1、甲状腺疾病 (The disease of the thyroid),Thyroid,VIP endocrineglandgland 喉结下23cm,3、4 tracheal cartilage前 H型,棕红色, 2030g 左右两叶 + 峡部 叶宽2cm,高45cm;峡宽、高2cm 吞咽时,Thyroid,Thyroid,50150ug I /d 腺体I总量:8000ug 调节: 自身调节 Woffchaikoff效应 KIT3、T4,Thyroid,Thyroxine: 促进人体发育 促进protein、carbohydrate、fat分解 增强组织氧耗 T3 10% T4 90%,Sim
2、ple goiter,Etiology: Iodine-defciency 相对 / 绝对Thyroxine 合成 / 分泌障碍Hyperiodine Endemic Diffuse Nodular ,Simple goiter,Clinical feature: BMR thyroid enlargement + nodule dyspnea / dysphagia secondary hyperthyroidism / malignant transformation,Simple goiter,Diagnosis: Medical history: PE 131I / 99mTc BUS
3、 FNA,Simple goiter,Therapy: Iodine-defciency / pregnancy:kelp(土壤缺碘!) Diffuse (20y): 甲状腺素片:3060mg Bid 36m 优甲乐: 50100ug Qd 50ug/34w 36m Operation:,Simple goiter,Operation: 压迫症状: 胸骨后:substernal goiter 巨大: Secondary hyperthyroidism Malignant transformation ?,Hyperthyroidism,甲亢: Primary :Graves病 8590% 突眼
4、(+) Secondary :突眼() Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma:突眼(),Hyperthyroidism,Primary (exophthalmic goiter): 2040y 突眼是一种自免疾病 球后纤维、脂肪增生, 淋巴细胞浸润、亲水性粘多糖 透明质酸沉积 伴发:型DM,肌无力,RA,Primary hyperthyroidism,Etiology: Autoimmune disease:HLA-DRS Ag(滤泡壁细胞膜TSHR):*LATS、TSI、LATS-P、HTS、TR-Ab,Primary hyperthyroidism,Clinic
5、al feature: Diffuse irritable、hand tremor、hidrosis、bulimia、emaciation、rapid pulse,Primary hyperthyroidism,Diagnosis1: BMR:(PR + PP)111 N:10% Mild: 2030% Moderate: 3060% Severe: 60%,Primary hyperthyroidism,Diagnosis2: thyroid iodine uptake:131I 2h: 25% 24h:50% + 峰值提前 和程度无关!,Primary hyperthyroidism,Di
6、agnosis3: Five of the thyroid function:T3、T4、fT3、fT4、TSH,Primary hyperthyroidism,Therapy: 131I:2mm,78%,易甲低 Pharmacotherapy:5060%(P)、33%(S) Operation:cure rate 95%,Primary hyperthyroidism,Operation: subtotal thyroidectomy Indication Secondary 、Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma Moderate 较大、压迫、胸骨后 补救 妊娠
7、早、中期,Primary hyperthyroidism,Operation: Preoperotive preparation: Examination:Neck radiography、laryngoscopy、BMR、Ca+ Rapid heart rate:心得安 10mg Tid Drug: Antithyroid drugs 24m + Iodine 2w (Lugols solution) 心得安:P不著者,哮喘禁用,Primary hyperthyroidism,Operation: 全麻 superior laryngeal nerve recurrent laryngeal
8、 nerve parathyroid glands,Primary hyperthyroidism,Operation: Post-operative care: 床旁备气切包 切口压冰袋 voice drainage,Primary hyperthyroidism,Surical complications: Dyspnea、asphyxia:48h Recurrent/superior laryngeal nerve injury: Parathyroid glands injury:48h Thyroid crisis: 1236h Hypothyroidism: 550% Recurr
9、ence: 15%,tetany,Thyroiditis,Subacute thyroiditis(De Quervain): infection of the upper respiratory tract:前驱期有肌痛 12w v破坏滤泡 + 巨细胞性肉芽肿 甲状腺痛及压痛,向下颌及耳部放散 3040y T,ESR BMR,131I 激素+甲状腺素,Thyroiditis,Chronic lymphocytic thyoiditis(Hashimotos): Autoimmune disease + hypothyroidism 淋巴cell浸润、滤泡 包膜内病变,无粘连、压迫 腺体质硬,
10、平滑,椎体叶大 BMR,131I 甲状腺素,Thyroid adenoma,Pathological type:follicular / papillary capsule Clinical feature:单发、包膜 Differential diagnosis: Therapy(甲亢20%,恶变10%): 单纯(楔形)切除 大部切除,Thyroid carcinoma,Pathological type:FNA Papillary :70% 40y(儿童100%) Follicular :15% 50y 包膜不完整 Anaplastic :510% 60y 小细胞/巨细胞型 Medulla
11、ry :C细胞CT 15%家族史 Clinical feature: Clinical stages: 45y,分化型,Thyroid carcinoma,Therapy:甲状腺 + 颈部淋巴结 Low-risk group: 腺叶 + 峡部 High-risk group: 患侧全+对侧次全 预防性颈淋巴结清扫:不推荐 内分泌:甲状腺素 131I:术后 Radiotherapy:anaplastic ,Thyroid nodule,4% Medical history: PE: ECT:热结节恶变率4%,温结节9% BUS:实性结节20%,囊性23%,囊实性12% FNA:6次,注意假阴性!,谢谢!,