1、Unit 4 Learning efficiently一、核心单词用法例析1. efficient a. 生效的、效率高的；有能力的Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run.我们高效率的新机器运行成本底多了。注意：effective a. 有力的、给人以深刻印象的Well take some effective measures to stop their polluting the environment.我们将要采取有效的措施制止他们对环境的污染。2. recipe n. 处方、食谱、诀窍I am unable to cook b
2、ut sometimes I can prepare a simple meal by following a recipe.我不会做饭，但是有时候我可以按照食谱做一点便餐。Would you please tell us your recipe for success?跟我们说说你成功的窍门好吗？3. improve vt. he isnt straight.他是一个不正直的警察。My son has a bent for painting.我儿子爱好绘画。10. tend vt. you must find out for yourself.我不会告诉你的；你要自己去找。8. such a
3、s 像。 。 。 。 。 。这种的、诸如。 。 。 。 。 。之类的、例如Such girls as he knew were teachers.像他所认识的这些女孩是老师。Books of reference, such as dictionaries and handbooks, sell well nowadays.参考书，比如词典、手册之类的， 现在很畅销。9. the same () as 和。 。 。 。 。 。一样The 2 brothers look the same as each other.那兄弟俩长得一模一样。注意：也有 the same that结构，但是两者的意思有
4、区别。比如：Tom is wearing the same coat that his father did last winter. 汤姆穿着他爸爸去年冬天穿过的袄子。 （同一件）10. apply to 应用于。 。 。 。 。 。 、向。 。 。 。 。 。提出。 。 。 。 。 。We should apply the theory to practice.我们要把理论应用于实际。Im applying myself to compiling this handbook during these days.最近我在致力于这本手册的编写。11. up to 从事于、胜任、轮到、该由、直到
5、What are you up to here?你在这里要干什么？Im not up to this job.我不能胜任这项工作。Its up to you to decide when we shall start. 何时动身由你决定。This kind of single-lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.这种单肺鱼离开水面能生存多达小时。12. the way 用这样的方法、从。 。 。 。 。 。样子看来He doesnt speak the way I do.他讲话的方式和我的不一样。The way you wor
6、k, you must be a master carpenter.看你干活的样子，你一定是个技术熟练的木匠师傅。13. keep in mind 记住He promised to keep my wishes in mind.他承诺要记住我的愿望。14. in a way 某中程度上、在某一点上This has been well done in a way.从某方面讲，这件工作做得很好了。15. set up 建起、支起、组建、供给、恢复健康Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escape prisoner.警察设置路障抓捕逃
7、犯。We are well set up for the apples.这些苹果能供我们吃一段时间了。He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。16. make sense 讲得通，有意义；make sense of 弄懂。 。 。 。 。 。的意思This sentence doesnt make sense.这个句子讲不通。I cant make sense of this email.我看不懂这封信的意思。17. be similar to 与。 。 。 。 。 。相似Our opi
8、nions are similar to theirs.我们的意见和他们的相似。18. as long as 只要。 。 。 。 。 。 。 （注意：as long as 的语气比 if 重）You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.你可以出去，只要你答应十一点钟之前回来。19. relate to 与。 。 。 。 。 。有关（关系良好）She doesnt relate very well to her mother.她与她母亲的关系不好。20. Some others and some few .
9、一些。 。 。其他的。 。 。 ，还有一些。 。 。这是很有用途的句型，常被用来叙述一个整体里不同的分类情况。比如：Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书只须浅尝，有些书可以吞咽（囫囵吞枣） ，只有少数须要咀嚼、慢慢地消化。We have 40 students in our class. Some are from the local city, others from the countryside and a few from other
10、 provinces.我们班有人。一些是本市的， （另）一些是乡下的，还有少数来自外省。21. prefer to rather than宁可。 。 。而不愿。 。 。I prefer to be shown what to do rather than be told.我宁愿人家做给我看，而不愿要别人跟我说如何如何去做。They prefer to listen to explanations or instructions rather than read them.他们宁愿听（别人）解释或指示，也不去读。22. too to do sth 太。 。 。以至不能。 。 。Its never
11、 too late to learn.活到老学到老（永远也不会太迟了以至不能学习） 。23. I wish I were doing as well in my English class.我希望在英语课堂上做的同样好。wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 （参见本单元“语法知识归纳”）24. Can you figure out ?你能领会到算出来 ？Can you figure out the meaning of unknown words from the context?你能从上下文中断定生词的意思吗？三、课文长句难点剖析1. It is the same with reading.
12、 剖析：句子中 It is the same with 是“ 。 。 。也如此”的意思，相当于 So it is with句型。用于前面描述的是“两中或两种以上”的不同情况，这些情况对于后者来说也如此。比如：Tom is very weak and lazy.汤姆非常虚弱也很懒。So it is with his wife./It is the same with his wife.他的妻子也如此。译文：阅读也如此。2. One way to test whether a text is at the right level is to read the first page.剖析：动词不定式
13、短语作定语修饰 way；该不定式短语里含有一个宾语从句。译文：检测一篇课文是否适合（阅读）的方法就是先读第一页。3. If the percentage of new words is higher than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.剖析：句子中 and 是连词、so 是副词，连词 and 可以表示“因果”关系，所以，该句中没有 so 也是正确的。这不是倒装句。译文：如果生词超过，你们会觉得课文难读，因此，也许欣赏不了。 4. That way you
14、would be practicing reading in English as well as studying biology.剖析：句中 as well as 是固定短语，意思是：也、又。比如：This boy is lively as well as healthy. 译文：这样子，你们既训练了英语阅读又学习了生物。5. but I still get only about 20 out of 40 correct in the test.剖析：句子中 out of 是“从。 。 。里面” 的意思。该短语还有“在。 。 。外、离开、出于由于、缺乏、越出。 。 。之外”等意思。 （参见
15、：第三单元 “关键短语详解”第条）His coat was made out of his fathers.他的袄子是用他父亲的袄子改制成的。译文：可是在测试中，四十个单词我仍然只能正确地写出个左右。6. I would rather rely on a written list than on my memory.剖析：句子中 rely on 是“ 依仗、信赖、对。 。 。有信心 ”意思。比如：You may rely on it that she wont be late.你们可以放心，她不会 迟到的。译文：（我去买东西的时候， ）我宁可依赖写下来的条子也不用大脑记东西。7. I tend
16、 to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.剖析：句子中 tend to do是“有。 。 。趋势、倾向”的意思。译文：在阅读或做听力的时候，我有一种倾向，好像在脑子里看到一幅一幅的图画。8. I usually remember peoples faces but I am often vague about their names.剖析：be vague about 是“对。 。 。模糊” 意思。比如：Im vague about what she said at the meeting yesterday.我记不清
17、她昨天在会上讲了些什么。译文：我通常能记住人们的面容，但是却常常忘记他们的名字。四、语法知识归纳梳理虚拟语气中学生要掌握“虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 ”、 “虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用”、“虚拟语气在表达愿望、主张 等从句中的使用”和“虚拟语气在特殊结构中的使用”等。这些是进一步学习英语的重要基础。现分述如下：1.虚拟条件是指讲话人认为无法实现、不可能存在的条件。在考题中，出题人会将虚拟条件转成其他的“事实” 陈述，而不以 if-clause 的形式出现。）与现在事实不符的虚拟条件句If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should
18、 help us.张教授现在如果在这里，他就能就会也许应该帮助我们。 （四个情态动词各表达讲话人不同的讲话态度，要注意选择使用。 ）与过去事实不符的虚拟条件句If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天，你如果参加了会议，就应该知道会议上讨论了什么。Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.汤姆要是早点儿遇到了我，我也许把这件事告诉过他了。 （省略 if 就要将谓语部分的动词调到句首）真题：1
19、. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：这是混合时态、混合语气的主从复合句。主句 is hard 是陈述语气；宾语从句里的主句谓语 would be doing 是“与现在事实不符”的虚拟语
20、气；if 引导的条件句谓语应该要是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气，因为 at the age of seven是明确的时间状语。故选 B。2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析：时间状语 just now 和过去时态连用，因此这是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气。故选 C。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (2001 上海)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：从逻辑的角度看，转折副词 otherwise 后面总是要接虚拟语气。该句中
