1、 英语突破秘诀之英语句子基本句型及成分分析英语考试中，你是否单选总是模棱两可?完形看懂却得不到高分?阅读总有些长难句看不透?写作时总是句子不成型或是语法错误一大堆如果是那么你肯定没掌握好基本句型和句子成分的分析!句子是语言的中心 !如果无法理解句子，那当然无法拿到一个好的成绩。语法是英语学习的核心所在，而掌握好基本句型和句子成分的分析则有利于学生更好地理解消化英语知识点，并把握到英语的语言规律，学习起来也必会事半功倍！你想突破你的英语吗?你想打通你修炼英语中的任督二脉吗?还等什么!? 行动吧! -金星英语句子按照用途可分为：疑问句、祈使句、陈述句、和感叹句四种。疑问句包括：一般疑问、特殊疑问、
2、选择疑问、附加疑问、感叹疑问和反问句。按照其复杂程度可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。其中简单句又可以称为英语五大基本句型。最后我们来说说英语句子的成分：总的来说，句子皆由两种成分组成：主语部分和谓语部分。英语句子成分可以划分成两大类：基本成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）和附属成分（定语、状语、同位语和独立成分） 。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： + （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。二： + （主谓宾）点津】此句型中的谓语动词既必须是及物动词或短语动词，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定
3、式。 巧记跟动名词作宾语的动词秘诀之一：完成实践值得忙， （finish ，practice ， be worth， be busy） 继续习惯别放弃，（keep on， beused to， give up） 考虑建议不禁想， （consider，suggest， cant help， feel like） 喜欢思念要介意 （enjoy， miss， mind） 三： + （主谓表 ） 这一句型用以说明“某人（某物、某事、某种概念）具有什么特征或处于什么状态”谓语必须是系动词 。作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等秘诀：常用的联系动词有： 四： + （主谓间宾直宾） 【点津】此句型中的及物动词
4、后接两个宾语 (双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词 to 或 for 引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。秘诀：由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有： give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach 等;由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。五： + （主谓宾宾补） 【点津】此句型中
5、的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。秘诀：1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：call, make, think, name 等。2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：keep, make, find, think 等。3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach 等。 (2) 接不带 t
6、o 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：（在被动语态中 TO 要还原）4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：hear, see, watch, keep, find 等感官动词。5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：find, make, keep 等。新加四种新基本句型.6 “主语 + have + 宾语”（即“拥有”句型）这一句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么（宾语，即有形或无形的资源）”7。 There be + 主语 + 状语(介词短语)【点津】本句型又叫 There be 句型，常用来表示“ 在某地(某时) 有某物( 某人)”，但应注意与 have 的区别：have
7、 / has 作“有” 讲时，表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”，而 there be 结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。在此句型中，there 是引导词，无实义， 其主语是 be 动词之后的名词且这些名词通常用不确定的限定词(a, no, all 等) 修饰， 不用确定的限定词(the, this, that 等) 修饰。同时，此句型中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说：There is China in the east of the world. There are their books on the desk.注意：动词 be 在人称和数上应和其
8、后的主语(名词 ) 保持一致，be 动词应采取“ 邻近原则”，即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而定。在此句型中，谓语动词有时不用 be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如 live, stand, lie 等。8. 比较句型 这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。1） 相等比较: as + 形容词/ 副词原级+ as2） 劣等比较less+形容词/副词原级+ than 3） 优等比较：+ 形容词/ 副词比较级 + than ；4 ）最高级：the + 形容词/副词最高级（单数名词或 one）+of(among) + 人或物in + 场所9. “it +
9、is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句”（即评价句型）这一句型用于说明“某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征” 。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。（这里 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句 例：It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。句子成分分析主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补表语名词 YYY YYY Y Y YYY动词 YYY 形容词 YYY YYY副词 YY YYY Y数词 YY YY YY 代词 YYY YYY Y介短 YYY YYY YYY应试秘诀：(单选 完形 B 写作)1 名
10、词可数| 不可数单复数 （单数可数名词在句子中不能单独出现，要不前面加限定词要不变复数）动词谓语 V|非谓语 V 谓语 V 注意时态和人称；简单句中必须有且一般只能有一个谓语 V 非谓语 VTO DO 表目的；DOING 表伴随状态或强调正在进行的动作；DONE 表被动3 形副 互相转换 形+LY=副 比较级 最高级 形（定语）+名 系 V+形（表）副+形 实义 V+副4 代词 人称|物主 人称主格| 宾格 物主形物 |名物 名物= 形物+名词不定代词+形容词 反身代词注意单复数 -SELF 变-SELVES5 介词 介词后面接 V-INGy 一Analyse the sentences to
11、 see which sentence structure belongs toBirds sing beautifully 2.We like English3 .I make you clear 4.He went on holiday5 .I want to help him 6 .We are Chinese7 I give you help 8.We stopped to have a rest9 He bought a coat for me 10 Ill go swimming老师寄语:英语学习就像是寻找桃花源记里的入口，起初摸不着头脑，好不容易找到了也很难挤进去，但是一旦我们坚
12、持走下去，总会发现前面越走越宽。坚持就是胜利，虽然英语的语法知识系统繁复，但只要大家都能够学精学透，在实践中不断学习，排除不断出现的困难，那么你的英语必将突破！加油！三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（） 、谓语（） ，宾语（）定语（） ）状语（） 、补语（ ）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a
13、lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.
14、 How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.句型练习题1.I am sorry to have kept you _. a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road. a. run b. ran d. to run d. running 4. S
15、he felt somebody _her. a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch5. She taught him _speak English. a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how to 8.He warned _home . a. us to not go b. us not to go c. we not go d. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _. a. bed easily b. badly easy c. bad easy d. b
16、adly easily10.The sad news kept her _all the night. a. awake b. waken c. wake d. to wake 11.I think _a bad habit to get up late . a. that b. it c. this d. its 13.Roses in bloom smell _. a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweeten d. sweetness15.She was lying in the sofa _a book. a. reading b. read c. to read d.
17、to reading 16.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day. a. inform b. to inform c. informed d. informing17.The speaker found himself _all alone. a. left b. leave c. leaving d. to leave21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother _. a.made a cake to me b.made a cake me c.made for me a cake d.m
18、ade me a cake22. The teacher _John a good student. a. believes b. knows c. suggests d. considers48. There _a lot of news about the fire on TV last night. a. was b. had c. were d. is 49.There used to be a temple there, _?a. usednt it b. used there c. didnt it d. didnt there 50. There _ a stream in fr
19、ont of our house. a. lies b. has c. stand d. lie 突破定语从句关系代词|副词 难点This is the place _ (which/where) I spend my childwood .This is the place _ (which/where) I visited last summer .Ill will never forever the days _ (which/when) we spend together .Ill will never forever the days _ (which/when) we live t
20、ogether in the country秘诀：这类题目是初中从句中较难的一类问题，解答时关键要分清楚从句中的主语，谓语，宾语是否齐全，若不齐全则选关系代词在从句中充当成分！若是句子成分齐全，则选择关系副词充当状语！突破时态和语态练习( ) 4. Dad, please open the door, it _. OK, dear. Im coming.A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. be given B
21、. has been given C. will be given D. will give( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _.A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done( ) 9. Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?-If I dont go, _.A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he( ) 18. How long h
22、ave you _ the book?A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed( ) 19. Do you know him well ? -Sure. We _ friendS since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( ) 21. These farmers have been to the United States. Really? When _ there?will theygo B. did they go C. do they go D. have th
23、ey gone( ) 27. Hi, Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party.-Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam.A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got( ) 28. Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?-I said Id better go back to the office. I _ something this afternoon.A. would meet B. meet C
24、. am going to meet D. was meeting( ) 33. Every spring, many trees _ along the river.A. were planted B. is planted C. will be planted D. are planted( ) 37. Five years ago nobody knew him, although he _ more than 100 songs.A. already wrote B. have already writtenC. had already written D. was already w
25、riting( ) 39. It was the third time that I _ in at his office.A. have dropped B. had dropped C. dropped D. was dropping( ) 41. The flowers want _. Look, the soil is so dry.A. watering B. being watered C. to water D. waters( ) 43. Excuse me. Where is the sick boy sent here a moment ago?-He _ by the d
26、octor.A. has been examined B. will be examinedC. is examined D. is being examined( ) 45. Your name again? I _ quite catch it. Bartholomew Liveli.A. didnt B. dont C. couldnt D. cant( ) 47. He _ in bed all day long because he had a headache.A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lied( ) 49. More and more people began to _ that good health means good wealth.A. learn B. understand C. consider D. Realize 3640 DCCBB4145 ACDBA 4649 BBDD15 CCACB 610 CAACC 1115 CDACD 1620 ABCBA2125 BBBDD 2630 DBCAB 3136 CDDBB
