1、Unit 6,Content,Warming-up,Writing,Text A,Text B,1. Watch a video clip about popping the question:,Watching & Discussing,2. Do you know any other romantic ways to pop the question? Which kind of wedding do you prefer, western one or traditional Chinese one? Discuss with your partners.,3. Watch the fo
2、llowing pictures about romantic way of popping the question.,FROM POPPING THE QUESTION TO POPPING THE PILLMargaret Mead,Text A,ReadingText A,Text Study,Main Idea & Structure,Text Translation,Main Idea,First reading: Scan the text and try to catch the main idea. The following words are for your refer
3、ence to organize the idea:attitude changes courtship marriage World War I the fifties the sixties the seventies today,For your reference,Second reading: read the passage again and try to identify the structure of this passage.,For your reference,This article is about the changes in peoples attitude
4、toward courtship and marriage, form the time before World War I to the time immediately after it, the fifties, the sixties, the seventies and today.,Main Idea,Structure,Para. 9-10,Para. 1-6,Para. 11,Introduction:The tradition of courtship: the definition of it, the rules that governed it, the proces
5、s and the significance of the goal of itmarriage.,Main Idea:The changes of peoples attitude toward love and marriage in the sixties and the cause for that change.,Main Idea:The changes of family pattern in the seventies and the concept of “open marriage” and “group marriage” came into being.,Para. 7
6、-8,Main Idea:The changes in relationship between the different sexes since WWI. And the prevalent view was that love was less important than marriage.,Para. 12-15,Main Idea:The basic features of peoples attitude toward courtship and marriage today.,Text Study,1 There have been major changes in attit
7、udes toward courtship and marriage among those middle-class, educated Americans who are celebrated in the media and who are style setters for American life. Courtship was once a regular part of American life; it was a long period, sometimes lasting for many years, and also a tentative one, during wh
8、ich a future husband or wife could still turn back but during which their relationship became more and more exclusive and socially recognized. Courtship both preceded the announcement of an engagement and followed the announcement, although a broken engagement was so serious that it could be expecte
9、d to throw the girl into a depression from which she might never recover.2 There were definite rules governing the courtship period, from the “bundling” permitted in early New England days, when young couples slept side by side with all their clothes,Para. 1-2,Audio,Paras. 2-3,on, to strict etiquett
10、e that prescribed what sort of gifts a where expensive presents were customary. Gifts had to be either immediately consumable, like candy or flowers, or indestructible, like diamondswhich could be given back, their value unimpaired, if there was a rift in the relationship. Objects that could be dama
11、ged by use, like gloves and furs, were forbidden. A gentleman might call for a lady in a cab or in his own equipage, but it was regarded as inappropriate for him to pay for her train fare if they went on a journey.3 How much chaperoning was necessary, and how much privacy the courting couple was all
12、owed, was a matter of varying local custom. Long walks home through country lanes after church and sitting up in the parlor after their elders had retired for the night may have been permitted, but the bride was expected to be a virgin at marriage. The,Paras. 3-4,procedure for breaking off an engage
13、ment, which included the return of letters and photographs, was a symbolic way of stating that an unconsummated relationship could still be erased from social memory. 4 The wedding day was the highest point in a girls lifea day to which she looked forward all her unmarried days and to which she look
14、ed back for the rest of her life. The splendor of her wedding, the elegance of dress and veil, the cutting of the cake, the departure amid a shower of rice and confetti, gave her an accolade of which no subsequent event could completely rob her. Today people over 50 years of age still treat their da
15、ughters wedding this way, prominently displaying the photographs of the occasion. Until very recently, all brides books prescribed exactly the same ritual they had prescribed 50 years before. The etiquette governing wedding presentsgifts that were or,Paras. 4-6,were not appropriate, the brides maide
16、n initials on her linenwas also specified. For the bridegroom the wedding represented the end of his free, bachelor days, and the bachelor dinner the night before the wedding symbolized this loss of freedom. A woman who did not marryeven if she had the alibi of a fianc who had been killed in war or
17、had abilities and charm and money of her ownwas always at a social disadvantage, while an eligible bachelor was sought after by hostess after hostess.5 Courtship ended at the altar, as the bride waited anxiously for the bridegroom who might not appear or might have forgotten the ring. Suppliant gall
18、antry was replaced overnight by a reversal of roles, the wife now becoming the one who read her husbands every frown with anxiety lest she displease him. 6 This set of rituals established a rhythm between the,Paras. 6-7,future husband and wife and between the two sets of parents who would later beco
19、me co-grandparents. It was an opportunity for mistakes to be corrected; and if the parents could not be won over, there was, as a last resort, elopement, in which the young couple proclaimed their desperate attraction to each other by flouting parental blessing. Each part of the system could be test
20、ed out for a marriage that was expected to last for life. We have very different ways today.7 Since World War I, changes in relationships between the sexes have been occurring with bewildering speed. The automobile presented a challenge to chaperonage that American adults met by default. From then o
21、n, except in ceremonial and symbolic ways, chaperonage disappeared, and a style of premarital relationship was set up in which the onus was put on the girl to refuse inappropriate,Para. 7,requests, while each young man declared his suitability by asking for favors that he did not expect to receive.
22、The disappearance of chaperonage was facilitated by the greater freedom of middle-aged women who began to envy their daughters freedom, which they had never had. Social forms went through a whole series of rapid changes: The dance with formal partners and programs gave way to occasions in which moth
23、ers, or daughters, invited many more young men than girls, and the popular girl hardly circled the dance floor twice in the same mans arms. Dating replaced courtshipnot as a prelude to anything but rather as a way of demonstrating popularity. Long engagements became increasingly unfashionable, and a
24、 series of more tentative commitments became more popular. As college education became the norm for millions of young people, “pinning” became a common stage,Paras. 7-8,before engagement. The ring was likely to appear just before the wedding day. And during the 1950s more and more brides got married
25、 while pregnantbut they still wore the long white veil, which was a symbol of virginity. 8 In this conservative, security-minded decade love became less important than marriage, and lovers almost disappeared from parks and riverbanks as young people threatened each other: “Either you marry me now, o
26、r Ill marry someone else.” Courtship and dating were embraced by young people in lower grades in school, until children totally unready for sex were enmeshed by the rituals of pairing off. Marriage became a necessity for everyone, for boys as well as for girls: Mothers worried if their sons preferre
27、d electronic equipment or chess to girls and pushed their daughters relentlessly into marriage. who felt their marriages were failing began to worry about whether they,Paras. 8-9,ought to get a divorce, divorce becoming a duty to an unfulfilled husband or to children exposed to an unhappy marriage.
28、Remarriage was expected, until finally, with men dying earlier than women there were no men left to marry. The United States became the most married country in the world. Children, your own or adopted, were just as essential, and the suburban life-styleeach nuclear family isolated in its own home, w
29、ith several children, a station wagon and a country-club membershipbecame the admired life-style, displayed in magazines for the whole world to see.9 By the early sixties there were signs of change. We discovered we were running out of educated labor and Divorce became more and more prevalent, and p
30、eople under the heading of self-fulfillment educated married women were being tempted back into the labor market.,Paras. 9-10,Young people began to advocate frankness and honesty, rebelling against the extreme hypocrisy of the 1950s, when religious and educational institutions alike connived to prod
31、uce pregnancies that would lead to marriage. Love as an absorbing feeling for another person was rediscovered, as marriage as a goal for every girl and boy receded into the background. 10 A series of worldwide political and ecological events facilitated these changes. Freedom for women accompanied a
32、gitation for freedom for blacks, for other minorities, for the Third World, for youth, for gay people. Zero-population growth became a goal, and it was no longer unfashionable to admit one who did not plan to have children, or perhaps even to marry. The marriage age rose a little, the number of chil
33、dren fell a little. The enjoyment of pornography and use of obscenity became,the self-imposed obligation of the emancipated women. Affirmative action catapulted many unprepared women into executive positions. Men, weary of the large families of the 50s, began to desert them; young mothers, frightene
34、d by the prospect of being deserted, pulled up stakes and left their suburban split-levels to try to make it in the cities. “Arrangements”, or public cohabitation of young people with approval and support from their families, college deans and employers, became common. 11 By the early 1970s the doom
35、sters were proclaiming that the family was dead. There were over 8,000,000 single-parent households, most of them headed by poorly paid women. There were endless discussions of “open marriages”, “group marriages”, communes in which the children were children of the group, and open discussion of prev
36、iously taboo subjects, including an emphasis on,Paras. 10-11,female sexuality. Yet most Americans continued to live as they always had, with girls still hoping for a permanent marriage and viewing “arrangements” as stepping-stones to marriage. The much-publicized behavior of small but conspicuous gr
37、oups filtered through the layers of society, so that the freedoms claimed by college youth were being claimed five years later by blue-collar youth; “swinging” (mate swapping) as a pastime of a bored upper middle-class filtered down.12 Perhaps the most striking change of all is that courtship is no
38、longer a prelude to consummation. In many levels of contemporary society, sex relations require no prelude at all; the courtship that exists today tends to occur between a casual sex encounter and a later attempt by either the man or the woman to turn it into a permanent relationship. Courtship is a
39、lso seen as an act in which,Paras. 11-12,either sex can take the lead. Women are felt to have an alternative to marriage, as once they had in the Middle Ages, when convent life was the choice of a large part of the population. Weddings are less conventional. There is also a growing rebellion against
40、 the kind of town planning and housing that isolate young couples from the help of older people and friends that they need.13 But the family is not dead. It is going through stormy times, and millions of children are paying the penalty of current disorganization, experimentation and discontent. In t
41、he process, the adults who should never marry are sorting themselves out. Marriage and parenthood are being viewed as a vocation rather than as the duty of every human being. As we seek more human forms of existence, the next question may well be how to protect our young people from a premature, per
42、vasive insistence,Paras. 12-13,upon precocious sexuality, sexuality that contains neither love nor delight. 14 The birthrate is going up a little; women are having just as many babies as before but having them later. The rights of fathers are being discovered and placed beside the rights of mothers.
43、 Exploitive and commercialized abortion mills are being questioned, and the Pill is proving less a panacea than was hoped. In a world troubled by economic and political instability, unemployment, hijacking, kidnapping, and bombs, the preoccupation with private decisions is shifting to concern about
44、the whole of humankind.15 Active concern for the world permits either celibacy or marriage, but continuous preoccupation with sex leaves no time for anything else. As we used to say in the 20s, promiscuity, like free verse, is lacking in structure.,Paras. 13-15,Sentence Analysis,1. (Para. 1, Line 7-
45、9) during which a future husband or wife could still turn back but during which their relationship became more and more exclusive and socially recognized.turn back: stop the relationship; return to the way one has come exclusive: adj. reserved for or limited to the person or group concerned Paraphra
46、se:译文：,在这过程中男女双方都可以改变原来的态度，拒绝对方的爱。当然有许多人之间的关系可能越来越密切，也逐渐地为社会所认可。,in this period the future husband or wife could decide to end their relationship if they thought it not adequate to stay together, but normally their relationship was closer and closer, they could decide to get married.,2. (Para. 2, Li
47、ne 7) A gentleman might call for a lady in a cab or in his own equipage. call for: require, demand or need sth. e.g. We should call for economy.equipage: n. a horse-drawn carriage with attendants 带有随从人员的马车Paraphrase:译文：,男方可以用出租车或者马车去接女方,A gentleman might invite a lady out in a cab or in his own equi
48、page.,3. (Para. 4, Line 2-4) The splendor of her wedding, the elegance of dress and veil, the cutting of the cake, the departure amid a shower of rice and confetti, gave her an accolade of which no subsequent event could completely rob her. splendor: adj. magnificent appearance or display; grandeur
49、辉煌华丽的表面或陈设；壮观amid: prep. surrounded by; in the middle of 被包围；在中间confetti : n. (旧时狂欢节或庆祝场合抛撒的)糖果, (婚礼、狂欢节中抛撒的)五彩纸屑accolade: n. an expression of approval; praise 赞赏；赞美,“of which no subsequent event could completely rob her”: no subsequent event could completely rob her of the accoladerob sb. of sth.: prevent sb. having sth. needed or deserved e.g. The noisy neighbours robbed him of his sleep.Paraphrase:译文：,
