1、 解放宣言 公元 1862 年 9 月 22 日 2 合众国总统曾发布一项宣言，包括以下内容，即：从公元 1863 年 1 月 1 日起，任何一州或州内标明地区的人仍把他人作为奴隶，将视为背叛联邦政府，所有被当作奴隶的人从即日起，将会获得永久自由；联邦执政府，包括陆军，海军当局，将认可和保卫这些人的自由，对这样的群体或单独一人为获得实在的自由而做的任何努力，将不采取单一行动或联合行动去压制。自 1863 年 1 月 1 日起，政府将依据宣言明确哪一州或州内某地区的人们分别背叛联邦政府。以事实为判断依据，从即日起，任何一州和它的人民都要由有选举资格的大多数人投票选出他们信任的代表，参加合众国的国
2、会。如无明显的抵制证据，则可确认该州及州内人民无背叛联邦政府的迹象。为此，我，亚伯拉罕林肯合众国的总统，以合众国陆海军总司令的权威，在发生背叛联邦政府和权威的事实之时，作为适当和必要的手段估，对叛乱进行了武力镇压。值此公元 1863 年 1 月 1 日，距离为平叛目的而公开发表宣言的时间整整一百天的时候，我明确宣布以下各州和州内部分地区以及那里的人们背叛了联邦政府，这就是：阿肯色州、得克萨斯 州、路易斯安那州（圣伯纳德、普拉克明斯、杰斐逊、圣约翰、圣查尔斯、圣詹姆斯、阿森松、阿桑普申、特勒博恩、拉富什、圣马丁和奥尔良、包括新奥尔良城，以上教区除外） 、密西西比州、亚拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚
3、州、南罗莱纳州、北卡罗莱纳州、弗吉尼亚州、 （标明为西弗吉尼亚的 48 个县，还有伯克利县、阿康玛克县、北安普顿县、伊丽莎白市、约克、安公主、诺福克、包括诺福克市、和普茨茅斯市，以上地区除外）这些地区，不包括除外的地区，目前看来完全保持宣言颁布前的状态。以权力的效能和前述的意图，我命令和宣告，前述标明的各州和某些州的部分地区被 作为奴隶的人，从即日起，将会获得自由；合众国执政府，包括陆军和海军当局，将从可及保卫前述之人的自由。在此我要特别告诫已宣布获得自由的人民，要戒绝所有暴力，除非出于自卫的必要；我还劝告他们，在所有正常情况下，要为获得公平的薪水付出诚实的劳动。我进一步宣告，让人民家喻户晓，
4、符合条件的人将接纳进入联邦军队服役，去保卫炮台、车站和其他地方，也可以在各种舰船上服役。对于这一行动，我衷心地相信是一个正义之举，是宪法授权的军事措施，我祈求人类对此行动做出慎重的裁断，祈求万能的上帝给予慈祥的恩惠。因而，为此我抬起手，盖上合众国的大印。于华盛顿，公元 1863 年 1 月 1 日，美利坚合众国独立八十七年。总统：亚伯拉罕林肯国务卿：威廉西华德The Emancipation ProclamationWhereas, on the twenty-second day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
5、hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designat
6、ed part of a State, the people where of shall then be in rebellion against the United State, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free: and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons,
7、 and will do no acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of the States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall th
8、en be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United Stated by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participate
9、d, shall in the absence if strong countervailing testimony be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States.Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-
10、Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and the government of the United Sates, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
11、and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of 100 days from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, th
12、e following to wit:Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and
13、Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this procla
14、mation were not issued.And by virtue of the power aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of the States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authori
15、ties thereof, shall recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases where allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.And I
16、 further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to men vessels of all sorts in said service.And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice
17、, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States To be affixed.Done at the city of Washington, the first day of January
18、, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.By the President: Abraham LincolnWilliam H. Seward, Secretary of State导读：1862 年 12 月 30 日下午和第二天上午，林肯重新写了宣言的全文，他从容不迫，写得很慢，字迹清晰无误，像经典似的庄严。他曾告诉萨纳姆（废奴主义运动的一位领袖
19、译者注）：“我十分清楚地知道，与这个文件相联系的名字永远不会被人们遗忘。 ”全文朴实无华，严谨而简洁。句子既各自独立又互相映衬，浑然一体。元旦上午，政府管理机构和陆海军各部门的高级官员以及身佩金色绶带、头戴大礼帽的外交使团的成员，纷纷到达白宫，参加总统每年例行的招待会。白宫中长长的门廊、走道和草坪上都挤满了旁观者和看热闹的人。总统开始和人们握手致意，一直持续了三个小时。当天下午，西华德和他的儿子弗雷德里克带着林肯亲自起草的解放宣言全文来上面签字。他们发现林肯独自一人在他的办公室。他们把那张宽大的纸推开放在他面前的桌子上。林肯把蘸水笔在墨水瓶里蘸了一下，拿着笔在纸上犹豫着，环顾左右，然后说：“在
20、我一生中，我从来没有像在这个文件上签字这样更加确信自己是做得正确的。但是我从上午 9 点起就一直在接见客人，同人们握手，弄得我手臂僵硬麻木。现在这个签字将被人们仔细察看，如果他们发现我的手颤抖过，他们会说:他有点懊悔了 ，但无论如何，这个字总是要签的。 ”说着，他缓慢而小心地在解放宣言下边写上了亚伯拉罕林肯名字，虽然林肯自认为“有点颤抖“但它却是一个笔力雄浑字迹清晰的签字。别人的脸上都露出了笑容，因为这个签字是用当天被几千人使劲据过和拉过的手写下的，而且写得比他本人或他们所期望的还要好。接着西华德也签了名，盖上了合众国的在不久的大印，然后文件就存入了国务院的档案库里。这个文件，虽然质朴审慎，但却作为最激动人心的新闻，在当天和那个月里，通过电报、书信、出版物和通报等种种途径传遍了全世界。
