1、英语语音知识讲座一、音标:1、字母:词的书写形式,元音字母 a e i o u. 音标:词的语音形式)2、音素:语音的最小单位。3、音标:标记音素的符号。如:Jones (英国), Kenyon b) 辅+元 he, go, hi在开音节中,元音字母发本身音,但 come some等例外。6、闭音节:a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元+辅 it us在闭音节中,元音字母发短音。(思考:eat 是闭音节吗?)三、拼读单词要注意的几点:1、浊化: school2、连读: not at all, half an hour3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 ): sit
2、down good job 4、同化:Would you like it? Cant you see it? 四、 容易混淆的元音 1) e bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England 2) i: greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say 3) Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug臭虫,程序缺陷同音词: peace-piece our-hoursee-sea-c won-one know-no father-farther arent-aunt 易读混淆词:wake week weak walk workmuch ma
3、tch march MarchKate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)4) au count-cant down-done5) au found-fond喜爱的, 溺爱的6) sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught 五、容易混淆的辅音1) v w vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心 west; vine 藤, 蔓 wine葡萄酒, 酒; very well 2) s sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math 3) z closing clothing ; breeze
4、 微风, breathe 呼吸 ; 4) n thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang5) r room zoom 缩放; 6) n l night light , not lot, no low六、重音和语调1、重音1)单词重音A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。如:letter, sorryb)有的前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。如:about, believe, address, decide, report, respect尊重, compare, inform通知, discuss, mistake, prepare, employ雇
5、用, permit, escape, produce, translate c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。outside, inside, well-known, unlike, fifteen, Chinese, retell, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, family, economy经济, opportunity, b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。 empoyee, 雇员, engin
6、eer工程师, cigarette香烟, Japanese, K.K2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻) 或 重-轻-(轻)(轻)重B) 读英语句子时间的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定,而不是汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定。C) 实词重读,虚词轻读 (冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,助动词,情态动词和系动词 be.)D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a)实词第二次出现: He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰: I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词: Which boo
7、k do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和 how:What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中: Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中: this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词 be在句首,句尾和否定时: Do you like it? Yes, I do.Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
8、 I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时:They may come this evening. Can it be five already? c) 介词在句首和句尾: In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义)2、语调 1) 升调:一般疑问句。2) 降调:陈述句,特殊疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调,最后一项用降调降。