1、专题十三 观点态度,高考英语 (课标专用),Passage 1(2018课标全国,D)词数:408 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our wa
2、lletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughou
3、t its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 19,五年高考,A组 统一命题课标卷题组,92. Digital
4、cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,
5、and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe con- tinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop
6、monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what
7、would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cutenergy consumption by 44%.,1.What
8、 does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To upda
9、te consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 3.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer.,4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take t
10、hem apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them. 答案 语篇解读 我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但 研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的 确应该及时淘汰。 1.A 观点态度题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使 用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消 耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。 2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句 可知
11、,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内 的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。,3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能 量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科 技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正 确。 4.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了 解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产
12、品后的结 果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消 耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。 难句分析 原句:We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of some- thing shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. 分析:but连接
13、两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导 定语从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中, that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导 时间状语从句。,译文:我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科技。但是一项 新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。 重点词汇 shiny adj. 闪光的;有光泽的 evolve v. 逐渐发展 define v. 给下定义;界定 accumulate v. 积聚;积累 cathode ray tube 阴极射线管 consumption n. 消
14、费;消耗 Passage 2(2017课标全国,C)词数:291 After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Four- teen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen
15、here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans
16、 around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor,food sources(来源)for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegeta- tion(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew qui
17、ckly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers. As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellow- stone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many
18、 farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate co
19、ntinues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the co
20、untry as well.,1.What is the text mainly about? A.Wildlife research in the United States. B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean? A.Te
21、sted. B.Separated. C.Forced out. D.Tracked down. 3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about? A.Damage to local ecology. B.A decline in the parks income. C.Preservation of vegetation. D.An increase in the variety of animals. 4.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf pro
22、ject? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.,答案 语篇解读 本文讲述了经过多年激烈的争论,美国政府终于从加拿大重新把14匹灰狼引入 黄石国家公园,以恢复当地的生态平衡。 1.D 主旨大意题。全篇自始至终谈论的就是重新把灰狼引入美国黄石国家公园,故正确选项 应为D。 2.C 词义猜测题。短文第二段描述灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区生活,由于 人类的发展,到20世纪20年代,灰狼几乎在黄石地区消失了。由此可以判断肯定是人类的发展 “逼走”了灰狼,迫使灰狼迁徙到加拿大的森林地区。故正确选项为C。 3.A 推理判断题。根
23、据第三段可知灰狼的消失产生了许多出乎意料的结果。作为灰狼食物 来源的其他动物繁衍过快,导致当地植被被过度消耗,公园的植物多样性遭到破坏;没有了天敌 灰狼,当地的郊狼迅速繁衍,而郊狼杀死了公园大部分的红狐,也让河狸丧失了栖息之地。因此 考生可以判断黄石国家公园的生态系统遭到破坏,故最佳选项为A。 4.B 观点态度题。从短文中最后一段最后一句中的a valuable experiment可以推断出作者的 态度是积极的,因此B项正确。 高级语块 1.consume v.消耗;吃 2.oppose v.反对 3.reintroduce v.重新引入,Passage 3(2015课标全国,C)词数:26
24、9 More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起 源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next a
25、cademic year. This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of
26、students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from U- CAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their chosen course.Stu- dents who take a gap year are often more mature and respon
27、sible,”he said.,But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),ar- gued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to l
28、eave university up to 15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of stu- dents are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation peri- od
29、s,”he said. 1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length. B.It is a time for relaxation. C.It is increasingly popular. D.It is required by universities. 2.According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year . A.are better prepared for college studies,B.know a lot
30、more about their future jobs C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities 3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A.Hes puzzled. B.Hes worried. C.Hes surprised. D.Hes annoyed. 4.What would most students do on their vacation accordi
31、ng to NUS statistics? A.Attend additional courses. B.Make plans for the new term. C.Earn money for their education. D.Prepare for their graduate studies. 答案 语篇解读 本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期 间赚取上大学的费用的现象。,1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在被大 学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段
32、可知,Tony Higgins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大学教 育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。故选A。 3.B 观点态度题。在第四段中出现了evidence of student hardship,being forced into earning money,are forced to work等体现Owain James观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对间隔年这一现 象表示担忧。 4.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选C。 长难句 The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months l
33、eft over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.间隔年现象起源于 给牛津大学和剑桥大学的申请者留下的几个月,从十一月的入学考试到下一学年开学之间。 本句主干是:The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months,left over.academic year作后 置定语。,B组 自主命题省（区、市）卷题组 Passage 1(2018天津,B)词数:420 When I was 1
34、7, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but Ill rec
35、ognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” “Oh, stop. There it is!” The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. “May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“Were fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long ti
36、me about a painting you werent that interested in?Sally had gone up- stairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosi- ty. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are
37、?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”,“Whats this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, its our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!” “Theres some real
38、ly good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let
39、us look around without saying anything. The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Pi- casso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened. Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever ent
40、er a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.” “That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My f
41、eel- ings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.”,1.What do we know about Marian McNay? A.She was a painter. B.She was a community leader. C.She was a museum director. D.She was a journalist. 2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? A.She disliked pe
42、ople who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide. 3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.,4.Why did the author describe th
43、e real McNay museum in just a few words? A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house. D.The event happening in the house was more significant. 5.What could we learn from the
44、last paragraph? A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum. 答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误 入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后
45、, 作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。,1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于Marian McNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“once thehome of a watercolorist named Marian McNay(曾经是一个名叫Marian McNay的水彩画画家的 家)”可知Marian McNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。 2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中 “Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助 是因为她
46、误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话 时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。 3.A 观点态度题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段 中作者心里想的话“What was their problem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为 A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。 4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆? 根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时 一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此
47、可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D 项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正 的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。,5.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的I never re- alized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.可知:人们往往会对身边的美视 而不见,故答案为C项。 难句分析 原句:What if they talked a long time about a paintin
48、g you werent that interested in? 分析:本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“What if.?”。此外you werent that interested in 为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词a painting。 译文:如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢? 重点词汇 curiosity n.好奇 sculpture n.雕塑 splendid adj.绝好的 词汇积累 get on ones nerves烦扰某人 in case以防 Passage 2(2016四川,C) 词数:313 In the depths of the French G
49、uianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土 著的)people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social cus- toms. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地),of the French Republic since 1946. In
50、theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of“lawlessness”in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Pari
51、s called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 liv- ing in its capital, Cayenne. “I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on
52、and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been al- lowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”con- tinues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”,
