1、倒 装 结 构 inversion,英语句子的自然语序是“主语 + 谓语”。 如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。 倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要 （如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调； 三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。,一、 全 部 倒 装,（谓语全部放在主语之前）,1.there be句型, 其中be动词有时可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear,remain, happen 等词代替(全部倒装） 1) 桌子上有一本书，两个橙子。,2.
2、方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及时间副词now, then， next放在句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等， 并且句子的主语是名词。（全部倒装）,注意：主语是人称代词时，句子不用倒装。Away they went. (=They went away.),There is/are one book, two oranges on the desk.,2) Now comes your turn to sweep the fl
3、oor.,1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday.,2) 树下站着个小男孩。 There stands a little boy under the tree.,3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，当主语为n时， 句子用完全倒装。“Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother.“The car is mine,” said Tom.,注意：主语是代词时，一般不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.,4. 为了平衡句子结构，使上下文紧密衔接，把表示地点状语的介词短语位于句首，句子用全部倒装。,eg.他们到
4、达一个农场，前面坐着一个小男生。房前站着两棵大树。,They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. In front of the house stand two big trees.,5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。倒装结构为“表语(adj/done/ding/介短)+连系动词+主语”,The days when Chinese people are looked down upon were gone.,Gone are the days when Chinese people ar
5、e looked down upon,2、中国人受歧视的日子已经一去不复返了。,1、出席晚会的有胡先生，张小姐和其他的宾客。,Mr.Hu、 Miss Zhang and other guests are present at the party.,Present at the party are Mr.H, Miss H and other guests.,Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers. In the classroom are a group of clever students.,eg. 1、这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴而又取得巨
6、大成就的人,6. Such作表语，位于句首，表示“这就是/就是这样”，句子用完全倒装。,Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.,2、事实就是这样。,Such are the facts.,二、 部 分 倒 装,把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前（即一般疑问句式倒装）,1.用于疑问句。（部分倒装） Shall everything be ready before you arrive? What can I do for you?,注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒. Who can work it
7、 out? How many students have read this book?,2.Not until位于句首，句子用部分倒装（倒主不倒从）,He didnt go to bed until his father came back. Not until his father came back did he go to bed.,2)Man didnt know what heat is until the early 19th century.,Not until the early 19th century, did man know what heat is.,3. 含有否定
8、意义的副词或短语置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, nowhere, in no way, in no case, by no means, at no time等。 （部分倒装） 我从没见过如此美丽的地方。,他一点也不关心自己的安全,I have never seen such a beautiful place.,Never have I seen such a beautiful place.,He cared little about his own safety.,Littl
9、e did he care about his own safety.,4.only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在 句首时。 （部分倒装） 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. 3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.,5.“so /su
10、ch +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。 （部分倒装）,1、她走地如此的匆忙以至于都忘了关灯,she left so hurriedly that she forgot to switch off the lights.,2、在黑暗中她是如此的害怕以至于都不敢移动。,She was so frightened in the darkness that she dint dare to move at all.,So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at
11、 all.,So hurriedly did she leave that she forgot to switch off the lights.,6、当so,as，neither/nor，表示“也是”“也不”的意思,句子用部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I.,- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?- I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care ne
12、ither D. I dont care also,注意1：若so只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，译文“的确如此”时，主谓不倒装Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. “Its raining hard.”,“So it is.”,注意2：Neithernor引导两个分句时，两个分句都用部分倒装。Neither do I know it, nor do I care.,7.Not onlybut also(不仅而且), Hardly/Scarcely/Barelywhen(刚就), No sooner than（一就）引导两个分句
13、，倒前不倒后。,No sooner had I reached the station than train moved.,Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.,I had no sooner reached the station than the train moved.,他不但学习好，而且他还乐于帮同学们解决学习问题,He not only does well in his lessons, but also he often helps ot
14、hers with their lessons,He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang.,Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.,注意：在“hardly/scarcely/Scarcelywhen从句”和 “no soonerthan从句”结构中，主句用过去完成时 ，而从句用一般过去时,8.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，从句中should / were / had 要放在句首。（部分倒装） 1)If I had not adopted my clas
15、s teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake. 2)If She were you, she would tell her parents the truth. 3)If I should earn money, I should live better.,1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake. 2)Were she you, she would tell her parents the
16、 truth. 3) Should I earn money, I should live better.,（1）If I were you, I would work hard.(2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.（3）If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.,Were I you, I would work hard.,Should it rain tomorrow, we would putoff our meeting.,Had he
17、 followed my advice, he would have succeeded.,9.频度副词often,always,once,many a time,now and then,every other day,thus等状语位于句首，句子用部分倒装。 1)Always does he ask me for money. 2)Many a time have I heard of it. 3)Often did we go out for a walk together.,特殊倒装1：用于(形容词/名词/动词原形）+ as/though 的让步状语从句中,表示“尽管”. 1)Prou
18、d as they are, they are afraid to see us. 2)Child as he is, he knows a lot.( A small child as he is, he knows a lot.) （当名词为单数时，前不加 冠词A/An） 3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box. 4) Try as he would, he could not succeed. 5)Youngest as he is in our class, his pronunciation is the best
19、.,特殊倒装2： 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。（部分倒装或全部倒装） 1）May you succeed / be happy!,2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,倒装,倒装句的高考考点：,全部倒装,部分倒装,1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。,2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。,1、Only+状语位于句首时,2.否定副词或短语位于句首时,3、在省去if的虚拟条件从句 中,4、So Neither Nor 位于句首时,5、as引导的让步状语从句,6、特殊句式,Exercises: 1
20、.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizeC.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize 2.It was not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 3.I finally got the job I dream
21、ed about. Never in all my life_ so happy.A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt,4. Why cant I smoke here? At no time _ in the meeting-room.A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 5.No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game
22、 began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun6. Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,7._ can you expect to get a pay rise.A.With hard work B.Although work hardC.Only with hard work D.
23、Now that he works hard 8.Now_ Sallys turn to keep guard.A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes 9.Not only_ polluted but_ crowded.A.was the city; were the streetsB.the city was; were the streetsC.was the city; the streets wereD.the city was; the streets were,10.So_ that no fish can live in it.A.the
24、 lake is shallow B.shallow the lake isC.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow 11.Little_ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care B.did he careC.he cares D.he cared 12.Was it in 1969_ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon.A.when; on B.that; on C
25、.when; in D.that; in,13._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If they were not 14.-David has made great progress recently.-_, and_ .A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have youC.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have 15.Here _the good news for every man and every woman who _in the town.A. is ; live B. is; livesC. are; live D. are; lives,Homework: 1. Review Version 2. Finish English weekly,
