年的 3 倍。例句 The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily. 6.Compared with , 例句 Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent. 与去年相比，今年13 项主要产品的产量都有大幅度
24、增长。7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the rise on the increase sudden decrease on the decline steady decline gradual fall slow drop slight 例句 The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years. 最近几年来这个地15区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。As can be seen from the table (graph, form).From the ab
25、ove table it can be seen (concluded) that.A careful study of the table shows that.The number (percentage) is 3 times as much as that in 2000.In 2001, it increased (went up, rose) from 5 to 15 percent of the total (to 15 percent, by 10 percent).This bar chart describes significant changes in the owne
26、rship of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 2000 to 2010 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 2000, three out of four houses were state-owned. However,
27、 by 2010, the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%. The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been 16accompanied by a corresponding 相应的 fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade. (2000-2010) As is suggested ( unfol
28、ded 表明 / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored 反映) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (2000-2010)According to the above chart, there has been a dra
29、stic growth in the private ownership of houses, while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as opposed to / in contrast to the drastic decrease in the state ow
30、nership of houses in a matter of a decade. 17第 五 节 图 表 作 文 练 习 及 范 文 2002 年 6 月四级作文题及范文： Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline
31、 given below:1. 上图所示为 1990 年、1995 年、2002 年某校大学生使用计算机的情况， 请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。Student Use of Computers 大学生使用电脑情况Sample 1Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of hours a
32、 student spent on the 20 _18 _16 _14 _12 _10 _8 _6 _4 _2 _1990 1995 2002Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week18computer was about one hour per week, this number grew to nearly four hours per week by 1995, and to approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000. This signi
33、ficant growth in the use of computers by students in the 1990s can be attributed to several factors, including widespread usage, lower prices, and technological and social developments. Nowadays, computers are widely used by students for word processing, file keeping, multimedia presentations, and a
34、ccess to the Internet for both research and communication. Additionally, since 1990, due to competition and technological advances, computer hardware and software prices, as well as Internet usage charges have dropped significantly. Finally, technological developments and changes in social habits in
35、 the 1990s have played a major role in this tremendous growth in the use of computers. Todays society relies heavily on computers for immediate access to the news and for entertainment, including, listening to music, watching movies and sport events, and playing computer games. 19While computers are
36、 of great assistance to the students, and therefore, are indispensable tools, they also pose some challenges. The biggest challenge that many students face is discipline in the use of this powerful device. That is, students need to have the discipline of not allowing themselves to be lured by the en
37、tertaining aspects of this wonderful toolaspects that can result in addiction to computer games or viewing of undesirable material on the Internet. That is to say, students need to use this powerful tool with great wisdom! Sample 2As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student i
38、n a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2002 .In 1990, it was less than two hours. And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours. And in 2002, the number soared to(飞速上升) nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990.Obviousl
39、y computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females. A multitude of factors could account for the rise. In the first place, 20computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily conta
40、ct friends in remote places through the internet. In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between
41、 using computers an studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. 注：soar to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢 shrink 下降，缩水 1991 年 6 月四级作文题及范文 21Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
42、 of no less than 100 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1, state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;2, give possible reasons for the changes3, d
43、raw your own conclusions.4, you should quote as few figures as possible.Kinds 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit and Vegetable 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Changes in Peoples Diet Sample 1：From the char
44、t we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 221986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% i
45、n 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little
46、 to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purcha
47、se more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped.So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and n
48、utritious food, resulting in an improvement23Sample 2：As can be seen in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet in the past five years. Grain used to be the Chinese main food, but now it is playing a less important role in peoples diet, while the consumption of some high energy food
49、s, such as milk and meat, has increased steadily. What caused these changes? I think the reasons are as follows: First, the open policy brings the people opportunities to earn a lot of money. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the structure of their diet. They are seeking the most reasonable diet
