1、 现在虚拟 did/were一般虚拟 过去虚拟 had donewere to将来虚拟 did/were虚 1.if 型 should+V 原拟 注意：(省略 if, 要将 should/were/had 提到句首)语 不同时间的虚拟气 混合虚拟 虚拟与陈述的混合2.（ should）+V 原：(1)一坚持（insist）二命令（ order，command）三建议（advise， suggest，propose）四要求（desire，demand， require，request）注：当 insist 作坚持认为讲，suggest 当暗示、表明讲时不用虚拟语气(2) It is natura
2、l/necessary/strange/important/a pity/a wonder that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等(3) It is (high/about) time +that- clause (did, should do )(did/were 与现在相反)(would/could/might + do 与将来相反)3. 类似 if 型: (1)wish/as if+ that ( had done 与过去相反)did/were 与现在相反)（2）would rather/ if only would/could/migh
3、t + do 与将来相反had done 与过去相反)(3) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadnt been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)注意：without/but for+ 句子时态和 if 主句相同一 一般虚拟情 况 从句谓语动词的构成 主句谓语动词的构成与现在事实相反 Did/were should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反 had+过去分词should/would/could/might +have+过去分词与将来事实相反Did/wereshould+动词
4、原形were+不定式should/would/could/might+动词原形Eg: (1)If I had time, I would attend the meeting.(2)If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam(3)If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.Had it not rained,
5、 we would have gone out for a walk.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.二 混合虚拟：（1） 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.总结：只要有具体的时间，主从句分开看。(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.
6、You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二 Should+V 原(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that clause (should do/do )（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist 的判断)(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/
7、requested/required that clause(should do/do)(主从)(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表从）His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that clause(should do/do ) is （同从）(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。Its strange tha
8、t he should have missed the train. （表竟然）It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)（5）It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.三 类似 if 型（1）wish /as if + that clause (did/were 与现在相反 )(would/c
9、ould/might + do 与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反)Eg: 1. I wish I could go with them tomorrow.2. I wish I had never met him.3. She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.did/were 与现在相反 )（2）would rather/ if only would/could/might + do 与将来相反had done 与过去相反)eg;1. If only he would come tomorrow!2. I would rath
10、er you hadnt told her the news.(3)without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadnt been for + n. (otherwise 后从句同)I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadnt been for your help)巩固练习If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C.
11、could have been D. would be【解析】答案为 D。观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。句意：如果没有虚拟语气的话，英语会更加简单的。_he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. If B. Since C. Though D. When【解析】答案为 A。句意：如果他的腿没有受伤的话，他就会赢得此次比赛了。根据句意可知此句是是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选“if”引导虚拟条件句。If it _ tomorrow, we_ put off the visit to the
12、Yangpu Bridge. A. rains; would have had to B. were to rain; will have to C. should rain; would have to D. rained; should have had to 【解析】答案为 C。根据语境中所给时间状语 tomorrow 可知，这是表示将来的条件状语从句，本句可使用陈述语气（条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时），也可使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气（条件句用 did/were to do/should do，主句用 would do ），根据所给选项，只有答案 C 项为正确答案。特别注意省略
13、“if”的虚拟条件句_fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be【解析】答案为 B。虚拟条件句省略了“if”，要把“should”放在从句主语的前面构成部分倒装。句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其它福利也不会受到影响。_for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If
14、 it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 【解析】答案为 C。根据主句中谓语动词结构 would not have gone，说明前一分句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选用过去完成时结构，分析四个选项，只有选项 C（倒装结构）为正确答案。实际上，相当于一个陈述结构：If it had not been for。If Newton lived toda y, he would be surprised by what_in science and technology.A. had discovered B
15、. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered【解析】答案为 D。与现在的事实相反，从句用的是过去时，主语用 “would”加动词原形构成。“by”后的宾语从句是现在的事实，因此就该用与实际相符的时态来表示。“by” 后的宾语从句表示的意思是：科学技术已经发现的东西。They _two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 【解析
16、】答案为 B。【简析】根据下文“否则他们不可能负担得起 ”中所用的“虚拟语气” 表示“与过去的事实相反的情况” 可以推断上文应该是一个过去的事实。But for the Party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have died B. must have died C. would die D. died【解析】答案为 A。but for=without 意为“ 要是没有”，常跟虚拟语气连用。根据后面的时间状语判断是跟过去事实相反的虚拟语气。Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the ea
17、rth at night_, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 【解析】答案为 A。句中介词短语 Without the air to hold some of the suns heat 暗示条件，实际上相当于一个明确的条件状语从句 If there were no air to hold。根据句意，句中时间状语today 说明句子是对现在的假设，所以，该句应用与现在事实相反的动词虚
18、拟结构形式。 Having known earlier, we _such a thing from happening again. A. would stopped B. should have stopped C. would have stopped D. need have stopped He _ in the experiment last time. Luckily he followed your advice. A. failed B. was failing C. might have failed D. would have failed【解析】答案为 D。根据对话情景
19、可知，应答句 Luckily he followed your advice（很幸运他听了你的建议）实际上就是上一句讲话人暗示的条件。从应答句所给特定的动词时态（一般过去时）看，说明上一句中讲话人所说内容是对过去情况的假设，故暗示的条件句应为 If he hadnt followed your advice。由此可见，选项部分应为主句的谓语动词，与过去事实相反，应选用 would have failed。Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happen
20、ed D. happened【解析】答案为 A。as if 意为“ 好像，仿佛似的”，所引导的从句如果表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气。如果表示非真实情况，谓语动词用虚拟语气。因为伊丽莎所能想起的事都发生在过去，而不是发生在昨天，是非真实情况，所以要用虚拟语气。Im going to see the victims brother.Id rather you_.A. didnt B. do not C. dont D. do【解析】答案为 A 。 would rather 后面从句用一般过去时表示跟现在事实相反的虚拟语气。Dont you think it necessary that he
21、_to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what【解析】答案为 B。在“It is necessary that”句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型” ，“should”也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。 “that”没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。I wish tha
22、t you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have【解析】答案为 C。wish 后面用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。21. How did you find the movie So Young ? I have never watched _ one before.A. a touching B. the more touching C. the most to
23、uching D. a more touching 22. Where are you working now? In Chongqing. But I _ in Shanghai for 5 years. A. was working B. worked C. had been working D. had worked 23. Large quantities of people are unable to find work nowadays. Yeah, some of them _ jobs for years.A. are seeking B. had been seeking C
24、. have been seeking D. sought 24. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical, and this special chemical, _, affects our brains, making us feel happy.A. in turn B. in return C. in particular D. in advance25. In that college, whether Chinese literature should be a compulsory course or a/an _ o
25、ne has remained _; people are still arguing about it.A. special; controversial B. optional; controversial C. optional; contradictory D. special; contradictory 26. I quarreled with my girlfriend yesterday and she broke up with me. I wish you _ your temper then. A. havent lost B. didnt lose C. hadnt l
26、ost D. wouldnt lose27. I suggest you _ by these weight-losing medicines. They will do harm to your health. _ in my position, you would do anything to lose weight, whatever it costs.A. wont be taken in; If you are B. not to be taken in; If you wereC. not be taken in; Had you D. not be taken in; Were
27、you 28. So charming _ that most girls simply cant resist loving him _they see him.A. the man looks; for the first time B. looks the man; the first timeC. does the man look; the first time D. does the man look; for the first time 29. The terrible earthquake arrived _ the people could leave their hous
28、es.A. until B. before C. as D. if30. He marked the island _ they were sailing.A. where B. what C. on which D. for which 31. _ is known to us that it was _ his wife that resulted in their divorce.A. It; because of his betraying B. It; his betrayingC. As; because he betrayed D. As; after he betrayed 3
29、2. How did it _ that all the flowers died? I had forgotten to water them.A. come on B. come up C. come down D. come about33. I regret _ that his invitation was _ by Mary. If only you hadnt.A. to tell Tom; turned up B. telling Tom; turned downC. to tell Tom; turned down D. telling Tom; turned up34. M
30、isunderstandings _ from lack of social communication, unless _ properly, may lead to serious problems.A. rose; handling B. rising; handledC. arose; handling D. arising; handled35. Would you please relieve me of my heavy bags? _, for I am in a hurry to pick up my son.A. I will B. I wont C. Id love to
31、 D. Im afraid not 36. Believe it or not, _ you have, Im always on your side.A. how great difficulty B. what great difficultyC. no matter what great difficulty D. however great difficulty37. The contract was signed quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of _ .A. others B. the other
32、C. either D. another38. Could we bring some apples with us? No, you _. At no time _ in the library.A. couldnt; food is allowed B. couldnt; does food allowC. cant; is food allowed D. cant; allows food39. Do you have any vacant position in your company? Im afraid not. _, well inform you. A. If necessa
33、ry B. If possible C. If ever D. If any40. China is a country _ culture influences its neighboring countries.A. which B. who C. where D. whose完形填空（A）Theres almost nothing good about goodbyes, but if something is missed, it is because it was good. I really need to 41 people who helped me through this
34、year, people who made 42 in a different country easier.Of course, the first person I got to meet was Carla. Thats why shes the first person I thank, because of all the help with classes and the 43 she had with me.Since as an exchange student I cant drive, I would like to thank all the people that so
35、metimes offered me 44 . Thanks to all the people that were nice to me, no matter what. They were friendly 45 not knowing me, not having a good day themselves, not understanding my 46 .Theres a lot more to be thankful for, but all I can say is that this is 47 the best year of my life, and part of it
36、is because of some people I met in this 48 high school. Some of these people are already 49 , some are graduating, and some I just met this school year.I strongly believe that friends are always friends, regardless of age, 50 , race or anything else. All the friends I made there will always be on my
37、 mind. 41. A. remember B. recognize C. thank D. introduce42. A. touring B. working C. studying D. wandering43. A. patience B. promise C. agreement D. satisfaction 44. A. wines B. meals C. maps D. rides45. A. still B. even C. once D. only46. A. thought B. expression C. feeling D. accent47. A. doubtfu
38、lly B. relatively C. frequently D. definitely48. A. new B. poor C. popular D. modern49. A. graded B. graduated C. reported D. applied50. A. area B. community C. nationality D. district(B)Adults are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised
39、in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 51 swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still 52 away. A mother who has not 53 the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle
40、, twinkle, little star” or recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as following: 54 we have learned something, additional learning increases the 55 of time we will remember it.In childhood, we usually continue to practise such skil
41、ls as swimming, bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and 56 ourselves of poems such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star“ and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We not only learn but 57 .The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examin
42、ation, 58 it may result in a passing grade, is not a 59 way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, 60 , is usually a good investment toward t
43、he future.51. A. only B. even C. hardly D. still 52. A. ride B. move C. drive D. travel53. A. cared for B. showed up C. thought about D. brought up54. A. Before B. Until C. Once D. Unless55. A. accuracy B. unit C. limit D. length56. A. recall B. remind C. warn D. inform57. A. Recite B. research C. o
44、verlearn D. improve58. A. if B. though C. so D. after59. A. satisfactory B. swift C. convenient D. demanding60. A. in the end B. at most C. by the way D. on the other hand 答案：21-25 DBCAB 26-30 CDCBD 31-35 BDBDD 36-40 CBCDD41-45 CCADB 46-50 DDABC 51-55 DACCD 阅读理解Its good to make mistakes, and here is
45、 whyFirst of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new thingsIts always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growingIf you never try anything new, how can you improve? How can you expand? The simple answer is “You cant”Look around youWith very few except
46、ions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something newAnother good thing about mistakes is this: When you are making mistakes, you are learningConsider this: Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the
47、light bulbWhen asked how it felt to fail that many times, he said that he hadnt failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that didnt workFinally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to successWhy?Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeededEvery time you make a mistake you eliminate one of those things and are one step closerBut this all doesnt mean that you should go ahead without considering the consequences of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some rea
