1、科技类（1 ） 科技方便我们的思考 (适用于本组所有题目)Microscopepreviously we believe the diseases are caused by omens and bad behaviorswe find diseases are caused by bacteria and other little living organismsantibiotics 科技造成我们某些能力的退化(1, 26, 64, 43)Calculation (speed, accuracy, duration)Memory Spelling1. As people rely more
2、 and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become
3、more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.64. The human min
4、d will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that they have more leisure time.（2 ） 国
5、家和科技的发展-对于目前应用有限的科技，应不应该发展取决于国家的经济实力（23,36,72，131）或科学家所在国家的经济实力（59）As for the scientific researches that have no or little immediate application, whether to fund it/put bans on it depends on the economic conditions of that specific country. What? 穷国 富国 Why?穷国为啥不发展这些科技 (1) it costs tons of money (2)
6、it takes a long time to take effect (3) 而穷国既没有金钱也没有时间去等待他起效 富国为啥要发展这些科技 (1) the scientific researches mark the global status of a specific country (2) some researches which seems useless at first may turn out to be helpful several years later. (Riemann Geometry; World Wide Web)-the scientific resear
7、ches that involve ethically problematic issues (Cloning) 国家要严格限制发展 (23, 36, 72) researchers 也不能去研究，因为他的结果 unpredictable and serious (131),researchers 也不能去研究，因为他对大部分人没有帮助 (59). 23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.36. Governments should not fun
8、d any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practica
9、l application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.（3） 学科间的融合、三峡工程需要其他学科专家的评价（27 ，143，10 八，110）因为学科间融合的趋势，即使是为了在特定领域获
10、得成功，也要对其他领域有所了解（13, 46, 70, 102, 112, 142 subsidy for the unemployed 有很多伟人 Lincoln; Mark Twain; MJ; Jobs; Taylor Swift 28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.85. Some people bel
11、ieve that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achie
12、vements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nations rulers, art
13、ists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nations people.121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the gener
14、al welfare of all its people.127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.145. The general welfare of a nations people is a better indication of that nations greatness than are the achievements
15、 of its rulers, artists, or scientists.(2) 研究社会的方法 2：依赖英雄(22,122)Reason: -我们选择什么样的人作为英雄体现了一个社会对成功的定义 +中国古代选择政治家当英雄，现代选择歌手当英雄，因为成功观变化了，现在认为三百六十行只要做出贡献，服务人民都能够成为英雄 （具体展开参考翻译练习 22 和 122 题）-选择什么样的人作为英雄还体现了一个社会的道德理想+中国的英雄人物毫不利己专门利人 They never aim to benefit from others. Instead, all they have in their mi
16、nd is to serve the people or to benefit the others. 舍弃个人安危，专门为人民群众的安危和坏人作斗争. V. S. 如果一个美国人为了家庭和孩子和坏人做斗争，我们就认为他是一个英雄。这样的标准明显更 matches human nature. Claim:-英雄的生活水平是人民群众很难达到的+怎么达不到(衣食住行)，如果只依靠英雄来研究社会，明显是不全面的。22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of
17、 the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a societys highest ideals.122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role
18、models.(3)研究社会的方法 3：大城市2. 5. Reason, 117 政治 经济 文化 科技5. claim: 可行 穷国没钱给 需要 纽约不要钱 替代 good policies 2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in orde
19、r to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are preserved and generated.117. It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are generated and preserved.学习与教育类（1 ） 选择专业是选择好找工作的还是选感兴趣的（3, 15, 20, 32, 35, 39, 98, 129, 135, 136 maintain your social netw
20、orks among the locals）82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.100. Colleges and universities shoul
21、d require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.政治类（1 ） 政府对环保的投入10, 125 the soap opera in South Korea; The Italian Opera; the comics and anim
22、ation in Japan 80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropri
23、ateand, perhaps, even cruelto use public resources to fund the arts when peoples basic needs are not being met.（3 ） 政府对未来的投入/政府对民众的需求的关注/ 不能为不切实际的目标不择手段The Great Leap Forwardaims at surpassing the Britain and becoming as developed as the USignores peoples demands for better lifechaos in the society
24、and economic system3000W 人必须解决眼前问题（19）/满足民众的（16, 50, 60, 86, 114, 115 & 139， 62，69）要求，否则容易引起大型的经济灾难。一个国家的领导是否好，评价标准在于人民的要求有没有得到满足（十八，94，147），如果没有满足人民的需求，则领导人的行为/社会的 welfare 值得质疑；为了不切实际的目的牺牲人民的当前需求，这种不择手段不可取（53）19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on try
25、ing to solve the anticipated problems of the future.16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain c
26、onsistently committed to particular principles and objectives.50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.86. Some pe
27、ople believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.115. Government officials
28、should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better
29、judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.94. The effectiveness of a countrys leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that countrys citizens.147. The effectiveness of a countrys leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that countrys citizens.53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
