1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,虚拟语气在if从句中的用法,如果上天能够再给我一次机会,我会对那个女孩说：“我爱你” 。,If I had one more chance, I would say to the girl “I love you”.,虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,If I had one more chance, I would go to university again.,If 过去式（be 一般用were）I would/should/could/might +v,If I had o
2、ne million dollars, I would buy a villa.,对现在情况的虚拟：,If I hadnt quarreled with my friend, she wouldnt have been angry with me.,对过去情况的虚拟：,If I (过去完成时) hadnt/ had done sth, I would（wouldnt） +have done,If I,became were to become should become,a scientist in the future,对将来情况的虚拟：,I would try to find a cure
3、 for cancer.,If I did/were to v./ should v., I would+v,1.If the world-war broke out again,what _(happen) to our people on earth? 2. What _(happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow? 3. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,were to get up/ got up/ should get up,would happe
4、n,had met,would have gone,would happen,对现在假设,对将来假设,对过去假设,4.If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. 5. If I were in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.,would have passed,would ask,had been,对过去假设,对现在假设,1.如果我是你的话,我现在会用另一种方法做那件事.,If I were you, I would do it in another way.
5、,2. 我昨天要是有时间,我就和你一起去那了.,If I had had time yesterday, I would have gone there with you.,3. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去野炊了.,If it were to rain/ should rain/ rained tomorrow, we wouldnt go for a picnic.,4.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,5.如果没有虚拟语气（subjunctive mood), 英语会更容易些。,If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have
6、met him.,If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be easier.,虚拟语气if从句注意点：,If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital now.,1.错综条件虚拟语气：if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,（从句-过去/主句现在）,2. If I _(be) you, I _ (take) his advice yesterday. 3. If you _(win
7、) the match yesterday, you _(travel) to Beijing now.,1.If he _(not work) hard last year, he _(not get)such a great success now.,hadnt worked,wouldt get,were,would have taken,had won,would travel,（从句-过去/主句现在）,（从句-现在/主句过去）,（从句-过去/主句现在）,2. 倒装： 从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you
8、, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,Were I you, I would give it up.,Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we
9、 do?,Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.,Should there be a flood, what should we do?,If I were a bird , I would fly in the sky.2.If there hadnt been your help, I would have failed the exam. 3.If he should be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.,Were I a bird, I would fly in the
10、sky.,Had there not been your help, I would have failed the exam.,Should he be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.,1. If I _ a map, I would lend it to you.a. have b. had c. should d. would 2. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed,3. If
11、you _ to lose weight, you _ less bread. a. wanted ate b. wanted would eat c. want eat d. would want ate 4. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. a. had met b. met c. would meet d. would have met,5. If only I _ to my parents! ( But I didnt.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d
12、. would listen,15 Had you listened to the doctor, you _- right now. A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been,16 _ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. CouldB. ShouldC. MightD. Must,17 _ to do the work, I should do it some other way. A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I,18 _ today, he woul
13、d get there by Friday. A Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. were he to leaveD. If he leave,19 _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I receivedB. Should I receivedC. Had l receivedD. If l could have received,高考链接,7.（2006福建卷,27）. If it were not for the fact that she _sing, I woul
14、d invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not 【解析】 .虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况， 故不用虚拟语气。 【答案】C,返回目录,If 从句虚拟语气的变形：,Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,=If there were no
15、sunlight, ,=If there were no water, ,if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如 果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast.,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词: suggest, order, demand, propose, request, command, insist 等后的宾语从句中, 用虚拟语气(即should + do或者只用动词原形do),来表示愿望,建议,命令
16、,请求等。,e.g. The doctor insisted that the patient (should) be X-rayed.医生坚决主张病人做X光。I suggest that we (should) set off at once .我建议我们应该立即出发。,2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中例如 It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight,3) advice, idea, o
17、rder, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening,wish +宾语从句(虚拟语气), 表示不可能实现的愿望,1) 与过去事实相反, 从句用过去完成式：had done 2) 与现在事实相反, 从句用过去式：did/ were 3) 与将来事实相反, 从句用should/ would/ could/ might +do,e.g. 我真希望我从来没遇到过他。 I I wish I had n
18、ever met him.我真希望像你一样强壮。 I wish I were as strong as you.但愿你这次获得成功。 I wish you would succeed this time.,as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,1) 当从句里的时间先于主句的时间时,从句用过去完成时 had done. e.g. He talks as if he had been to the moon.他高谈阔论就好像去过月球一 样。,2) 当从句里的时间与主句的时间是同一时间时,从句用过去式did/ were. e.g. He talked as if he we
19、re Napoleon.他说话的时候就好像他是拿破伦一 样。 3) 当从句里的时间后于主句的时间时, 从句用would do. e.g. He talked as if he would go to the moon.他高谈阔论就好像要去月球一样。,would rather 后接从句,也可用虚拟语气,1) 叙述现在或将来的事情, 从句谓语动词用过去式。 如:I would rather you stayed here.我宁愿你待在这。I would rather he came tomorrow.我宁愿他明天回来。 2) 叙述过去的事情,表达实际上并未发生愿望时,从句用过去完成时。如:I wo
20、uld rather he had come yesterday.我宁愿他昨天回来。,It is time that 虚拟形式,It is (high/ about) time that + 从句(过去式) e.g. It is high time that you caught the bus.是时候你刚好赶上公共汽车。It is high time that we took actions to keep peace in the whole world.是时候我们该采取行动维护世界和平 了。,在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时, 同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式, 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础, 在
21、此基础上, 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等,综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气, if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意,在学习as if引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式 对if only的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点. 它表示“要是就好了”, 谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望. 如: If only she had known where to find you! If only I could
22、speak several foreign languages!,The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation. A. made B. make C. makes D. will make,2. Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. will not do,3. The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecr
23、aft to explore the planet first. A. sent B. sends C. send D. must send,4. Its high time you _. A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work,5. We required that the machine parts _ cast iron. A. is made of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by,6. The managem
24、ent urged that the cost of production _. A. to be further reduced B. was further reduced C. be further reduced D. should further reduced,7. “She wouldnt drink her medicine last night, would she?” “_.” A. No, but I wish she wouldnt B. No, but I wish she had C. Yes, I wish she drank D. yes, I wish she
25、 could,8. “Your performance was very good.” “I could have done better if I _ more time.” A. have had B. had C. had had D. will have had,9. It is strange that such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened,10. Dr Bethune worked hard as if he _. A. never had felt
26、 tired B. had never felt tired C. never felt tired D. was tired never,Practice : 1 . Without electricity human life _ quite different today . A is B will be C would have been D would be 2. We _ the work on time but for your help . A hadnt had finished B didnt have finished C couldnt have finished D
27、mustnt have finished,D,C,1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B.Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been,A,B,3. _ she _ yesterday,
28、 she would meet the famous singer today. A. If , hadnt left B. Had , left C. If, didnt leave D. Didnt, leave 4. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C.might have got D. maybe get,A,B,5. _today, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he t
29、o leave D. If he leaves 6. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be,C,D,D,8.If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.
30、A. would tell B . will tell C. have told D. would have told 9.If it _ tomorrow ,we _ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A rains , would have had to B were to rain , will have to C should rain , would have to D rained , should have to,A,C,10. - If he _, he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to th
31、e hospital immediately. A. was warned would not take B. had been warned would not have taken C. would be warned had not taken D. would have been warned had not taken,B,11. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. _, she would have met my brother.A. if she has come B. If she came C. did she come D. Ha
32、d she come 12. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove;didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,D,D,13. But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrivedC arrive D arrived 14. Without the leadership of
33、the Party , there _ no New China . A would be B has been C was D should be 15. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C should be D must be,B,A,B,如果过去两年我努力学习的话，我现在英语会更好些；如果我现在英语更好些，我半年多以后就可能会考上浙江大学；如果考上浙江大学，我以后就可能找到一份好一点的工作,If I had studied hard in the past two years, my English would be better now;,If my English were better now, I might be admitted to Zhejiang University in more than half a year .,If I were/should be/were to be admitted to Zhejiang University, I might find a better job.,My Wishes,
