1、1breakbreak away逃走；逃脱The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。断裂；开裂A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。脱离，背叛 The people of the province wished to break away
2、and form a new state.抢跑，甩掉She broke away from the pack and opened up a two second lead.break down破坏；拆散The Congressmen of the Republican tried to break down the opposition from their opponents to their proposal. (喻)共和党的议员们试图使他们的反对派不再反对他们的提案。Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substa
3、nces.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。break down old conventions打破旧框框The robbers broke the door down.强盗们把门砸开了。The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。（机器）损坏The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。失败；破裂Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。Negotiations between the two sides
4、have broken down.垮掉 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.精神崩溃；失去控制He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。起化学变化Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。细分；分类Each lesson is broken down into several units.break in闯入；强行进入The burglar broke in and stole my money.打断；插嘴Its her usual habit to break in
5、 with some ideas of her own.Dont break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.Children shouldnt break in on adults conversation.The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.电话铃声打断了我的思路。训练；驯养；使（某人）熟悉工作The engineering doctor from abroad only broke in with us last month.从国外回来的工程博士是上个月才开始和我们
6、一道工作的。break into闯入The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces.土匪们闯进了珠宝店盗走了几乎所有值钱的项链。突然起来to break into songThe crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.观众们爆发出一阵欢呼,醉汉鞠了一躬。粉碎The car windows broke in
7、to pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.两辆车相撞时车上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor, and it broke into fragments.新来的女服务员把菜盘子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。勉强启用to break into ones savings勉强动用存款找开钱 I had to break into a 20 to pay the bus fare.我只好破开一张 20 磅钞票买车票break off中断 He broke off in th
8、e middle of the sentence.折断 The back section of the plane had broken off.She broke up a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.绝交 Theyve broken off their engagement.to a relation2break out突然发生It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。World War II broke out in 193
9、9.She broke out in curses in her dream.逃脱；逃出 + on sthto break out of prison 越狱而逃突然布满 + in sth她在梦中大声咒骂起来。His back broke out in spots.他背上出现了许多斑点。He broke out in a cold sweat.break through突破After the storm the sun broke through the clouds.风暴过后太阳冲破了云层。At last, those physicians and specialists broke thro
10、ugh in their fight against heart disease.那些内科医生和专家们终于在同心脏病的斗争中取得了突破。The guerrillas soon broke through.游击队很快就突围了。break upThe crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑时人群开始散开了。The company top meeting didnt break up until midnight.公司高层会议到半夜才散会。The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天
11、气转暖,冰层就会破裂。Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻破裂了。The police broke up the fighting crowd.警察驱散了打架的人群。He may break up under all this pressure.在这么大的压力下他可能会崩溃。Break it up!别打啦!The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs.警察驱散了两个黑帮间的殴斗。When will you break up this winter?今年冬季你们什么时候放假?使发笑；逗乐；使苦恼That jo
12、ke really broke me up.那个笑话可把我逗乐了。callcall at 火车短暂停留call for需要；要求；值得：to call for bid 招标The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。去接 Ill call for you tomorrow.call in打电话来 Several people have called in sick today.召来 to call in a doctor要求退回 Cars with serious faults have been called in.call off取消The
13、 meeting has been called off.会议取消了。叫走，叫开call on拜访 Ill call on him tomorrow.号召；呼吁邀请call up召集；动员使人想起 (= call upon)打电话给征召入伍（士兵、运动员）comecome about发生 How did it come about?come across偶遇；碰到 (= come upon)被理解 He spoke for a long time but his meaning didnt really come across.发生效果；受欢迎Your speech came across v
14、ery well.你的演说极受欢迎。提供 I hope she will come across with some more e again（如有空）再来Come again? 再说一遍；重复一遍；你说什么？3come along到达 when the right opportunity comes along, she will take it.进展；进步；进行Hows your work coming along?健康好转；有起色Mothers coming along nicely.发生；偶然出现Take every chance that comes along.抓住每个机会。追随；
15、跟着来 Come along!跟我来 !These visitors came along with some business men.这些旅客是和一些商人一起来的。Come along! 卖力点！Come along!; Come on now!再加把劲!;快!come away离开 We came away with the distinct impression that all was not well with their marriage.脱开；脱落；断裂The handle came away in my hands.门把手在我手里脱落了。come down传递；传给The s
16、ong comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从 10 世纪一直传到我们这一代。These legends came down to us from the 15th century.减价 “I dont think TV sets will come down this year, do you?(喻)“跌落The roof of the grannys hut came down during the night.老大娘草屋的屋顶在夜间塌下来了。降落 We were forced to come down in a field.决定并宣布the
17、 committee came down in support of his application.下乡；返乡 +fromto离开大学（尤指离开牛津大学和剑桥大学）+fromcome down to earth回到现实come down on惩罚；斥责He came down on me like a ton of bricks when I arrived late.我迟到时他对我大发脾气。come down to变为；成为；归结为What do our choices in this come down to?归结而言，我们对此还有多少选择？come down with患（病） ；得（病
18、）come in流行；时髦；上市When did the short skirt first come in?（在比赛中）获得名次 come in third到达；抵达Has the train come in yet?可能有用“This material, though a little bit old, will come in useful/handy one day, so dont throw it away.“这种材料虽然旧了些,但有朝一日会用得着的,不要扔掉。参与；获利；有份儿；起作用Where do I come in?我的作用在哪儿呢？涨潮发表意见come in for得到（
19、权益） ；接受（份儿、遗产等）She came in for a fortune. 她得到一笔财产。受到（责怪）The governments economic policies have come in for a lot of e into继承, 获得（遗产）Tom came into a fortune when his uncle died.汤姆的叔叔去世后,他得到一大笔钱。开始；进入As we came into harbour another ship hove alongside.当我们进入港口时,另一艘船也驶进港来。The mountain town came into sig
20、ht as we turned the last corner.我们拐过最后一个弯,山城就映入了我们的眼帘。The contract will come into effect as soon as it is signed.; The contract will go into effect as soon as it is signed.这项合同一经签署即开始生效。是重要的 Luck doesnt come e into fashion开始流行come into ones own获得应得的（尊敬、权力、赞赏等）come of出身于 He comes of a good family.从产生
21、；由引起Will good come of your actions?4come of age 成年（指法定的，通常指 18-21 岁）come on出现；出场The player came on late.开始Rain came on just before daybreak.I can feel a cold coming on.The case of police bribery will soon come on for trial.警方收贿案很快就要开审。What time does the news come on?发展 The project is coming on fine.
22、偶遇；碰到 +sb快点，加油得了吧 Oh come on, you know that isnt true!come out（照片上）显露；结果是My sister came out well in that photograph.出现The stars came out as soon as darkness fell.公开；问世；出版；被刊行The news came out that king and queen suddenly fell ill.When does Johns book come out?公开表明The Asian countries along the coast
23、of the Pacific all came out against the US new military base in Japan.太平洋沿岸的亚洲各国都宣布反对美国在日本的新军事基地。说出 I tried to say “I love you”, but the words woudnt come out.除去（颜色、记号） ；消失Ive washed this shirt twice and the ink still hasnt come out. 这件衬衣我洗了两次，墨迹还是洗不掉。罢工；怠工The workers are coming out.初入社会；初入社交界开花come
24、 round恢复知觉；苏醒过来改变主意；回心转意Hell come round to our way of thinking.经常发生；重又来到 May Day will soon come round.平息（愤怒） Leave him alone and hell soon come e through（官方消息）传来Have your examination results come through yet?你的考试结果收到了没有？实现诺言 +withJohn has come through with the money.约翰设法弄到了钱。经历过仍活着；经历；脱险John was so
25、ill he was lucky to come e to涉及；谈及When it comes to politics I know nothing.获致；到达；结束They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.The car came to a dead stop.The water came to my waist.The performance of the opera has come to its climax.总共；共计 he bill came to $5.50.突然想起 Sudden
26、ly the words of the song came to e up（清洗后）成为；出现 The silk dress came up beautifully.破土而出 The grass is beginning to come up.发生 something urgent has come up.被提及 the subject came up in the conversation.即将到来 her birthday is coming up soon.审理 her divorce case comes up next e up against 遭遇（反对） ； 碰到（困难）come
27、 up against a series of e up with想出（计划、回答） ；作出（反应） ；产生getget down（小孩）饭后离开餐桌困难地吞下 Come on, get the pill down.写下，记下 get the number down使疲倦、生病或不安The bad weather is getting me down.这坏天气使我毫无精神。get down to +n./-ing认真地静下心（工作）to get down to workget on应付 We can get on well without her. 变迟；变老 Time is getting
28、on.时间已晚。继续 Get on with your work!进展成功 to get on in ones job5get on for（时间、年纪、距离）接近，迈进， 快到She is getting on for fifty.她年近了。get onto与接触得知，获悉The police finally got onto him.警方终于得知了他的欺骗行为。开始讨论或从事How did we get onto that subject?登机；骑上；爬上I get onto the train every morning at 6:30.get out of（使）逃避；避免；摆脱使说出T
29、he police got the truth out of her.警察迫使她说出真相。获得，得到How much did he get out of the deal?那笔交易他获得了多少钱？get over做完；结束；熬过 Youll be glad to get your over operation.使人了解或接受 get ones meaning over to the audience痊愈，康复 It took me a long time to get over my cold.克服 Can we get over this difficulty?I cant/ couldnt
30、 get over. 我十分惊讶。get round解决，克服（=overcome）说服，争取（某人） She knows how to get around her dad.get round to +-ing找时间做 Ill get around to answering your letter.get through用完 We got through a fortune while we were in NYC.接通（电话）get through (to you)到达 Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies dont get th
31、rough them让人了解 Get it through to him that he must rest.要让他了解他该休息了。处理；完成 Theres a lot to get through.通过 get through the exams get her students through the examget up（使）起床；起身（病后）起床（风、火等）变得 猛烈，增强筹办；准备；演出 to get up a party研究 to get up a subject穿起；装束 She has got up in a new costume.增加；提高 to get up speed（
32、与 to 连用）到达 What page have you got up to?givegive off发出，放出(热、气味、光)give onto面临；朝向The door gives onto the garden.门开向花园。give out分发to give out pamphlets 分发小册子Give the money out to the children.用完，用尽Our food supply at last give out.His strength gave out.停止，不动The engine gave out.发动机停止了。公布，宣布；发表It was given
33、 out that he was dead.他的死讯已经公布。发出（声音）The radio is giving out a signal.give over停止（做） ；放弃I hope the rain will soon give over.Give over that crying!交给，交付，交出We gave him over to the police.我们把他交给了警方。give over to（时间、地点） 专用于致力于；献身于；埋头于to give oneself over to ones work6致力于工作(= give up to)give up on 不抱希望hol
34、dhold against归咎于；责怪We mustnt hold against him that he has been in prison.我们不要因为他过去坐过牢而对他有偏见。We shouldnt hold his past mistakes against him.我们不该因他过去的过错而歧视他。hold back阻止 (= keep back)The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the flood waters.“村民们筑起土坝,防止洪水泛滥。 “No one can hold back the wheel of his
35、tory.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。抑制（情感、情绪） (= hold in, keep back)The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer. (喻)老板再也抑制不住怒火了。阻碍发展 (= keep back)退缩不前 (= hang back, hang behind)保密；隐瞒 to hold back informationhold down保有（一份工作） a job压抑；压低；控制to hold prices down把物价压下来hold off保持距离；不接近Mary tends to hold off from
36、people.玛丽总是不接近人。拖延；延期 (= put off)“The rain may hold off, but it wont hurt to take the raincoat with you.“雨可能下不下来,不过把雨伞带去总没有坏处。 “The board of directors will hold off making a decision until next Wednesday.董事会将推迟到下星期三才作出决定。使离开；延缓到 (= keep off)We must be ready to hold off the coming storms attack.我们必须准
37、备好阻挡即将来临的暴风雨的袭击。Will the rain hold off until after the game?这场雨能拖到比赛结束之后再下吗?hold on（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂上Could you hold on? Ill just see if the managers in.你不要挂断电话好吗?我去看一看经理在不在。坚持= hold outhold out给予；提供 Doctors little hope of her recovering.支持；继续Will the car hold out till we reach London?这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗？Ho
38、w long will our fresh water supplies hold out? captain asked.“船长问道,我们的淡水还能支持多久?“坚持；忍耐 (= hang on, hold on)He seems to hold out no hope of succeeding.他好象对成功不抱有希望。I cant hold out much hope that the weather will improve.对于天气会变好我们不能过于乐观。伸出 He held out his hand.hold over延迟；延期 The matte was held over unti
39、l tomorrow.期满后继续上映 The film was held over for another week.威胁；勒索 hold sth over sbhold to坚持；遵循I shall hold to my decision.我将坚持我的决定。hold up使停滞 An accident is holding up traffic.拦路抢劫 +sth举起展示；提出（作榜样）His son was held up as a model of hard work.他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样。支撑住 Shes holding up well under the pressure.
40、举起来hold with+n./doing同意，赞成（用于否定句）7keepkeep at 坚持做，不放弃keep back阻止，阻挡The police tried to keep the crowd back from the injured man.警察试图挡住人群，不让他们靠近受伤的人。隐瞒，保留He can keep nothing back from his friends.他向朋友什么也瞒不住。扣下；留下The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform.老板每月扣我 50 美元服装费。使学生留级/留堂keep down控制，压制
41、They are taking steps to keep down the rabbit population.他们采取步骤控制兔子的繁殖增长。卧下；蹲下；不举起Keep down theyre shooting at us!趴下，他们向我们开枪呢。咽下；不吐出I feel ill, doctor, and I cant keep any food down.大夫，我病了，咽不下任何东西。压低声音keep in with和保持友谊keep off避开；不接近Keep off the grass!请勿践踏草地！My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
42、我的医生劝我别吃糖。Keep your dog off me.把你的狗从我这儿拿开！“Keep off oil, or else it will perish your rubber boots.“不要碰油,否则会把你的橡胶鞋弄坏的。“keep on继续；保持He just kept on writing.他正在继续写。（与 at sb 连用）纠缠keep out关在门外；不准入内to keep the smoke out不让烟进来This coat keeps out the wind.这大衣挡风。keep out of躲开；置身于之外Do you try to keep out of tr
43、ouble!你得躲开这麻烦。Keep out of the sun.避免日照。Keep out of mischief.不要再捣蛋了。keep to坚持；保持；不离开He always keeps to his promises.他总是说话算数的。We kept to the roads we knew.我们不离开我们认识的路。keep to oneself对守口如瓶He kept his conclusions to himself.他对他的结论守口如瓶。keep up继续；坚持If this rain keeps up the garden will be ruined.如果这雨继续下，花
44、园就完蛋了。保持；维持The high cost of materials keeps up prices.材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。Keep your chin up!不要气馁!;不要灰心!keep up with跟上；不落后；赶上Dont run I cant keep up with you.别跑了，我赶不上你了。Are wages keeping up with inflation?工资跟得上通货膨胀吗？8looklook back（与 on, to 连用）回想，记起停滞不前From this time on, he never looked back.“After he won
45、the first game, he never looked back.“他胜了第一局后,就节节胜利。“look in顺便看望；短暂访问Why dont you look in on me next week?look on（常与 as 连用）旁观Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked.May I look on with you?我可以跟你合看这本书吗?The bull looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turnin
46、g its attention to the matador.“这头公牛一直同情地望着醉汉,直到醉汉不见了才重新把注意力转向斗牛士。“看作 (= look upon)I used to look on him as a friend.我以前把他看作是一位朋友。look out注意找出；挑选出to look out a party dressI have to look out those papers.我得把那些文件找出来。look over翻阅，浏览检查，察看look up好转Things are looking up!情况正在好转!在书中查到When you do not understa
47、nd a word, you can look it up in this dictionary.当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。寻访到，探访（某人）“On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine.“在回家的路上,我去看望了一下我的一个老朋友。“pullpull away（路上车辆）开始开动They waved as the bus pulled away.pull back撤退，退出The sponsors pulled back at the last minute.挽回局势They pulled back a goal just
48、before half-time.pull down拆毁,推毁,推翻to pull down an old house拆毁一所旧房子pull sb. down 贬低某人pull in（火车）进站，到站，停站The train pulled into the station on time.赚钱 Shes pulling in over a million.pull sb in 拘留问话pull off成功；努力实现；赢得pull off a planpull out（火车）离站撤离；离开The circus is planning to pull out of the suburb park
49、tomorrow morning.马戏团计划明天上午离开城郊公园。The peace-preserving army of the United Nations pulled out of the area.联合国的维和部队撤出了那个地区。pull over把（车）靠在路边；（车辆）停在路边pull through脱离危险期；恢复健康 (= pull round)The doctors think she will pull through.使克服困难；渡过难关“Margaret had difficulty with her maths, but her teacher pulled her through.“Its going to be tough but well pull through it together.pull together齐心协力Pull yourself together! 镇定！pull up（使）停下9The driver pulled
