1、英译汉句型翻译方法和技巧,第一节：定语从句的译法第二节：被动语态的译法,第一节定语从句的译法,前置法把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前，用“的”连接。27. I have to come to discuss with you about the measures we shall take to cope with the situation.我得来和你商量一下应付这个局面采取的措施。43. The company has adopted a new approach to marketing goods abroad. 公司采取了新的在海外推销产品措施。,后置法把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词
2、后，翻译为并列从句。1. 重复先行词30. H. G. Wells was a writer who was largely self-taught and had had a hard struggle to get an education at all.H. G. Wells是一位主要靠自学成才的作家，他完全是历尽艰辛才受到教育的。,2. 省略先行词19. This book is divided into sixteen units that deal with topics of everyday conversation.本书共分为16个单元，内容涉及日常生活会话。,3. 融合法:
3、 把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译62. The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.经理需要一位助手，能够指望在他外出期间来处理各种问题。,4.除此之外，定语从句也可译成表示“时间/原因/条件/让/目的/结果/转折”的分句A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.司机开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。He showed no furth
4、er with for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人讨厌。,Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 He insisted on buying another house, which he
5、had no use for.尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一栋房子。 He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。,They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们试图镇压反抗，结果反抗越来越烈，遍及全国。 She was very patient towards the ch
6、ildren, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。,第二节被 动 语 态 的 译 法,一. 译成主动句 1. 原文主语作主语当主语为无生命的名词，句中也没出现by+行为主语时，翻译往往将原句中的主语仍然译为主语。 64. The project, if properly managed, could be finished ahead of schedule.如果管理得当，这个项目可以提前完成。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.会议定于四月六日举行。,特例：当主语为有生命的名词，有时也
7、可原句主语做主语。 33. Since the beginning of recorded history， human have been known to seek good health and the means to cure themselves of illness.自从有史以来，人类一直在追求健康的身体，寻找方法来治疗疾病。,2. 主宾颠倒很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by，翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语，而原来的主语译成宾语。Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.这种化学反应能放出热和光
8、。,3增加主语有些被动句中并未出现行为主体，翻译时可适当添增不确定性主语， 如“人们/有人/大家/我们”23. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it get away?人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？,二. 译成无主句有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为主体，因此，翻译时往往译成无主语句，这时原句中的主语一般译成宾语 Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以证明水含有杂质。,三. 译成判断句有些被动句不强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态，过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似，因此翻译这类被动句经常采用的是“是.的”的形式。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。,四. 被动句型 “It is + Ved + that”的翻译It is + Ved (said/ considered/stressed) + that这种句型翻译时习惯采用主动语态， 有时还需要加上行为主体“我们/人们/大家/有人”等等 It is considered that this is a complicated subject.有人认为，这是门复杂的学科。,
