1、Unit 1 Great scientists【导语】 史蒂芬威廉霍金，英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论学家，被称为“在世的最伟大的科学家” ，还被称为“宇宙之王” 。Hawking Stephen William(1942 )，British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the nature of space and time，including irregularities in space and time known as
2、 singularities.Hawking has also devoted much of his life to making his theories accessible to the public through lectures，books and films.Hawking was born in Oxford，England，and he showed exceptional talent in mathematics and physics from an early age.He entered Oxford University in 1958 and became e
3、specially interested in Thermodynamics (the study of the interaction of matter and energy)，Relativity Theory，and Quantum Mechanics(see Quantum Theory)In 1961 he attended a summer course at the Royal Observatory that encouraged these interests.He completed his undergraduate courses in 1962 and receiv
4、ed a bachelors degree in physics.Hawking then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge.Hawking earned his Ph D degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge in 1966.He stayed at t
5、he University of Cambridge，doing post-doctoral research，until he became a professor of physics in 1977.He became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Society in 1974.In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.【词海拾贝】1irregularity n不规则的事物；不整齐的事物2singularity n异常；奇怪3acce
6、ssible adj.易接近的；容易理解的4exceptional adj.罕见的，特殊的；卓越的5thermodynamics n热力学【问题思考】1What is Hawkings main field of research? (no more than 8 words)_答案：The nature of space and time.2How does Hawking have his theory made known to the public？(no more than 6 words)_答案：Through lectures，books and films.为单词选择正确的释义
7、1suspect A 向挑战2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C责备；谴责4blame D认为；怀疑5announce E结束；推断出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；谨慎的8cautious H捐献；贡献答案：1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.F 7.H 8.G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_n特征；特性2_vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗4_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5_vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic 2.defeat 3.cure 4.absorb5fores
8、ee.根据英语释义写出单词1_：to be present at an event2_： to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_： to make a connection between two or more things or people4_： to make something dirty5_： the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend 2.suspect 3.li
9、nk 4.pollute 5.handle.选用短语的适当形式填空put forward； link.to.；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from； lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in； make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.答案：put forward2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper.答案：expose to3The students sat in the
10、classroom and _ reading English.答案：were absorbed in4We consider that you _ for the accident.答案：are to blame5They _ from the fact at last.答案：drew a conclusion6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.答案：link to7 “Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on， ”the teacher said to Tom.答案：be
11、strict with8_ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.答案：Apart from9What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it.答案：make sense10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：lead to.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attende
12、d Queen Victoria as her personal physician._答案：约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._答案：人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._答案：每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4A woman，who had moved away from Broad St
13、reet，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。John Snow defeats “King Cholera”课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found.(T)2The first theory suggested
14、 that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.(F)3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.(F)4The people who had been given free been and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease.(T).根据课文内容回答问题1Why couldnt the chol
15、era be under control at first?_答案：Because neither its cause nor its cure was found.2When the cause was found，what did the people do?_答案：They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.3Whats the extra evidence?_答案：In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad
16、 Street outbreak.根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整(每空一词)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”About choleraIt was a 1._ disease of its day. People didnt know its cause or its 2._. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak.Two theoriesCholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas. Cholera was 3._ into p
17、eoples bodies with their meals.The course of finding evidenceAs the disease spread quickly through poor 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather information. He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two particular streets. After further investigations he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._.Wh
18、en people didnt use the 7._ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs.8._ to prevent cholera from happeningJohn Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were 10._ not to expose people to polluted water any more.答案
19、：1.deadly 2.cure 3.absorbed 4.neighbourhoods5severe/serious 6.blame 7.polluted8Measures/Steps 9.source 10.instructed课文深层理解.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意1Para 1 AOffering solutions2Para 2 BWhat caused cholera3Para 3 CProvide two control theories4Para 4 DCollect information5Para 5 ECollect results6Para 6 FAnalyze th
20、e result7Para 7 GFind supporting evidence答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.F 6.G 7.A.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项1The passage mainly tells us that _Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterB John Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonCthe source of all drinking water should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to
21、solve “King Cholera”答案：D2What was the key to help for John Snows discovery?AThe government.B The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map made by himself.答案：D3As last， “King Cholera” was controlled by _Ausing medicines in hospitalB driving patients out of the countryCde
22、aling with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution答案：C4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.B Polluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause w
23、as found.答案：BCopernicus Revolutionary Theory.根据课文内容选择正确的选项1What made Copernicus frightened and confused?AThe fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system.B The conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system.CThe fact that the earth runs around the sun.DThe fact that God made th
24、e world.答案：B2Why didnt Copernicus publish his theory immediately? 来源:学优高考网ABecause he didnt think it complete.B Because he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.CBecause his friends forbade him to do so.DBecause no one supported his ideas.答案：B3When did Copernicus publish his theory?AA
25、fter his death.B Before he told his friends about it.CAs he lay dying in 1543.DCopernicus theory was never published.答案：C4All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system EXCEPT that _Asome planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backwardB some planets in the sky a
26、ppeared brighter at times and less bright at othersCsome planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loopDthe sun goes around the earth答案：D5Whats the Christian Churchs attitude towards Copernicus theory?AThe Christian Church objected to Copernicus theory.来源: 学优高考网 gkstkB The Christian Church was in
27、 favor of Copernicus theory.CThe Christian Church paid much attention to the theory.DThe Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus theory.答案：A.判断正(T)误(F)来源:学优高考网 gkstk1At Copernicus time，Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.(T)2Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth，some
