1、中医常用词汇 Terms Commonly Used in TCM中国医药学 Traditional Chinese Medicine 治未病 prevention of disease中医基础理论 Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine脏腑 zang-organs and fu-organs, viscera临床经验 clinical experience 功能活动 functional activities辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation形神统一 unity of the bo
2、dy and spirit本草 materia medica, herbs 阴阳失调 imbalance of yin and yang中药 Chinese materia medica, Chinese medicinal herbs条达舒畅 free development四气五味 four properties and five tastes 延年益寿 prolonging life, promising longevity针灸 acupuncture and moxibustion, acumox 养生防病 cultivating health to prevent disease各家
3、学说 theories of different schools 正气 healthy qi, vital qi汗法 diaphoresis, sweating therapy 病邪 pathogenic factor下法 purgative therapy, purgation 整体观念 concept of holism吐法 emetic therapy, vomiting therapy 疾病的本质与现象 nature and manifestations of disease补土派 school of invigorating the earth 阴阳的相对平衡 relative ba
4、lance between yin and yang病因学说 etiology 疾病的发生与发展 occurrence and development of disease养生 health-cultivation, 同病异治 treating the same disease with different therapies医疗实践 medical practice 异病同治 treating different diseases with the same therapy治疗原则 therapeutic principles 五脏 five zang-organs, five zang-v
5、iscera寒凉药物 herbs of cold and cool nature, cold-natured herbs六腑 six fu-organs, six fu-viscera滋阴降火 nourishing yin to lower/reduce fire 经络系统 system of meridians and collaterals滋水涵木 enriching water to nourish wood 余热未尽 incomplete abatement of heat瘀血致泻 disease caused by blood stasis 有机整体 organic wholenes
6、s/integrity先天之精 congenital essence 表里关系 exterior and interior relation形与神俱 inseparability of the body and spirit 开窍 opening into开胃 promoting appetite 自然现象 natural phenomena脉象 pulse conditions, pulse pattern 哲学概念 philosophical concept邪正关系 states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi对立统一 unity of oppos
7、ites发热恶寒 fever and aversion to cold 相互消长 mutual waning and waxing头身疼痛 headache and body pain 相互转化 mutual transformation久痢脱肛 proctoptosis due to prolonged 阴阳属性 nature of yin and yangdysentery养阴清热 nourishing yin and clearing away heat相互联系 interrelation清肺热 clear away lung-heat 相互制约 mutual restraint, mu
8、tual restriction/interaction湿邪犯肺 pathogenic dampness invading the lung动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium清热泻火 clearing away heat and reducing fire阴平阳秘 yin and yang in equilibrium腠理 muscular interstices, striae, interstitial space阴阳的互根互用 interdependence of yin and yang水湿停滞 retention of water and dampness, water
9、 retention相互依存 interdependence癃闭 retention of urine 阴阳离绝 separation of yin and yang气血运行 circulation/flow of qi and blood 相反相成 opposite and supplementary to each阴阳转化 transformation between yin and yang生理功能 physiological functions阳消阴长 yang waning and yin waxing 病理变化 pathological changes阴胜则阳病 predomina
10、nce of yin leading to disorder of yang临床诊断 clinical diagnosis阴胜则阳病 an excess of yin leads to deficiency of yang阳胜生外热 exuberance of yang leading to exterior heat阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat阳中求阴 obtaining yang from yin寒极生热 extreme cold generating heat 绝对偏盛 absolute predominance热极生寒 extrem
11、e heat generating cold 阳虚则寒 yang deficiency leading to cold阳损及阴 impairment of yang involving yin 阴阳俱损 simultaneous consumption of yin and yang阴液不足 insufficiency of yin-fluid 阴阳两虚 simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang病机总纲 general principle of pathogenesis 阳虚发热 fever due to yang deficiency病机 pa
12、thomechanism, pathological mechanism阴阳自和 natural harmony between yin and yang阴阳胜复 alternative predominance of yin and yang木乘土 the wood over-restrains the earth虚寒证 deficiency-cold syndrome 木火刑金 wood-fire impairs the metal扶阳退阴 strengthening yang to reduce yin 金水相生 generation between the metal and wate
13、r祛风散寒 expelling/eliminating wind to dispersing cold生克制化 interrelationship between generation and restriction消导积滞 promoting digestion and removing food retention制则生化 restriction ensuring generation潜阳熄风 suppressing yang to quench wind 母病及子 disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ五行学说 theo
14、ry of five elements 传变 transmission of disease, progress of disease运动变化 motion and variation 子病犯母 disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-organ正邪相争 struggle/combat between healthy qi and pathogenic factors肝肾精血不足 insufficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood相生相克 mutual generation and re
15、striction 肝阳上亢 hyperactivity of liver yang生我，我生 to be generated and to generate 心肝血虚 asthenia / deficiency of heart and liver blood克我，我克 to be restricted and to restrict 心肝火旺 exuberance of heart and liver fire 生中有制 restriction within generation 心火亢盛 hyperactivity/exuberance of heart fire克中有生 generat
16、ion within restriction 滋肾养肝 nourishing the kidney and liver木曰曲直 wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally方位配五行 correspondence of the directions to the five elements火曰炎上 fire is characterized by flaming up 温肾健脾 warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen土爰稼穑 earth is characterized
17、by cultivation and reaping肾阳式微 declination of kidney yang金曰从革 metal is characterized by change 脾阳不振 inactivation of spleen yang病缓起 gradual onset of disease 脾胃虚弱 hypofunction/weakness of the spleen and stomach肝阴不足 insufficiency of liver yin 地道不通 menopause相乘相侮 over-restriction and reverse restriction平
18、肝和胃 soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水湿停聚 retention of water-dampness 水火不济 discordance between water and fire肾阴不足 insufficiency of kidney yin 藏象学说 theory of visceral manifestations心肾不交 disharmony between the heart and kidney奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs宣通水道 dredging water passage 水谷精微 ce
19、real nutrients, essence of water and food通调水道 dredging and regulating water passage传化水谷 transmission and transformation of food行气利水 activating qi to excrete water 贮藏精气 storage of essence水液停滞 retention of fluid 治疗效果 curative / therapeutic effect后天之本 postnatal / acquired base of life 藏而不泻 storage with
20、out excretion调畅气机 regulating qi activity 泻而不藏 excretion without storage肝气上逆 upward flow of liver qi 表热里寒 exterior heat and interior cold水曰润下 water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing肝旺脾虚 hyperfunction of the liver and weakness of the spleen脾主运化 the spleen governing transportation and
21、 transformation大肉陷下 obvious emaciation and muscular atrophy, extreme emaciation肝气郁结 stagnation of liver qi 面色红润 ruddy complexion, rosy cheeks胆虚证 gallbladder deficiency syndrome 胆虚不得眠 insomnia due to gallbladder asthenia腐熟水谷 digesting food 导便法 laxation食欲不振 poor appetite 跌打损伤 traumatic injury脘腹胀闷 epig
22、astric distension and depression动静结合 integration of motion and quietness/stillness嗳气酸腐 eructation with fetid odor 定喘 relieving asthma泌别清浊 separating the clear from the turbid 心主血脉 the heart controlling blood and vessels食物残渣 residue of food 心气充沛 abundance of heart qi大肠主传导 the large intestine governin
23、g transmission and transportation防御外邪入侵 preventing the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factor癃闭 dysuria, retention of urine, anuria and dysuria 血液充盈 plenty of blood面黄肌瘦 emaciation with sallow complexion 脉道不利 unsmoothness of vessels止珠偏斜 strabismus, squint, ocular deviation 面色无华 lusterless complexion
24、调节水液 regulation of water 脉象细弱 thin and weak pulse排泄糟粕 excretion of waste material 面色萎黄 sallow complexion髓海不足 insufficiency of marrow-sea 汗血同源 sweat and blood sharing the same origin精神委靡 dispiritedness, listlessness, lower spirit升降出入 ascending, descending, coming in and going out月经不调 irregular menstr
25、uation 气为血帅 qi serves as the commander of the blood冲任不固 weakness of thoroughfare and conception vessels气血凝滞 stagnation of qi and blood经期延长 prolonged menstruation 血瘀 blood stasis小肠实热 sthenia-heat in the small intestine 气滞腰痛 lumbago due to qi stagnation气机调畅 smooth activity of qi 气虚滑胎 habitual abortion
26、 due to qi asthenia气化不利 dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热 aversion to cold and preference for heat气分热盛 excessive heat at qi phase 气郁化热 stagnation of qi transforming into heat温养脏腑 warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络 blood stasis obstructing the collaterals清肺润燥 clearing the lung and moisten
27、ing dryness破瘀通经 breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation内伤头疼 headache due to internal injury 祛瘀 eliminating stasis, expelling stasis逆传心包 reverse transmission into the pericardium气不摄血 failure of qi to check the blood宁心安神 calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind血液循行 circulation of the blood惊悸
28、不安 palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式 the moving styles of qi血液生成不足 insufficient production of the blood平肝止血 soothing the liver to stop bleeding血液亏虚 deficiency of the blood 离经之血 abnormal flow of the blood津液的形状、功能与分布 form, function, and distribution of the body fluid气血生化之源 source for the production and
29、 transformation of qi and blood脉细无力 thin and weak pulse 肌肤干燥 dry skin肌肤甲错 squamous and dry skin 血脉调和流畅 smooth and normal flow of the blood脏腑火热炽盛 exuberant fire and heat in the viscera机体正常水液 normal fluid inside the body热迫血分 heat invading the blood phase 气滞津停 retention of fluid due to stagnation of qi
30、寒凝气滞 stagnation of cold and qi 身倦乏力 lassitude气滞血瘀 qi stagnation and blood stasis 伤津脱液 consumption and loss of the body fluid津液的营养和滋润作用 the nourishing and moistening functions of the body fluid津液的生成、输布和排泄 production, distribution, and excretion of the body fluid腹痛拒按 unpalpable abdominal pain 脾的“散精” 功
31、能 the function of the spleen to “dissipate essence”津液不足 insufficiency of the body fluid 水液停聚 retention of water奇经八脉 eight extraordinary vessels, eight extraordinary meridians胃的“游溢精气” the function of the stomach to “distribute essence”津液生化匮乏 scanty production of the body fluid津液的代谢平衡 the metabolic ba
32、lance of the body fluid热盛耗伤津液 consumption of the body fluid due to excessive heat风为百病之长 wind is the leading factor in causing various diseases水液代谢障碍 disturbance of water metabolism气随津脱 exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid水湿困脾 dampness encumbering the spleen 濡养肌肤 moistening and nourishing the s
33、kin湿邪内盛 exuberance of interior dampness 经脉之海 sea of meridians脾虚水肿 edema due to spleen deficiency 滋养脏腑 moistening and nourishing the viscera运行全身气血 transporting qi and blood in the whole body十二经别 twelve branches of meridians联络脏腑肢节 connecting with viscera, limbs and joints经别 divergent meridians循行路线 run
34、ning route 经气 meridian qi十二正经 twelve regular meridians 十二皮部 twelve skin areas, twelve skin regions/divisions经隧阻滞 blockage of meridians 十二经筋 twelve meridian tendons经穴 meridian acupoints, Jing-River acupoint 饮食劳倦 improper diet and overstrain经络辨证 syndrome differentiation according to meridians风寒感冒 comm
35、on cold due to wind-cold经络感传 meridian conduction, channel transmission湿热泄泻 diarrhea due to damp-heat经络现象 meridian phenomena 内生五邪 five endogenous pathogenic factors经络阻滞 blockage of meridians 风邪外袭 pathogenic wind attacking the superficies舒筋活络 relaxing tendons and activating collaterals游走性关节疼痛 migrator
36、y arthralgias刺血疗法 blood-pricking therapy 阳气衰退 decline of yang-qi外感六淫 attacked by six climate pathogenic 六淫 six climatic evilsfactors感受寒邪 attacked by pathogenic cold 经闭发肿 amenorrhea with edema虚实夹杂 deficiency complicated with excess, asthenia complicated with sthenia邪正盛衰 predominance or decline of pat
37、hogenic factors and healthy qi寒性凝滞 cold tending to stagnate by nature 病症的虚实变化 asthenia and sthenia changes of disease腠理闭塞 blockage of muscular interstices 机体的抗病能力 body resistance经脉拘急收引 contraction of tendons 五心烦热 feverish sensation over the five centers湿邪困脾 pathogenic dampness encumbering the spleen
38、五心 five centers (palms, soles and chest)疾病的发生、发展与变化 occurrence, development and changes of disease生津安神 promoting the production of body fluid and tranquilizing the mind体质强弱 conditions of constitution 蓄血发黄 jaundice due to blood accumulation气血功能紊乱 dysfunction of qi and blood 脾阳不振 inactivation of splee
39、n yang阴阳偏盛大 relative predominance of yin and yang阴虚生内热 yin deficiency generating interior heat五志过极 extreme changes of emotions 热极生风 extreme heat producing wind精气夺则虚 depletion of essence causing deficiency七情内伤 internal injury due to emotional disorder阴阳互损 mutual consumption of yin and yang 饮食不节 impro
40、per diet真热假寒 true heat and false cold 暴饮暴食 craputence气机郁滞不畅 stagnation of qi activity 神昏谵语 coma and delirium津液代谢失常 disorder of fluid metabolism 四诊合参 combined use of the four diagnostic methods寒热往来 alternate attacks of chill and fever 精神活动 mental activities津伤化燥 consumption of fluid transforming into
41、dryness面部表情 facial expressions风火胁痛 hypochondriac pain due to wind-fire 精充气足 sufficient essence and abundant qi口眼歪斜 wry mouth with distorted eyes, facial distortion预后良好 favorable prognosis湿浊内生 endogenous turbid dampness 表情淡漠 apathetic facial expressions虚火上炎 flaming of asthenia-fire 精神不振 dispiritednes
42、s邪气内陷 internal invasion of pathogenic factors神志不清 unconsciousness大肠热结 retention of heat in the large intestine轻宣润燥 dispersing lung qi and moistening dryness心脉瘀阻 blood stasis in the heart vessels 四肢抽搐 convulsion of the limbs镜面舌 mirror-like tongue 脏腑辨证 syndrome differentiation of viscera饥不欲食 hunger wi
43、thout desire for food 病位与病性 location and nature of disease脉有胃气 pulse with stomach qi 表里同病 disease involving both the exterior and interior清里泄热 clearing away heat in the interior 风热眩晕 vertigo due to wind-heat寒证化热 cold syndrome transforming into 寒热错杂 simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat syndrome h
44、eat舌淡苔白而润滑 light-colored tongue with white and slippery coating表邪入里 invasion of the exterior pathogenic factors into the interior祛风解痉 expelling wind to relieve convulsion 外感胃脘痛 stomachache due to exogenous pathogenic factors恶寒与恶热 aversion to cold and aversion to heat潮热盗汗 tidal fever and night sweati
45、ng口干唇裂 dry mouth with cracked lips 高热谵妄 high fever with delirium脉数无力 rapid and weak pulse 和血止痛 regulating blood to alleviate pain寒邪郁而化热 stagnation of pathogenic cold changing into heat寒因寒用 treating pseudo-cold syndrome with herbs of cold nature未病先防 preventing measures taken before the occurrence of
46、disease热因热用 treating pseudo-heat syndrome with herbs of heat nature补气健脾 invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen塞因塞用 treating obstructive syndrome with tonifying therapy补血养心 enriching blood to nourish the heart 发汗解表 relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis水气凌心 water attacking the heart 风热乳蛾 to
47、nsillitis due to wind-heat心悸多梦 palpitation and dreaminess 痰饮咳嗽 cough due to fluid retention血为气母 the blood serving as the mother of qi实热蕴结 accumulation of sthenia-heat调摄精神 regulating mental states 舒肝和胃 soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach血脉流畅 smooth circulation of blood 清热泻火 clearing away h
48、eat and reducing fire关节通利 smooth movement of joints 疏风泄热 dispelling wind and reducing heat气机调畅 free activity of qi 行气消瘀 activating qi to resolve stagnation益寿延年 promoting longevity 养血润肠 nourishing the blood and moistening the intestine治病求本 treatment of disease must concentrate on the principle cause
49、of disease因时、因地、因人制宜 applying proper therapeutic measure in line with season, local conditions and individuality急则治其标 relieving the secondary symptoms first in treating acute disease缓则治其本 relieving the primary symptoms in treating chronic disease通腑泄热 purging fu-organs to eliminate heat 燥湿化痰 drying d
50、ampness and resolving phlegm标本兼治 treatment focusing on relieving both the secondary and primary symptoms正虚邪实 asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors痰湿壅肺 accumulation of phlegm-dampness in the lung血枯经闭 amenorrhea due to blood exhaustion祛虫消积 removing parasites to eliminate accumulatio
