1、1祈使句一、定义祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。祈使句一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语“You”。句末用感叹号或句号，用降调朗读。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。例如：1Catch the ball！接球！（句子的意思是让“你”接球）2Go and ask the teacher 去问问老师。 句子的意思是让“你”去问老师。 3Put the books in your bag 把书放到书包里。4Come and meet my family 来看看我家人。二、句型1 祈使句的肯定句式常见的有三种形式，即1)Do
2、型（以行为动词原形开头），例如：Sit down 坐下！ Stand up 起立！2)Be 型（以 be 开头），例如： Be quiet 安静！3)Let 型 （以 let 开头） ，含有 let 的祈使句可分为两种类型:一种是“Let名词代词动词原形”结构。Let me help you. 让我来帮助你。另一种是以 lets 开头的，它是一种特殊形式的祈使句，它并不是“命令，请求”对方做某事，而是说话者要与对方一起去做某事，常译为“咱们”。Lets go to the park咱们一起去公园吧。 注意：三种句型中 Do 型是最常见、最简单的一种结构。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末
3、加上 Please, 构成句式：Please或Please 以使语气更加缓和或客气。例如：2Please stand up或 Stand up, please请站起来。Please have a rest或 Have a rest, please请休息一下。另外,祈使句还有以下几种形式:（4）以 No 开头的祈使句, 结构为“NoV-ing”，它通常用于公共场所的揭示语中，表示“禁止做某事”。例如： No parking！不准停车！ No smoking，please！请勿吸烟！ （5）有时在口语中，为了表达简洁，直接用名词引起一个祈使句。例如： One moment，please！请稍等！
4、Hands up！举起手！ （6）有的祈使句中出现主语，目的是为了指明向谁提出请求或命令。例如： Tom，listen to me汤姆，听我说。 Take a seat，MrGreen格林先生，请坐。 有时是为了加强语气或表示厌烦、不高兴的情绪。例如： Dont you be late again你可别再迟到。（加强语气） You get out of here你给我滚出去。（表气愤）2 祈使句的否定结构是以“Dont动词原形”开头。例如：Dont go there, please 请别去那儿。Dont be late 不要迟到。Dont let the water run into the
5、room 不要让水流进屋里。注意：Lets 型祈使句，其否定式用 Lets not。如：Lets not have a rest 咱们别休息了。3Lets not sit here! 我们不要坐在这儿！3. 应答祈使句时，要用将来时，因为祈使句表示的是一种将来的概念。 Speak slowly. I cant follow you. Dont worry. Youll be all right soon. -Please dont look out of the window. -Sorry, I wont do it again. -Please remember to bring your
6、 dictionary here tomorrow. -Yes, I will. 注意:1 有时在祈使句后还可跟一个附加疑问部分 will you?，使语气更加婉转、客气。 Have a little more coffee, will you? Let us have a rest, will you? 但是当祈使句是 Lets 句型时，后面附加疑问部分要用 “shall we?“ Lets be friends, shall we? 因为 lets 句型包括说话人在内。而 let us 不包括说话人在内。 Let us do our homework, will you ? （说话人不做）
7、 Lets play, shall we ? (说话人也玩) 2 “祈使句，and/then/or + 陈述句”句型。 在该句型中，祈使句相当于一个 if 引导的条件句。而 and/then/or 的选择，有赖于祈使句表达的是一个肯定的祈使句还是否定的条件 祈使句表达一个肯定的条件时，要选用 and/then. Work hard, and/then you will pass the exam.= If you work hard, you will pass the exam. (努力学习是考试及格的肯定条件。) 祈使句表达一个否定的条件时， 要选用 or. Hurry up, or yo
8、u will be late.= If you dont hurry up, you will be late. (如果不快点，就会迟到)4Exercises:I. 仿照示例造句示例：Put on your new clothes. (the old ones)Dont put on the old ones.1. Look at me. (the blackboard)2. Look after your sister. (the cat)3. Give the exercise book to Mr Wang. (Miss Gao)4. Drink a glass of milk. (a
9、bottle of orange)5. Play football. (basketball)6. Throw a frisby. (fly a kite)7. Run with the kite like this. (that)8. Carry the bags to the cart. (the door)II. 组词成句示例 A：give, apple, me, an, please Give me an apple, please.1. me, listen, to, please2. the, window, open, please3. tea, some, drink, ple
10、ase4. new, the books, count5. the, blackboard, look, at5示例 B：give, not, do egg, me, an Dont/Do not give me an egg.6. the, door, not, do, close7. TV, not, do, watch, now8. catch, not, do, the, catIII. 用英语写出下列句子示例：咱们别站着。咱们坐下吧. Lets not stand. Lets sit down.1. 咱们别读了。咱们写吧。2. 咱们别听录音带了。咱们用英语交谈吧。3. 咱们别吃什么了
11、。咱们喝点桔汁吧。4. 咱们别看电视了。咱们做家庭作业吧。5. 咱们别踢足球了。咱们一起回家吧。IV. 改写成祈使句1. I want to have a cup of tea. _ _a cup of tea, _.2. You should not forget to turn off the lights. _ _ to turn off the lights.3.Youd better not go out at night. _ _ out at night.4.We should go now. _ _now.6V. 单选( ).1.Dont let the students_ a
12、ll the time.Tell them_ a break sometimes. A.study, have B. study, to have C. to study, to have D.to study, have( )2. _quick, or youll be late.A. Do B. Is C. Be D. To be( )3. _be late again.A. Please B. Do C. Dont D. Not( )4._call me Mimi! Its my cats name.A. Not B. Didnt C. Doesnt D. Not( )5. Lets_o
13、ut at the moment. Its raining heavily.A. to go to B. going C. not go D. not to go( )6.-Dont be late for class again, Mary. Sorry, I_.A. dont B. am not C. didnt D. wontVI. 同义句转换1. If you study hard, youll pass the exam._ _and youll pass the exam.2. Put on your coat, or youll catch a cold._you _put on
14、 your coat, youll catch a cold.3. Save water, or well be punished in the future._we _save water, well be punished in the future.4. Lets play basketball, shall we? _ _playing basketball?5.Dont open the door, will you? Will you please _ the door _?6.You neednt be afraid of that dog. Its a toy. _ _afra
15、id of that dog. Its a toy.答案7I. 1. Don”t look at the blackboard.2. Don”t look after the cat.3. Don”t give the exercise book to Miss Gao.4. Don”t drink a bottle of orange.5. Don”t play basketball.6. Don”t fly a kite.7. Don”t run with the kite like that.8. Don”t carry the bags to the door.II. 1. Liste
16、n to me, please.2. Open the window, please.3. Drink some tea, please.4. Count the new books.5. Look at the blackboard.6. Don”t/Do not close the door.7. Don”t/Do not watch TV now.8. Don”t/Do not catch the cat.III. 1. Let”s not read. Let”s write.2. Let”s not listen to the tape. Let”s talk in English.3. Let”s not eat. Let”s drink some orange.4. Let”s not watch TV. Let”s do our homework.5. Let”s not play football. Let”s go home together.
