1、春天还会远吗 ? will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了, Winter has already come,现在完成时态,Winter has already come.,上一页,现在完成时的构成形式,havedone has,助动词,过去分词,上一页,陈述句肯定形式。主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它 e.g. I have had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 陈述句否定形式。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+ （在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent
2、/hasnt） e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还没吃午饭 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。, 现在完成时的基本句型,上一页,一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语过去分词 （将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes , 主语 have/has.否定回答：No , 主语 havent/hasnt. Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了吗？Yes, he has ./ No, he hasnt. 特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词+ have/has+主语过去分词？e.g. Wher
3、e has he gone? 他去了哪里？,上一页,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。They have left.-他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）I have had my lunch.-我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）,现在完成时的含义,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。He has learned English since 2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,上一页,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表
4、示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,上一页,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,上一页,2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last we
5、ek，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,上一页,现在完成时的时间状语,常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. 还可以和表示一段时间的状
6、语连用， since, for a long time等.,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, yet, ever, just, never, before, up to now, so far, in the past few weeksthese days, since for+a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,一、sinceMr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 He
7、s learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）,上一页,下一页,二、for时间段（一段时间） （two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （他在这个学校已经教了4年书了。）I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）,上一页,下一页,（注）: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,
8、决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,上一页,现在完成时时间状语的比较与运用:,1）already（已经） 和yet（已经，还）already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。I have already finished my homework.I havent finish
9、ed my homework yet.,上一页,2）ever（曾经，这以前）never（从不）ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。He has ever been to Paris.He has never been to Paris.,上一页,3） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）区别just now(刚才，用于一般过去时）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They
10、have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。,上一页,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,上一页,She joined the League three years ago.(加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years (since three
11、 years ago).(在团内的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续),延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,He has finished the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn, work, keep, hav
12、e, wait, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get married等。,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-
13、,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be opened,be back,be married,be,上一页,也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。,上一页,下一页,电影开始五分钟了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minute
14、s since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 他入党五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,下一页,上一页,非延续性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, joi
15、n, leave, 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替非延续性（终止性）动词。,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页, 翻 译 练 习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five year
16、s/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock.He has been here since 6 ocl
17、ock.,I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to have/has gone to,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表
18、示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,He has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了现在还
19、在上海没有离开呢,He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.,以前他在上海住过10年 现在不在上海了,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three
20、days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,上一页,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hou
21、r ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,上一页,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10
22、years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has bee
23、n on for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 (keys),上一页,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago
24、. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.,上一页,动 词 填 空：1._ you _(clean) the room?Yes, we _(do) that already.When _ you _(do) it?We _(do) it an hour ago.
25、 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.When _ he _(see) it?He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.How _ she _(go) there?She _(go) t
26、here by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His fathe
27、r has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike
28、 and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet?Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been i
29、n,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone ou
30、t for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep yo
31、u waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ? -I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned
32、 C had been planning D have been planning,上一页,6. -When will they leave ? -They _very soon . A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week. A doing B to take C making D to give 8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would
33、C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before. A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts,上一页,Choose the best answer,1 What a nice watch ！How long you it？ Just three weeks A will，b
34、uy B did，buy C have ，had2 you in Greener China for a long time？Yes，I joined it five years ago A Have，been B Has ，joined C Have ，joined3 Teacher Li Japan，he Japan for two years A has been to，has been to B has gone to ，has been in C has gone to ，has been to,（C）,（A）,（B）,上一页,4 The students are sorry to
35、hear that the famous singer forhalf an hour A has left B has been away C has gone away 5 I this book for two days ，I have to return it now A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept,（B）,（C）,上一页,6-When you your old friend?-The day before yesterday. A will,visit B did ,visit C have ,visited 7 Mrs White in
36、 this school since she came here. A teaches B taught C has taught 8 No children football in the street since a carhit a boy last Sunday. A have played B played C playing,（B）,（C）,（A）,9 -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all,I here only for a few minutes. A was B have been C will be 10 His father since 1936. A died B has died C has been dead,（B）,（C）,上一页,
