1、非谓语动词在英语句子中，动词有两类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种，即动词不定式，动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式。动词不定式1. 动词不定式的定义不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。不定式没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰。在句中不能单独做谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.不定式的基本形式肯定形式：to+动词原形否定形式：not+to+动词原形3.不定式的时态和语态不定式有进行体和完成体，也有被动语态。不定式有下列时态和语态的变化：以动词 do 为例主动形式 被动形式一般式(表示的动作通常与主要谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在
2、它之后发生)to do to be done完成式（所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生）to have done to have been done进行式（表示当谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行）to be doing -完成进行式（在谓语动词动作之前已经开始，并且一直进行着，到说话时为止，这个动作可能已经停止，也可能还在继续）to have been doing-4.动词不定式的句法作用由于动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，所以它在句中可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语。1） 作主语To ask him for help is necessary.It i
3、s not easy to master a foreign language.2） 作表语Her wish is to become a pop singer.3) 作宾语She wanted to borrow my dictionary.能直接跟不定式作表语的动词很多，常见的有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, pretend 等。3） 作定语Have you got anything to say?4) 作状语To catch the first bus, I
4、have to get up early.He was so angry as to be unable to speak.I was surprised to see him here.5. 疑问词+不定式的结构疑问词 who, which, what, when, where, how, whether 等后面接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中做主语，宾语，表语等。1) I dont know .(我不知道该选择哪一个)2) has not been decided.(何时动身还未定。)3) The question is .(问题是在哪能找到这本书。 )6.动词不定式省略 to 的情况1)
5、 在助动词或情态动词后面May I ask you a question?2) 在 make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to 等的Let me hear you play the piano.3) 在 had better, would rather, cannot but, do nothing but 等结构的后面Youd better .你最好告诉他实情。He cannot but agree.4）在 will you please+动词不定式一类表示邀请或命令的句型中Will you please ? 请给我带
6、点鸡肉来好吗？注：1.在介词 except, but 之后，如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式，不定式一般不带 to，反之要带 to.There is nothing to do except (wait)till it stops raining.There is no choice but (wait) till it stops raining.2.当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为了避免重复，不定式往往省略，只保留不定式符号 to。常出现在下列动词后面： want, wish, like, love, hope, plan 等。-Would you like to come to the p
7、arty?-Id love to.3.当两个或多个带 to 的不定式由并列连词 and 或 or 连接在一起时，第二个及其后的不定式符号 to 常可省略。Id like to lie down and go to sleep.动词的ed 形式 1. 定义过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词，副词，和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语的修饰。2过去分词的句法功能过去分词在句中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。1）作定语boiled water spoken English This is a book written by a peasant.作定语的过去分词如果是个单词，一般放在
8、被修饰词的 ；过去分词短语做定语，则放在被修饰词的 。2)作表语The door remained locked.3) 作宾语补足语I often hear the song sung in English.4) 作状语The professor came in, followed by a group of young people.She turned away, disappointed.注：过去分词短语做状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。3 过去分词的时态语态的用法过去分词一般表示完成被动的动作，只有一种形式，来自及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意义，来自不及物动词的过去分词则
9、表示完成的意义。动词的ing 形式1.动词ing 形式的基本形式（以动词 do 为例）一般式（表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生）doing being done完成式（所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前）having done having been done2.动词ing 形式的句法功能动词ing 形式可以作主语，表语，宾语或定语。1)作主语Learning new words is very useful to me.It is a waste of time arguing with him.2)作表语Her job is teaching E
10、nglish.3) 作宾语She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing.在 suggest, finish, avoid, cant help, appreciate, mind, enjoy, admit, delay, postpone, consider, deny, advise, excuse, escape, miss, pardon, imagine, risk, put off, give up, leave off 等后都可以用动词ing 作宾语。4）作介宾He insisted on watching
11、 the football game.Thank you for helping me.能接动词ing 的短语很多，常见的有： think of, dream of, prevent from, look forward to, depend on, be tired of, be interested in, be proud of, be afraid of, devote to 等5）作定语There is a swimming pool in our school.6） 作状语Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.Being ill
12、, he didnt go to school.Working hard, you will succeed.Being poor, the old man was happy.He sat at the table, reading a magazine.3. 动词ing 的否定式：not + vingNot knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for advice.4. 动词ing 形式做宾语时与不定式的区别1） 谓语动词的词义不变。但是当表示经常发生的动作或比较抽象的意义时，多用动词ing 形式作宾语；而表示某个将来的动作或具体的意义时，则多
13、用不定式做宾语。2） 谓语动词的词义不同V + ving + to vremember 记得过去曾经做过某事 记得要做的事forget 忘记了过去曾经做过的事 忘记要做的事try 试着做某事 努力做某事mean 意味着做某事 打算做某事regret 对已经发生的事表示后悔 对发生的事表示抱歉go on 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事stop 停止做某事 停下别的事来做某事巩固练习1. Catching the first bus will mean at five oclock.A. to get up B. get up C. getting up D. got up2. I will ne
14、ver forget Paris for the first time.A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visited3. The students are busy for the examination.A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared4. I regret hard at school.A. not to study B. not having studied C. not study D. having not studied5. The old man needs .
15、A. look after B. looking after C. being looked after D. to look after6. All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. were canceled B. having been canceled C. had been canceled D. have been canceled7. Traveling is , but we often feel when we are back fr
16、om travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 8. When I was passing by I saw them basketball on the playground.A. play B. to play C. playing D. played9. The mother saw their children well at the nursery.A. taking care of B. to take care of C. to b
17、e taken care of D. taken care of10.Tell the children there not to make so much noise.A. play B. playing C. to play D. played11. Something is wrong with my watch. I must have it .A. repair B. repairing C. to repair D. repaired12. Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. t
18、o invite C. being invited D. had been incited13. I was walking in the street when I heard my name .A. to call B. to be called C. called D. calling14. The teacher entered the classroom, by two students.A. following B. followed C. follow D. by following15. English is one of the widely languages.A. use
19、 B. using C. used D. to use16. There is nothing to do except till it stops snowing.A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits17. I am sorry you so much trouble. And thank you for help.A. to give B. to have given C. giving D. gave18. The doctor told the children less and more.A. to eat; sleep B. eat; sle
20、ep C. eating; sleeping D. eat; to sleep19. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have share C. share D. sharing20. Let me if he had decided it.A. to know; to do B. to know; do C. know; to do D. know; do强化知识能力1. The storm left, a lot of
21、damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2. Sarah, hurry up. I am afraid you wont have time to before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change3. My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me
22、 taking C. for me to take D. me to take4. Dont leave the water while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being running D. to run 5. The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused6.
23、 The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt7. -Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend there.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits8. The manager, his factorys products were poor in quality, decided t
24、o give his workers further training.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see10. Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; bori
25、ng B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring11. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked12. The teacher asked us so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make13. time , he will make a first-class tennis pl
26、ayer.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D.Given14. It is believed that if a book is , it will surely the reader.A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest15.The discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having caught B. catch t
27、he thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught16. Generally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken17. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warning before firi
28、ng shots.A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued18. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting19. I am going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ?A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought20. The pilot asked all the passengers on the board to remain as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating答案巩固练习：1-5 CCBBB 6-10 BACDB 11-15 DACBC 16-20 CBACC强化知识能力： DADBC 610 BAADA 1115 BDDDC 1620 BADBC
