1、 0.1 kPa U 1 1 000 kg/m 3 2 789 kg/m 3 。 g g h = g p h g = mm 10.19 m 01019 . 0 81 . 9 10 10 1 . 0 3 3 = = = h mm 12.92 m 01292 . 0 81 . 9 789 10 1 . 0 3 = = = h 1 16 30 l 200 mm 800 kg/m 3 mmH 2 O 4 g h = g h g h = = v = h h = sin l ( ) C 4 O mmH 80 1000 800 30 sin 200 2 o o = = 20 976 cm/s 2 U 30
2、cm mmHg(0 20 000172 . 0 1 cmHg 30 C 0 = o h C) mmHg(0 97 . 298 o = h g h g = C) mmHg(0 5 . 297 665 . 980 976 97 . 298 o = = = = g g h h p 30 m 0.098 6 MPa 1 000 kg/m 3 MPa h g p p b + = 6 10 30 80665 . 9 1000 0986 . 0 + = 0.392 8 Mpa 0.1 MPa 20 30 m MPa 0 p h g p p + = 0 h g p p = 0 h g T R p h g p
3、d d d g = = T R h g p p g d d = T R gh p p g 0 ln = MPa 65 099 . 0 1 . 0 293 1 . 287 30 81 . 9 0 g = = = e e p p T R gh 30 m 0.735 kg/m 3 0.1 MPa 20 b p p gh p gh p + = + b () gh T R p gh p p p v = = = g b b Pa 5 . 133 30 81 . 9 735 . 0 293 1 . 287 10 1 . 0 6 = = 0.6 MPa 40 1 kg 30 0.4 MPa MPa 6 . 0
4、 1 = p K 313 1 = T MPa 4 . 0 2 = p K 303 2 = T kg 1 = m 1 g 1 T mR V p = 2 g 2 1 T R m V p = 1 2 2 1 2 1 T p T p T p m = 1 2 2 1 2 1 g 1 1 g T p T p T T R p T mR V = = 3 6 m 3 497 . 0 313 4 . 0 303 6 . 0 10 303 8 . 296 = = 0.5 m 3 0.1 mmHg 30 T mR V p g = min kg 10 0955 . 0 ) 273 30 ( 1 . 287 5 . 0
5、32 . 133 1 . 0 3 g = + = = T R pV m A 0.3 m 3 0.6 MPa 60 B A B B 0.15 MPa 20 0.4 MPa 50 B 3 A m 3 . 0 = V MPa 6 . 0 A = p K 333 A = T MPa 15 . 0 B = p K 293 B = T MPa 4 . 0 A = p K 323 A = T kg 821 . 1 333 8 . 296 3 . 0 10 6 . 0 6 A g A A = = = T R V p m A kg 252 . 1 323 8 . 296 3 . 0 10 4 . 0 6 A g
6、 A A A = = = T R V p m B kg 569 . 0 252 . 1 821 . 1 A B = = = m m m B B B g B B p T R m V = 3 6 m 33 . 0 10 15 . 0 293 8 . 296 569 . 0 = = 9.5 m 3 0.1 MPa 17 0.2 m 3 17 0.1 MPa 0.7 MPa 17 3 m 5 . 9 = V MPa 1 . 0 1 = p MPa 7 . 0 2 = p T R V p p T R V p T R V p m g 1 2 g 1 g 2 ) ( = = () 3 1 2 g m 57
7、1 . 0 7 . 0 1 . 0 5 . 9 ) ( = = = = p p p V p T R m V b b min 285 2 . 0 57 = = 0.1 MPa 20 0.3 MPa 60 80 m 3 8 m 3 Mpa 1 . 0 1 = p K 293 1 = T MPa 3 . 0 2 = p K 333 2max = T max 2 g 2 2max g 2 2 2 80 T R p T R V p m = = 1 g 1 1 g 1 1 1 8 T R p T R V p m = = 4 . 26 333 8 1 . 0 293 80 3 . 0 8 80 1 1 ma
8、x 2 2 1 2 = = = = p T T p m m n 0.1 m 3 0.4 MPa 0.1 m 3 0.15 MPa 25 25 3 1 m 1 . 0 = V MPa 4 . 0 1 = p 3 1 m 1 . 0 = V MPa 15 . 0 1 = p T R V p T R V p m g 1 1 g 1 1 + = p 2 V m T R V V p m g 1 ) ( + = 1 1 1 1 2 1 ) ( V p V p V V p + = + p p V V 1 1 2 = 0 ) ( 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 = + + V p V p p V p p V
9、1 1 V V = 0 ) ( 1 1 1 1 2 = + + p p p p p p 0 0825 . 0 15 . 0 1 2 = + p p p MPa 222 . 0 = p 3 2 m 148 . 0 = V 2 V 2 V p 1 1 1 1 g 2 2 ) ( V p V p T R m V V p + = = + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) ( V p V p p p V p p V p + = + 06 . 0 ) 15 . 0 1 4 . 0 1 ( 1 . 0 ) 15 . 0 4 . 0 ( 1 . 0 ) ( 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 = + + =
10、 + + = p V p V V p V p p Mpa 245 . 0 = p 3 1 1 1 m 0613 . 0 = = p p V V 3 2 2 2 m 163 . 0 = = p p V V 0.05 kg 0.1 MPa 0.5 MPa 50 1 2 g 2 1 g 2 1 2 1 ln d d V V T mR V V T mR V p W = = = 2 2 1 1 V p V p = 2 1 1 2 p p V V = J 10 71 . 7 5 . 0 1 . 0 ln 323 8 . 296 05 . 0 ln 3 2 1 g 2 1 = = = p p T mR W
11、2 m 3 0.9 atm J 10 82 . 1 2 325 101 9 . 0 ) ( 5 1 2 2 1 = = = V V p W b p p 1 n v n v 1 w 1 2 1 1 n (p 1 v 1 p 2 v 2 ) ( 1 1 d d 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 n n n n n v v v p n v v v p v p w = = = n n v p v p 1 1 2 2 = ) ( 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 v p v p n w = CO 2 0.25 MPa 200 100 p p 1 2 . 1 v 2 . 1 1 v )
12、 ( 1 1 ) ( 1 1 2 1 g 2 2 1 1 2 1 T T R n v p v p n w = = kg kJ 45 . 94 ) 373 473 ( 9 188 . 0 1 2 . 1 1 = = 0.1 m 3 0.3 m 3 04 . 0 24 . 0 3 m MPa + = V p 1 2 1 000 N 0.2 m 2 04 . 0 24 . 0 3 m MPa + = V p Pa 10 ) 04 . 0 24 . 0 ( 6 + = V p + = = 2 1 6 2 1 2 1 d ) 04 . 0 24 . 0 ( 10 d V V v p w J 10 76
13、. 1 04 . 0 2 24 . 0 10 4 3 . 0 1 . 0 2 6 = + = V V J 0 100 ) 1 . 0 3 . 0 ( 2 . 0 0 100 ) ( 1 2 = = = V V p W J 10 66 . 1 0 100 00 176 4 2 1 = = = W W W 0.1 MPa 0.3 m 3 10% 0.15 MPa 1 p v 2 3 3 1 m 3 . 0 = V 3 2 m 33 . 0 % 10 3 . 0 3 . 0 = + = V Mpa 1 . 0 1 = p Mpa 15 . 0 2 = p V k p d d = c V k p +
14、= 3 1 2 1 2 m MPa 3 5 3 . 0 33 . 0 1 . 0 15 . 0 = = = V V p p k 1 1 V k p c = 3 . 0 3 5 1 . 0 = MPa 4 . 0 = Pa 10 4 . 0 10 3 5 MPa 4 . 0 3 5 6 6 = = V V p p v p J 10 75 . 3 MJ 00375 . 0 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( ) 1 . 0 15 . 0 ( 2 1 3 2 1 = = + = W J 10 75 . 3 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( 10 4 . 0 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( 10 3
15、5 2 1 d ) 10 4 . 0 10 3 5 ( d 3 6 2 2 6 2 1 2 1 6 6 2 1 = = = = V V V p W p 12a J 750 10 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( ) 1 . 0 15 . 0 ( 2 1 6 = = W Pa 10 5 . 0 10 3 5 6 6 = = V p p p b J 750 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( 10 5 . 0 ) 3 . 0 33 . 0 ( 10 3 5 2 1 d ) 10 5 . 0 10 3 5 ( d 6 2 2 6 2 1 2 1 6 6 = = = = V V V p W ( ) T
16、R b v p g = b v b v T R b v b v T R v b v T R v p w = = = = 1 2 g 2 1 g 2 1 g 2 1 2 1 ln ) d( d d T R pv g = 0 = b 1 2 g 2 1 ln v v T R w = 1 2 g 1 2 g 2 1 2 1 ln ln v v T R b v b v T R w w = 1 2 g 2 1 1 2 g 1 1 ln ) ln( v b v b T R v v b v b v T R = = 1 2 v v 1 2 1 1 v b v b 0 2 1 2 1 w w 2 1 2 1 w
17、 w 1 2 v v 1 2 1 1 v b v b 0 2 1 2 1 w w 2 1 2 1 w w 1 17 0.02 m 2 5 000 N 300 mm 10 N/mm 0.3 MPa x A p F G F F b + + = = b e p p p + = b p pA F 02 . 0 6000 + = = N 1000 02 . 0 5000 02 . 0 6000 = + = = b b b p p A p G F F m N 10 1 mm N 10 4 = = K 0.3 - m 1 . 0 x K F l = = = m 4 . 0 1 . 0 3 . 0 = + =
18、 x W W = x G l K x A p W W V p W b G b + = + + = 2 2 1 J 6 . 2860 4 . 0 5000 1 . 0 10 1 2 1 4 . 0 02 . 0 101325 . 0 2 4 = = J 6 . 2860 = = W W + + + = ) m 4 . 0 m 3 . 0 ( ) 3 . 0 ( 250000 ) m 3 . 0 0 ( 250000 x A x K p x p p b b + = = = 4 . 0 3 . 0 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 2 1 d d d d x pA x pA x pA V p W J
19、6 . 2860 50 6 . 2810 ) 3 . 0 ( 2 1 4 . 0 ) 250000 ( d ) 3 . 0 ( ) 250000 ( d ) 250000 ( 4 . 0 3 . 0 2 4 . 0 3 . 0 3 . 0 0 = + = + + = + + + + = x K A p x x K A p x A p b b b J 50 1 . 0 10 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 2 = = = l K W 1.1 h 37.5 L 64 kW 44 000 kJ/kg 0.75 g/cm 3 37.5 L= 3 3 cm 10 5 . 37 kg 13 . 28 10 7
20、5 . 0 10 37.5 3 3 = = m kJ 10 238 . 1 00 440 13 . 28 6 1 = = Q 1.1 kJ/h 10 53 . 2 0 360 64 5 0 = = W kJ 10 84 . 9 10 53 . 2 10 238 . 1 5 5 6 2 = = Q 11 600 kg 3 800 kW 1 450 kg 30 000 kJ/kg 2 550 kJ/kg 1 2 kJ/h 10 435 00 300 0 145 5 1 = = Q kJ/h 10 8 . 295 0 255 00 116 5 2 = = Q 5 5 2 1 g 10 8 . 295 10 435 = = Q Q Q kJ/h 10 392 . 1 7 = kJ/h 10 8 . 136 3600 3800 5 0 = = W
