1、专题四 谓语动词,高考英语 (课标卷区),考点一 动词的时态和主谓一致 1.(2018北京,1)Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here?I havent seen you around. Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just (start) on Monday.,五年高考,答案 started 句意:嗨,我是Peter,你是新来的吗?我在附近没见过你。你好,Peter,我 是Bob,我是周一刚来的。本题考查动词的时态。根据Peter所说的话可知现在Bob已经在这里 了, Bob针对Peter的提问解释他是周一来的,所以设空处用一般过去时。 2.(201
2、8北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbor- hood when I visited her last year. 答案 was working 句意:我去年去看望Susan的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志 愿者。本题考查动词的时态。从题干when引导的时间状语从句可知整句话描述的都是过去 发生的事情,看望Susan的时候她正从事志愿者服务工作,应用过去进行时表示。,3.(2018北京,7)Chinas high-speed railways (grow) from
3、9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. 答案 have grown 句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高铁已经从9,000千米发展到了25,000千 米。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语in the past few years可知,句中谓语动词的 时态用现在完成时。 4.(2018江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (de- velop) more convenient electronic communication
4、tools by then. 答案 will have developed 句意:在2025年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了,因为到那时我们 就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语by then(相当于by 2025)可知,设空处 需用将来完成时。 5.(2017北京,24) (do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yester- day? Yes. They are happy with it. 答案 Did 句意:你昨天给那家公司打电话了解他们对我们的产品的看法了吗?打 了,他们很满意。考查一般疑
5、问句。根据时间状语yesterday可知,谓语动词要用一般过去时,所 以要用助动词do的过去式did。,6.(2017北京,33)People (have) better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. 答案 have 句意:相比以前,人们(现在)能得到更好的医疗服务,因此他们的寿命更长一些。 本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的than they used to可知,这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状 况,所以设空处应用一般现在时。 7.(2017天津,8)I (drive)
6、down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 答案 was driving 句意:我正在开车前往伦敦的路上,就在那时我突然发现走错路了。根据 句意可知此处是be doing.when.句型,表示“正在做这/那时”。根据语境可知用过 去进行时。,8.(2017江苏,24)The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as
7、 a leading novelist. 答案 was 句意:远大前程这本书被广泛地评价和高度地赞扬,它的出版巩固了狄更斯 作为最杰出的小说家的地位。本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据题干可以确定,which引 导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Great Expectations,是一本书的名字,因此定语从句中的be动词 应是单数形式。根据题干中的strengthened可知语境为过去的时间,因此设空处的时态为一般 过去时,故填was。 9.(2017江苏,31) Hes been informed that he (do)not qualify for the scholarship becau
8、se of his academic background. 答案 does 句意:他被告知由于他的学术背景,他没有资格获得奖学金。本题考查动词的时 态。根据语境可知,宾语从句中所陈述的是现在的情况,故用一般现在时态。 10.(2016北京,21)Jack (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 答案 was working 句意:杰克正在实验室工作这时停电了。本题考查“be doing sth. when.”句型。根据题干中的occurred(一般过去时)可知,设空处用过去进行时。,11.(2016北京,23)Excuse me, whic
9、h movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours. 答案 have been waiting 句意:打扰了,你们在等哪部电影?新拍的星球大战。 我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。本题考查动词的时态。设空处表示该动作从两个多小 时前一直持续到说话时,而且还在进行,因此用现在完成进行时。 12.(2016北京,25)I (read)half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. 答案 have
10、 read 句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半了,我将尽力在周末把它读完。根据句 意可知,动作read发生在过去,对现在产生了影响,故用现在完成时。 13.(2016江苏,29)Dashan, who (learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 答案 has been learning 句意:大山学习中国传统喜剧形式相声已经几十年了,他想把它 与西方的单口喜剧传统结合起来。根据句意以及for decades
11、可知,学习这一动作从过去一直 延续到了现在,并且现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时;主语Dashan为第三人称单数,故答案 为has been learning。,14.(2016浙江,9)Silk (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 答案 had become 句意:到大约公元前100年丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路交易的主要货物之一。 根据句中的时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去 完成时。 15.(2015北京,26)In th
12、e last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection. 答案 has made 句意:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据 时间状语In the last few years可知用现在完成时。 16.(2015北京,27)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really.She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 答案 had
13、given 句意:你们找到Ann的家有困难吗?没什么困难。她已经清楚地告 诉我们怎么走了,我们很容易就找到她家了。动词give表示的动作发生在“were able to find” 之前,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。,17.(2015北京,30)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right.I (call)him later. 答案 will call 句意:杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。好的。我稍后给他打电话。本 句表示“临时决定”,故用 “will+动词原形”。 18.(2015江苏,30)The real reaso
14、n why prices (be),and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 答案 were 句意:物价过去是,现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的,短短的讨论不可能对 此问题作出令人满意的解释。根据题目中 “and still are(现在仍然是)”可知过去也是一样的 情形,故用were。 19.(2015安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I (leave)my book i
15、n the cafe. 答案 had left 句意:就在我到达校门口的时候,我才意识到我把书落在咖啡馆里了。根据语 境可知leave的动作发生在realized之前,所以用过去完成时态。,20.(2015福建,30)Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere. He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since. 答案 has been writing 句意:彼得在哪里?我到处都找不到他。他吃过早饭后去了 图书馆,从那时起一直在那里写文章。根据时间状语ev
16、er since可知设空处表示动作从过去开 始一直持续到现在且还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。 21.(2015湖南,22)As you go through this book,you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 答案 will find 句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现数百万从第二次世界大战中活过来的人 中,每个人都有着不同的经历。本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来,故主 句需用一般将来时。 22.(2015
17、湖南,25)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?” 答案 asked 句意:当我问:“你现在想要我做什么?”的时候,我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。 根据题干中wasnt可知此处为一般过去时态。,23.(2015湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?” 答案 was l
18、ooking 句意:他一定是感觉到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后轻声说道: “为什么你那样盯着我?”根据语境可知此处为过去进行时态。 24.(2015陕西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday. 答案 has been working/is working 句意:Marty在他的这本书上确实很用功,他觉得周五前就 可以完成了。根据语境可知设空处用现在完成进行时或现在进行时。 25.(2015重庆,1)Is Peter coming? No,he (change
19、)his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 答案 changed 句意:彼得要来吗?不来了。在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了 主意。考查动词时态。根据语境可知“改变主意”应该发生在对话前的某一时间,即在过去 的某一时间,故用一般过去时。,26.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve. 答案 is;takes 句意:记住这一点很重要
20、:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,经常需 要很多年才能获得。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故 谓语动词用单数形式。 27.(2014北京,31)What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute,I (check) it for you. 答案 will check 句意:现在几点了?我不知道,不过等一下,我帮你看看。根据句意 可知答话者此刻也不知道几点,因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作,故使用一般将来 时。 28.(2014北京,32)I found the lecture hard to
21、 follow because it (start)when I arrived. 答案 had started 句意:我发现我很难明白讲座的内容,因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。 题干中的语境为过去时,根据句意可知空格处发生的动作先于arrived,故使用过去完成时。,29.(2014重庆,8)James has just arrived,but I didnt know he (come)until yesterday. 答案 was coming/would come 句意:詹姆斯刚到,但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓 语动词是一般过去时,从句的时态应用过去的某种时态,根据句意可知该空
22、表示过去将要发生 的动作,所以要用过去将来时。 30.(2014福建,23)Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and (stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. 答案 stayed 句意:好久没见到你了!你去哪儿了?我去宁夏支教了一年。答句由 and连接两个并列的谓语动词,根据went及句意可知,此处表示的动作发生在过去,“待”这个 动作与went这个动作几乎同时发生,故用一般过去时态。 31.(2014安徽,23)The twins,who
23、 (finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 答案 had finished 句意:这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了,他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。 根据题干可知“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去,而“完成家庭作业”这个 动作发生在“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成 时。,32.(2014陕西,22)During his stay in Xian,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends (re
24、commend). 答案 had recommended 句意:Jerry在西安逗留期间,他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地 食物。由tried可知,定语从句要用相应的过去时态;“他的朋友推荐”这个动作发生在tried这 个动作之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。 33.(2014湖南,28)Since the time humankind started gardening,we (try)to make our envi- ronment more beautiful. 答案 have been trying 句意:自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来,我们就一直在努力使我们的 环境更美。根据S
25、ince the time humankind started gardening以及try to make our environment more beautiful这一动作现在还在进行可知,设空处需用现在完成进行时。 34.(2014四川,9)She (phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away. 答案 was phoning 句意:她当时正在给某人打电话,所以我对她点点头走开了。根据句意可 知该空表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作,所以要用过去进行时。,35.(2014江西,24)Tony,why are your eyes red? I
26、(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 答案 have been cutting 句意:托尼,为什么你的眼睛红了?过去的五分钟里我一直 都在剁辣椒。根据本题中的 for the last five minutes 可以判断动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并 且可能现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。 36.(2014湖南,32)All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seas
27、ons of the year. 答案 is 句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植 各类果树。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话 的语境为一般现在时,故填is。,考点二 动词的语态 1.(2018北京,9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the moun- tains for two days.,答案 had been trapped 句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天
28、 的游客。根据句中主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困”发生在risked之前, 故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系,因 此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。 2.(2018天津,13)My washing machine (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 答案 is being repaired 句意:本周我的洗衣机正在维修中,因此我不得不用手洗我的衣服。 根据后面“用手洗我的衣服”可知这里表示“洗衣机正在维修中”,故用现在进行时;M
29、y washing machine与repair为被动关系,需用被动语态。因此,设空处需用现在进行时的被动语 态。,3.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years. 答案 had been carried 句意:上个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年 中的实施情况。考查动词的时态和语态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在主句谓语动词was sent之前,属于“过去的过去”,且表示被动,所以要用过去完成时的被
30、动语态。 4.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones (invent) yet. 答案 hadnt been invented 句意:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家中只有一部电话,而 且无线电话还没有被发明出来。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语之间是被动关系,且动作发 生在过去的过去,故要用过去完成时的被动语态。 5.(2017天津,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimmin
31、g, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 答案 is regarded 句意:现如今,与慢跑和游泳一起,骑自行车运动被视为最好的、全面的运 动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语之间是被动关系。句子的主语是cycling, 谓语 动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。,6.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow). 答案 was being followed 句意:他匆忙往家赶,从未
32、回头看看是否有人跟着他。本题考查动 词的时态、语态及主谓一致。根据句意可知,设空处需用被动语态,且表示当时正在被跟踪,从 句中主语为he,故填was being followed。 7.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end. 答案 will be rewarded 句意:学生们一直都很努力学习功课,最终回报他们努力的将是成 功。根据语境可知设空处需用一般将来时;their efforts与reward之间为
33、被动关系,故用被动语 态。综上所述,答案应为一般将来时的被动语态。 8.(2016江苏,22)More efforts, as reported, (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply -side structural reform. 答案 will be made 句意:据报道,为了加速供给侧结构性改革,在今后几年将做出更大的努 力。根据in the years ahead并结合句意可知,动作发生在将来,故用一般将来时;主语More ef- forts与make为被动关系,故用被动语态。综上所述,答案为will be made。,
34、9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides. 答案 has been reached 句意:尽管之前进行了多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意 见。考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干中的时间状语so far可知此处应该用现在完成时,而a- greement与谓语动词之间为被动关系,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。 10.(2015北京,22)Did you enjoy the party? Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.
35、答案 were treated 句意:你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗?是的,我们被主人们招待得很 好。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去,且主语We与动词 treat之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动语态。 11.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come. 答案 will be built 句意:据报道,一个太空站在未来几年将会在月球上被建立。本题考查动 词的时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语in years to come及space statio
36、n和build之间为被动关 系可知这里用一般将来时态的被动语态。,12.(2015福建,26)To my delight, I was (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 答案 chosen 句意:使我高兴的是,在数以百计的申请者中,我被选出来参加开幕式。本题考 查时态和语态。主语I与choose为被动关系,设空处需用被动语态,故填chosen。 13.(2015四川,4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local
37、 economy. 答案 will be built 句意:四川很快会建更多的高速公路来促进当地经济的发展。根据题干 中的soon可知设空处用一般将来时;expressways与build为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语 态。 14.(2014大纲全国,22)Unless some extra money (find),the theatre will close. 答案 is found 句意:除非找到一些额外资金,否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知 unless引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来,且money和find之间是被动关系,故答案为is found。,考点三 情态动词和
38、虚拟语气 1.(2018北京,12)In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.,答案 can 句意:在当今这个信息时代,对于一个公司来说,数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。 本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知,语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性,且cause 为动词原形, 因此用can符合语境。 2.(2018北京,13)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers. 答案 had dr
39、iven 句意:如果他们再多行驶几千米,他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本 题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚 拟,因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done,故填had driven。,3.(2018天津,10)I cant find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure. 答案 could/might 句意:我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了,但我不确定。 本题考查情态动词。设空处表示对过去事情的推测,且
40、根据题干中的“Im not sure”可推知 此处表示不确定的推测,故用could/might表示“可能”。 4.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 答案 had caught 句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班,我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的 假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语动词需用“had+过 去分词”形式。 5.(2018江苏,27)There is a good social life in the
41、 village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. 答案 had 句意:这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活,我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更 多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气,此处表达现在的一个 愿望,谓语动词要用过去式,故填had。,6.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案 can 句意:Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻
42、松地够到书架顶层的书。考查情 态动词。can意为“可以,能够”,表示能力,符合语境。 7.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system (put) to use, the accident would never have hap- pened. 答案 had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查 虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的 事进行虚拟,因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。 8.(2017天津,2)My
43、room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. 答案 neednt 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它,我可以早晨打扫。 设空处表示不必,所以用neednt。,9.(2017天津,15)Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able to reach her yesterday. 答案 wouldnt have been 句意:你有Betty的电话号码吗?有,否则,昨天我就不能联 系到她
44、了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,应该用would have done结构,此处要用否定形 式。 10.(2017江苏,22) (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 答案 Were 句意:没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。本题考查虚拟语气。 根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知,语境是对现在事实的虚拟,be动词在虚拟语 气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句省略了if时,从句部分应
45、部分倒装。 11.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 答案 neednt 句意:我爱周末,因为我不必在周六和周日早起。neednt表示不必。,12.(2016北京,34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell)me, I could have helped. 答案 had told 句意:你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我,我本可以帮你 的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的
46、could have helped和last week可知设空处为与过去事 实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为had told。 13.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommend- ed. 答案 couldnt 句意:真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据It was really annoying 可知应用couldnt。 14.(2016天津,15)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would
47、(injure). 答案 have been injured 句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤 了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为would+have done。主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案为 have been injured。,15.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. 答案 had not been/hadnt been 句意:如果不是因为那天他的邀请,我现在是不会在这里的。 根据
48、句意可知,本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反,从句和过去的事实相反,故从句谓 语动词为过去完成时。 16.(2015北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it. 答案 hadnt seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。由主句谓语“wouldnt have believed”可知此处为与过去事实相反的假设,故if从句谓语动词应为hadnt seen。 17.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble I known the schedule. 答案
49、 had 句意:要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件从 句,had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。,18.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 答案 had been 句意:要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出 差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。 19.(2015安徽,32)It i
50、s lucky we booked a room,or we (have)nowhere to stay now. 答案 would have 句意:很幸运,我们预订了一个房间,否则,我们现在就没有地方可以住了。 由句意可知or前面是真实的情况,or后面是与现在事实相反的假设,故设空处用would do形 式。 20.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her. 答案 danced 句意:Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的 宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。,
