1、第 1 页 共 20 页小学英语知识系统总结口头交际表达性技能接受性技能听 说书面交际读 写态 度 语 言 知 识文 化 语 言 技 能境中的训练有意义语第 2 页 共 20 页目 录 态度 文化 语言知识 听 读 说 写附表一、26 个字母附表二、48 个音标附表三、元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音附表四、常见元音字母组合在单词重读音节中的读音附表五、名词单数变复数附表六、代词的变化附表七、基数词与序数词附表八、句子的种类附表九、动词的时态附表十、常用短语附表十一、常见词汇附表十二、日常交际用语第 3 页 共 20 页 态度：1、具有学习英语的愿望和兴趣2、养成良好的英语学习习惯 文化：乐于
2、了解英语文化 语言知识：1、语音： 能正确读写 26 个字母（附表一） 能正确认读英语 48 个音标（附表二） 能初步运用原因字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音规则拼读单词 朗读及简单会话时语音、语调、句子重音和停顿基本正确2、词汇：初步掌握 500 多个单词，一定数量的习惯用语3、语法：初步学会最基本的语法知识4、日常交际用语：能在一定情景下围绕 30 多个日常交际用语进行简单会话 听：1、在单词和句子中辨别英语的基本因素2、在课上和游戏中能听懂并执行简单口头指示3、辨别和理解语调类型4、理解所听简单会话和故事的内容5、理解所听故事内容，并回答简单问题6、理解所听篇章，并回答简单问题7、在口头交际
3、中能听懂内容，并做出行为上的反应第 4 页 共 20 页 读：1、能借助汉语读懂文字内容，并做到理解、记忆和回忆2、能对自己所喜欢的语言材料产生感情上的交流和共鸣3、能够阅读与教材难易相当的对话或短文 说：1、能准确模仿较短的单词和简单句，语调正确、发音准确、反应恰当2、能基本读出符合读音规则的单音节词3、能朗读简单书面材料，节奏正确，语调规范、流畅，单词发音准确4、能简单回答针对课文内容的问题5、能简单复述课文6、能看图复讲简单的故事 写：1、能正确抄写、默写大小写字母2、能正确抄写单词3、能正确抄写句子4、能书面回答与课文有关的问题第 5 页 共 20 页附表一26个字母顺序归类 读音Aa
4、 Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll MmNn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zzeii:aiuju:ea:A eiE i:I aiO uU ju:H Jdei K keieit Csi: Ddi: Gdi: Ppi: Tti: Vvi:Bbi:YwaiWdblju:Qkju: Lel Mem Nen Ses XeksZzed Fef附表二48个音标单元音 12 个 i: i e a: : u u: : 元音20 个 双元音 8 个 ei ai i i u au up t k f s t tr ts清浊成对的辅音 10 对 b
5、d v z d dr dz国际音标48个辅音28 个单 个 辅 音 8 个 m n l r h w j第 6 页 共 20 页附表三元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音例词 音节字母 开音节 闭音节a ei cake, table have bag, hat what, want e i: she, these e pen, bedi ai kite, bike give i i: ship, big child aio u no, nose come, some hot, dog s on u ju: use, student blue, ruler u: but, cup put u附表四常见
6、元音字母组合在单词重读音节中的读音ar ea or ou ow eara:carfarm:warmi:meatcleanebreadreadyeigreatiidea:horsesport:workerworldaucloudyaboutucouldwouldu:groupuyellowwindowknowsnowgrowaunowhowbrowniheardearnear:earthearlypear第 7 页 共 20 页附表五名词单数变复数情 况 构成方法 例 词一般情况 词尾加 s bikebikes以 s，x，ch，sh 结尾的词 加 es glassglasses，boxboxes
7、以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 去 y 加 ies citycities以 f，fe 结尾的词 去 f，fe 加 ves shelfshelves，knifeknives以 o 结尾的词 多数加 es tomatotomatoes不规则的词 manmen，womanwomen，childchildren附表六代词的变化单 数 复 数 数分类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称主 格 I you he, she, it we you they人称代词 宾 格 Me you him, her, it us you them形 容 词 性 my your his, her, its
8、 our your their物主代词 名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs指示代词 this, that, these, those疑问代词 who, whose, what人 称第 8 页 共 20 页不定代词 some, any, every, many, much附表七基数词与序数词数 字 基 数 词 序 数 词 缩 写 数 字 基 数 词 序 数 词 缩 写 数 字 基 数 词1 one first 1st 11 eleven eleventh 11th 21 twenty-onr2 two second 2nd 12 twe
9、lve twelfth 12th 29 twenty-nine3 three third 3rd 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 30 thirty4 four fourth 4th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 40 forty5 five fifth 5th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 50 fifty6 six sixth 6th 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th 60 sixty7 seven seventh 7th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th 70 sevent
10、y8 eight eighth 8th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th 80 eighty9 nine ninth 9th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 90 ninety10 ten tenth 10th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 100 one hundred注：1. 一般情况下在基数词词尾加“th” ，即构成序数词，但要注意表中带的词。2. 以“ty”结尾的基数词去掉“y”加“ieth”，如： thirtythirtieth。3. 以 one 至 nine 结尾的多数基数词，只把个位数词变为序数词，其他位数词不变。
11、如：twenty-one 变成 twenty-first。第 9 页 共 20 页附表八句子的种类种 类 例 句肯定陈述句 That is my schoolbag.陈述句否定陈述句 This isnt my schoolbag.一般疑问句 Is it your jacket?疑问句特殊疑问句 Whose jacket is it?祈 使 句 Be carefully next time. Dont read in bed.感 叹 句 What a nice dress!附表九动词的时态种类 构 成 例 句study I study in Guangming Primary School.一般
12、现在时 主语+ studies(第 三 人 称 单 数 ) My brother studies in Yuying Primary School.am I am playing chess.主语+ is+playing(动 词 +ing) She is playing the piano.现在进行时Are They are playing football.一般过去时 主语+ studied(过去式) Tom got up very late yesterday.will My father will go to work tomorrow.主语+ +study We shall go to
13、 the park tomorrow.一般将 来时shall He is going to the museum tomorrow.注：1. 动词 第三人称单 数一般动词词尾加“ s”或“es”，以 “y”结尾动词去“ y”加“ies ”，如：helphelps，gogoes，studystudies。2. 在一般 过 去时中，用动词的过去式。一般 动词词 尾加“ed” ，不规则的动词要逐个记，如：work worked，is，amwas，arewere，gowent，dodid，have，has第 10 页 共 20 页had。附表十常用短语a bit（一点儿）a bottle of（一瓶）
14、a cup of（一杯）a glass of（一杯）a lot of（许多）a pair of（一对）a piece of（一片）all the time（始 终）at home（在家）at weekend（在周末）be good at（擅长做）bring to（使用）come back（回来）come home（回家）do homework（做作业）fall down（跌倒）fly a kite（放风筝）get to（到达/开始）get up（起床）get on（上车 ）get off（下车）get ready（准备好）go by（经过）go for（去找）go to school（上学）g
15、o home（回家）go to bed（上床睡 觉）go sailing（去航行）go skating（去滑冰）go on a trip（旅行）go over（复习）have breakfast（吃 早 饭 ）have a cold（感冒）have a rest（休息一会儿）have a good idea（有一个好主意）have no idea（不知道）have sports（进行体育锻炼）have to（必须/只好）hold on（等一下/继续）keep silent（保持沉默）keep off（让开）last week（上周）look after（照顾/关心）look at（看/考虑）l
16、ook up（向上看）look out（注意/照料）listen to（听）next time（下次）on duty（值班/上班）play chess（下棋）play cards（打扑克）play football（踢足球）play the piano（弹钢琴）ride a bike（骑自行车）stay up（不睡觉/熬夜）skip rope（跳 绳）speak English（说英语）take a picture（照相）take a message（带口信）take medicine（吃药）turn on（打开）turn off（关闭）turn right（向右转）turn left（向左转
17、）wait for（等候/等待）第 11 页 共 20 页附表十一常见词汇1、head （头）2、hair （头发）3、ear （耳朵）4、eye （眼睛）5、nose （鼻子）6、mouth （口、嘴）7、arms （臂）8、hands （手）9、legs （腿）10、feet （脚）teacher worker tailor nurse actor教师 工人 裁缝 护士 演员mechanic coach salesgirl salesman技工 教练 女售货员 售货员doctor dentist policeman waiter医生 牙医 警察 服务员driver sailor cook
18、engineer驾驶员 水手 厨师 工程师bat bear bee bird deer fox frog giraffe lion蝙蝠 熊 蜜蜂 鸟 鹿 狐狸 青蛙 长颈鹿 狮子goldfish goose kangaroo monkey ox pig horse金鱼 鹅 袋鼠 猴子 牛 猪 马tiger tortoise zebra hen cock老虎 乌龟 斑马 母鸡 公鸡coat T-shirt skirt sweater jacket vest外套 体恤衫 裙子 毛衣（运动衫）夹克 汗衫suit blouse dress trousers jeans sock西服 女衬衫 连衣裙 裤
19、子 牛仔裤 短袜shoe glove hat cap第 12 页 共 20 页鞋 手套 礼帽 帽子附表十二日常交际用语1、打招呼、问候、介绍1）打招呼、问候及应答Good Morning!(Morning!)Good afternoon!Good evening!Hello/Hi!How are you?How do you do?(Its)Nice/Good to see you.(Im)Glad to see/meet you.Good Morning!(Morning!)Good afternoon!Good evening!Hello/Hi!(Im)Fine/Very well, th
20、ank you.How do you do?Nice/Good to see you, too.Glad to see/meet you, too.2）介绍（1）自我介绍Im/My name is（2）介绍别人This is Miss/Mr/Mrs/my friend2、认人1）问某人是谁及应答Whos that?Whos he/she?Is that/this/he/sheThats/ItsHe/She is第 13 页 共 20 页Yes, it/he/she is. No, it/he/she isnt.2）问对方姓名及应答Whats your name?Excuse me. Are y
21、ou?My name isYes, I am.No, Im not. Im3、认物1）问某物是什么及应答Whats this/that? Its2）问某些物品是什么及应答What are these/those/they? Theyre4、祝贺Happy New Year!A happy New Year to you!Merry Christmas!I wish you a happy New Year.Have a good New Year!Happy birthday to you!(And the) Same to you.And I wish you the same.Thanks
22、. And you too.Thanks. And you too.Thanks. And you too.Thank you very much.5、来自（某地）Where are you/they from?Where do you come from?Where does he/she come from?Are you/they from?Is he/she/it from?Im fromWe/They are fromI/We come fromHe/She comes fromYes, I am. (Yes, we/they are.)No, Im not. (No, we/the
23、y are not.)第 14 页 共 20 页Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isnt.6、职业What do you/they do?What does he/she do?Are you a (teacher)?Is he/she a (driver)?Are they (worker)?Im (a pupil).We/They are (pupils).He/She is a (doctor).Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)Yes, he/she is. (No, he/she isnt.)Yes, they are. (No,
24、they are not.)7、能力Can you (swim/dance)?Can he dance?Who can (do this)?What can you/he do?Yes, I can. (No, I cant.)Yes, he can. (No, he cant.)I/We/He can.I/He can (cook).8、所属Whose (pen) is this?Whose is this/that (pen)?Whose (books) are these?Whose are these/those (books)?Is this yours?Are these your
25、s?Its (mine/yours).Its (his/hers).Theyre (mine/ours).Theyre (theirs).Yes, it is. (No, it isnt.)Yes, they are. (No, they are not.)9、拥有1）表示某人拥有I/You/We/They have (got) He/She/It has (got)2）问对方是否有Have you (got)?Yes, I have.第 15 页 共 20 页No, I havent. (Sorry, I havent.) Yes, I do. (No, I dont.)10、时间1）问钟点
26、What time is it (now)?Whats the time, (please)?Its (ten).Its time for (school/class/lunch/home/TV/bed).2）问星期几What day is today?What day is it today?Is it (Saturday) today?Its (Thursday).Yes, it is.3）问日期Whats the date today? Its (May 4th).11、天气Whats the weather today? Its (fine/cloudy).Whats the weat
27、her like in (Beijing)?12、外观What is it like?What is he/she like?Its (small).He/She is (young).13、颜色What color is it? Its (red/blue).14、位置（地点）Where is it?Where is he/she?Where are they?Its in/on/under/beside (the desk).He/She is in (the office).They are in (the classroom).15、数量How many (books) do you
28、have? How much (beer) do you (want)?第 16 页 共 20 页(Three/Ten.) (Two glasses/bottles.)How much is it?How much are they?Its (five yuan).They are (thirty yuan).16、意愿What do you want?What would you like?Do you want (a new bike)?Would you like (a cup of tea)?What do you want to do?What would you like to d
29、o?What are you going to do?I want (a new bike).Id like (a cup of coffee).Yes, I do.Yes, please.I want to (help him).Id like to (see her).Im going to (play chess).17、求助（请求）Can/Could you help me?Can/Could you (pass me)?Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course.Im afraid I cant. /Im sorry I cant.Will/Would you p
30、lease (give/lend me)?Please (post the letter/read the letter for me).18、劝告Youd better (go to the doctor). You should (go to see her).19、警告Look out!Be careful!Watch (the cup).(A car is coming)(Dont cut your finger.)(Dont drop it.)20、禁止Dont (speak loudly). (The baby is sleeping.)第 17 页 共 20 页You mustn
31、t (smoke here).21、请求允许Can/May/Could I (use your pen)? Yes./Of course./Certainly./No, olease dont./Im afrid not./Im afraid you cont.22、建议Lets (go together).Shall we (go now)?What/How about (going for a walk)?All right./OK./Great./Thats a good idea.Sorry, I cant./Im afraid Icant.Wed better (hurry).23、
32、征求看法What do you think of (the book)?What do you think of (the man)?Its (nice/good).Hes (very kind).What about (the book)?Do you like it?24、喜好Do you like/love (football)?Does he/she like (football)?What do you like best?Whats your hobby?Yes, I do. (No, I dont.)Yes, he/she does. (No, he/she doesnt)I l
33、ike (football) best.(Collecting stamps.)25、打电话Hello, May/Can/Could I speak to (Mr. White)?Whos that/speaking/calling, please?This is (Tom) speaking.Its (Mary) here.Hold on, please.(Wait for) a moment/a minute, please.Sorry,but hes out/she isnt in.第 18 页 共 20 页(Its) For you. /Its your phone call.26、邀
34、请Would you like to (go with us)?Will you join us?Certainly. /With pleasure.Yes, Id like to/love to.Will you come? Sorry, I cant. /Im afraid I cant. /Id love to,butPlease be here (at ten/before lunch).27、约会Are you free (tonight)?When will you be free?Shall we (go to park tomorrow)?When and where shal
35、l we meet?(Next week.)All right. /OK./Great. /Thats a good idea.Sorry, I cant. / Im afraid I cant.(At the school gate after school. /In my house at nine.)28、问路和指路How can I get to (the station)?Could/Can you tell me the way to (Beijing Zoo)?Do you know the way to (the Summer Palace)?Go down this road
36、.Turn left/right at (the shop/the first crossing).Take the (second) tuening on the left/right.Take bus No. (1) and get off at (Dongdan stop/the third stop).Sorry, I dont know the way.29、语言困难Pardon? Yes. /OK. /All right.Please say it/that again/slowly/clearly?第 19 页 共 20 页What do you mean? I mean30、购
37、物Can/May I help you?What can I do for you?I want/Id like (an English-Chinese dictionary).Do you have any (Chinese - English dictionary)?What about this one?Try this one.It looks (nice/beautiful).I like the color. (I dont like the color.)Its (dear/expensive/too big).Its too dear, Im afraid. (Its nice
38、 but cheap.)How much is it?How many/How much do you want?OK, Ill take/buy it.31、看病Whats wrong with you? Im ill. /I fell very ill.Whats the matter with him?Hes got a headache/the flu/a bad cold/a high fever/a cough.Take this medicine three times a day.Stay in bed and drink more water.Dont worry. It isnt serious.Youll be all right soon.32、道歉Im sorry.Thats all right. /Thats nothing. /It doesnt matter.Excuse me.33、道别第 20 页 共 20 页Bye-bye! /Bye! Good-bye! See you.See you again/later/tomorrow/next time/then.
