1、六、非谓语动词,第二部分 语法考点突破,一、非谓语动词的形式,to do,doing,done,doing,to have done,having done,having done,to be doing,一般式,to be done,being done,being done,完成式,to have been done,having been done,having been done,一般式,not to do,not doing,not done,not doing,完成式,not to have done,not having done,not having done,二、非谓语动词在
2、句中的成分,主观性、具体性、一次性、将来性,客观性、抽象性、一般性、经验性,主动正在进行,被动完成,三、作宾语的非谓语动词比较,hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect,wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，afford，determine，promise，happen,mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practice，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，consider,cant help，fee
3、l like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to,基意义本相同,begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为),n
4、eed，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式),意义相反,stop to do(停止手中事，去做另一件事) stop doing(停止正在做的事),意义不同,remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生),go on to do(接着做另一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事),try to do(设法， 努力去做，尽力) try doing(试着去做，看有何结果),mean to do(打算做，企图做)mean doing(意思是，意味着
5、),cant help to do(不能帮忙做)，cant help doing(忍不住要做),四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别,ask，beg, expect,get, order，tell, want，wish, encourage(带to),have，notice, see，watch, hear，feel, let，make(不带to),主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成,I asked him to help me. I heard him call me several times.,notice，see, watch，hear, find，keep, have，feel,主谓关系
6、。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成,I found her listening to the radio.,动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态,We found the village greatly changed.,五、非谓语动词作定语的区别,与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生,I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed.,通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系,Shall we go to the swimming pool？,与被修饰词
7、之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,与被修饰之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成,the boiling water/the boiled water，the developing country/the developed country，the falling leaves/the fallen leaves,六、非谓语动词作主语和表语的区别,多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，作主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。作表语有时可和主语交换位置而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语,My dream is to become a teacher.To
8、become a teacher is my dream Its my dream to become a teacher.(dream,business，wish，idea，plan，duty，task作主语时常用) To obey the law is important. It is important to obey the law.,与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it作形式主语，作表语时可以和主语换位置,It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my
9、job.,无名词的性质，不能作主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以作表语，多表明主语的性质特征或者状态等，可被very，quite，rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含“令人”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”之意，主语多是人。,The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常用分词有astonishing,moving，tiring,disappointing，puzzling,shocking，boring，amusing及其ed形式),七、语法填空中非谓语动词的
10、考查 广东近五年高考在语法填空题中考查非谓语动词的情况： 2009：She wished that he was as easy _ (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. 解析：在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式。 2010：He spit it out，_ (say) it was awful. 解析：考查非谓语动词。整句汇总已有谓语动词spit，故此处应填非谓语动词，又表伴随状态，用v.ing形式。,to please,saying,2011：I got on the bus and found a sea
11、t near the back，and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front. 解析：考查非谓语动词。作感官动词notice的宾语补足语，与notice的动作同时进行，用v.ing形式。 2012：He suddenly appeared in class one day，_(wear) sun glasses. 解析：因已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词作状语表示伴随情况；又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。 2013：“.but everyone added a litt
12、le，always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.” 解析：考查非谓语动词， ving形式表伴随。,sitting,wearing,thinking,1(2013高考新课标全国卷)The sunlight is white and blinding，_hardedged shadows on the ground. Athrowing Bbeing thrown Cto throw Dto be thrown,A,解析：本题考查非谓语动词
13、的用法。句意：太阳光白得耀眼,在地上投下了轮廓鲜明的影子。A项throwing是现在分词，表示动作正在进行，常在句中作伴随状语；B项being thrown属于现在分词的被动形式，表示被动意义；C项to throw 是动词不定式，表示将来的动作；D项to be thrown是不定式的被动形式。根据句意判断，此空格处应该填入一个能作伴随状语,且和句子的主语在逻辑上构成主谓关系的非谓语动词形式。首先排除B、D两个选项，因为这两个选项在逻辑上和句子的主语是动宾关系；C项虽然可以和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，但是其常用作目的状语或结果状语等，不能用作伴随状语，所以也得排除。剩下的A项既符合语法规则
14、，也符合语意逻辑关系。故答案选A项。,2(2013高考北京卷)_the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level. AFind B.Finding CTo find DFound 解析：题干的意思是：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。,B,3(2013高考重庆卷)When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，_me stories till I fell asleep
15、. Ahaving told B.telling Ctold D.to tell 解析：题干的意思是：“我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，一直讲到我睡着。”空格前是一个主干无缺、语意完整的句子，因此可首先排除作谓语的told。A项having told表示动作已经发生；B项telling表示动作正在发生；D项to tell表示动作尚未发生。从句子结构分析得知，“给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着”是作伴随状语的。只有B项telling可作伴随状语，表示动作正在进行。,B,4(2013高考山东卷)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling
16、tired. Atake B.taking Cto take D.taken 解析：句意：因为我感到累了，我停下车休息了一小会儿。此处用不定式短语作目的状语。,C,5(2013高考湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky，_the mountain in golden light. Abathed B.bathing Cto have bathed D.having bathed 解析：题干的意思是：“太阳开始在天空中升起，这使大山沐浴在了金色的阳光之中。”主语the sun和动词bathe“沐浴”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，由此可知答案为B。,B,
17、6(2013高考湖南卷)_warm at night，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. AStaying B.Stayed CTo stay DStay 解析：题干的意思是：“晚上为了取暖，我会填满柴炉，然后为闹钟定时以便半夜里能起来再添一次。”根据语境可知此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为C。为了突出目的，通常把目的状语置于句首。,C,7(2013高考安徽卷)_ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on
18、inspiring childrens love of art. ATo found B.FoundingCFounded D.Having founded 解析：句意：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。,C,8(2013高考北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance_lives，including your own. Achange B.changing Cchanged Dto change 解析：题干的意思是：志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。a chance
19、 to do sth.“做某事的机会”。如果用动词的ing形式作定语，需借助于介词of，a chance of doing sth.“做某事的机会”，所以正确答案为D项。要注意常见的接动词不定式作定语的名词，如chance，ability，way等。,D,9(2013高考天津卷)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations. Ausing B.to useChaving used D.used 解析：句意：“在一些语言中，100个单词占了日常对话所使用的所有单词的一半。”题干中mak
20、e up是谓语动词，_in daily conversations作后置定语，修饰words，words与use之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词used。,D,10(2013高考山东卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. Astanding B.to stand Cstands D.stood 解析：句意：除了一个立在墙角的书架外,整个房间是空着的。分析句子结构知，主句是“The room is empty.”，except for后接名词、代词或动名词形式，它的后面不可能是一个句子，因此后一个空不可能填谓语动词，所
21、以排除选项C、D；再根据a bookshelf与stand 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且stand这一动作正在发生着，故选项A符合句意。选项B是不定式，表示动作尚未发生，不符合句意。,A,11(2013高考辽宁卷)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail _for her. Awaited B.to wait Cwaiting D.was waiting 解析：句意：劳拉去了巴黎一个多星期。当她到家时，有一堆邮件正等着她。分析句子结构可知，空格处用作后置定语修饰mail，因为
22、mail与wait之间为主动关系，且wait的动作不是发生在将来，故不用不定式而用现在分词结构。D项若改为which/that was waiting也正确,这样可构成定语从句修饰mail，但是作为从句主语的关系代词不可省去。,C,12(2013高考湖南卷)You cannot accept an opinion_ to you unless it is based on facts. Aoffering B.to offer Chaving offered Doffered 解析：题干的意思是：“你不可以接受别人提供的观点，除非它是建立在事实基础之上的。”分析句子成分可知，“_to you”
23、是分词短语作后置定语修饰opinion，又因为opinion和offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词修饰，由此可知答案为D。,D,13(2013高考陕西卷)The witnesses_by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. Aquestioned B.being questioned Cto be questioned Dhaving questioned 解析：题干的意思是：“刚才被警察问询的证人对打架作出了不同的描述。”该题考查的是非谓语动词作后置定语。那些证人是“被问询”的，所以要用que
24、stion的被动形式，故可以排除D；由句中的just now和gave very different descriptions不难得知“问询”这一动作发生过了,所以要用动词的过去分词作定语; B项表示“正在被问询”；而C项则表示“将要被问询”，动作还没发生；所以B、C两项均不符合题意。,A,14(2013高考新课标全国卷)They might just have a place_on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? Aleft B.leave Cleaving D.to leave 解析：本题考查对动词形式的选用。句意：他们可能只剩下
25、一个写作课的名额了，你为什么不试一试呢？四个选项中除了B项是动词原形外，其余三项都是非谓语动词形式。A项left是leave的过去分词形式,在句中常用作后置定语,意为“剩余的”；C项为现在分词，表示动作正在进行；D项是动词不定式，表示将来的意义。根据句意可知，A项left符合题意。,A,15(2013高考北京卷)When we saw the road_with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. Ablock B.to block Cblocking Dblocked 解析：题干的意思是：当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家里度假。分
26、析结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的整个过程”；宾语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾补与宾语之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处block与宾语the road之间为动宾关系，应用blocked作宾补，故正确答案为D项。,D,.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1_ (make) a long story short，he is going to kill the old man tonight. 2I searched all the drawers _ (find) my lost necklace. 3W
27、hen _ (heat)，ice will be changed into water. 4My mother could do nothing but _ (wait) for the doctor to arrive. 5His _ (not pass) the exam made his mother sad.,To make,to find,heated,wait,not passing,6How _ (begin) is more difficult than where _ (stop) 7My work is _ (clean) the managers office every
28、 day. 8_ (attract) by the beautiful music，all people on the street stopped. 9She pretended _ (sleep) when his mother entered the room. 10I want to leave here，because I just couldnt stand _ (sleep) in such a noisy room. 11.The man threw himself from the horse，as if _(shoot).,to begin,to stop,cleaning
29、,Attracted,to be sleeping,sleeping,shot,12When father came in，I was lying on the bed，_ (read) a book. 13Much high technology has been introduced from other country，thus _ (result) in great increase in production of the company. 14Strictly _ (speak)，hes not qualified for the job. 15If I correct someo
30、ne now，I will do it with as much good humor and selfrestraint as if I were the one _ (correct),reading,resulting,speaking,being corrected,.语篇填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空Many years ago，a young foreigner 1._ (call) Marco Polo traveled all the way from Italy to China.From then on a window to the east has been 2._ (
31、open) for westerners.Two kinds of gold coins once 3._ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.Marco Polo was 4._ (born) in 1254.He lived in Venice，a rich city in Italy.Marcos father and uncle were mere merchants.They had traveled to the east.So when Marco was young，he enjoyed
32、 5._ (listen) to the stories about the places 6._ (visit) by his father.,called,opened,made,born,listening,visited,His father decided 7._ (take) him on a trip.When Marco Polo was just 17，he left his country for China.They had a lot of trouble in 8._ (explore)So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo，but
33、he was very brave.After four years，Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job.Marco spent 17 years 9._(work) for him.He visited most parts of China.He learnt lots of 10._ (interest) things about Chinese life.When he returned home，he let others know about things like coal and paper money.He wrote about his trip in a famous book.,to take,exploring,working,interesting,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,
