1、阅读理解专题之 “七选五”解题步骤与技巧,【命题形式】共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分。 在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白， 要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项， 使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。 此题文章体裁以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰， 适合考查语篇主题句、段落主题句和衔接句等， 以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。 【考纲摘录】本节测试考生理解书面英语的能力， 主要测试以下能力：1. 确立段落主题句或者归纳段落大意的能力 2. 判断上下文语气转折的能力 3. 判断上下文语气递进的能力4. 识别上下文对应的指代关系等,THINGS THAT WE MUST KNOW:,1.考查
2、方式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的短文和7个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项。 2.考纲解读：主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 3.选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。 4.设空类型,语篇主题句 段落主题句 衔接句,二、命题规律及考查趋势：,【解题步骤】,1. 通读全文，把握整篇语脉，理出文章中心。,2. 辨别语境线索。边读边做题，重点阅读 各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。然后
3、从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。,3. 确定答案后入文复查。,解题技巧一,The scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyOur bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 So they are called “diseases of civilization“Many cancers and diseases of the blood s
4、ystem are examples of such diseases.AStone Age people lived a simple life. BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. CIn that case, they would live much healthier. DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise. EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. F People today probably don
5、t want to live like our ancestors. GModern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization“.,sicknesses,sicknesses,E,同词复现,On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the lang
6、uage,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,The following are its advantages. B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages. C.Consider a distance education. D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.,However,?,反
7、义词复现,Dont fear people_. The reason most people dont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.A. Focus on your own talents and strengths B. Never let others opinion
8、s guide your choices. C.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.,派生词复现,C,Summary: 七选五解题技巧1： 词汇复现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。 复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。,Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1)
9、Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situat
10、ion. C. Different people feel stress in different ways E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends.,可以相信的人=父母+亲戚+朋友（同范畴）,F,Summary: 七选五解题技巧2： 同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,73 They say the f
11、irst step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger,B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.,A. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.,C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.,They,A,72 .Their anger might b
12、e so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._73_E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry. G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than som
13、e other kids.,G,E,Summary: 七选五解题技巧3： 代词提示英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。,it:单数名词（同一性）或整个句子； they/them:复数名词（同一性） ； one:泛指的单数可数名词（同类性）； that:不可数名词或句子； this:单数名词或句子； these/those:前句的复数名词。,解题技巧二,B. There are three practical note-taking methods.,A. You must write your no
14、tes on separatepaper.,C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.,_ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.,C,As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. When you do be sure
15、that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time._8_ A. Use words ,not completed sentence. B. There are three pratical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. You will also want to develop
16、your own method for taking notes.,D,转折关系,Finally, you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._9_A. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.B. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre
17、 in the daydream zone.,B,因果关系,衔接句还可以从过渡性词语判断，可分为： A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。 B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well ,
18、to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。 C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等 D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等 E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /thoug
19、h ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。,Summary：过渡性词语,解题技巧一： 主题句解题技巧,若考查空为小标题或
20、段落主题句，技巧一：根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！,_1_ Telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say,“ Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?“A.If you cant remember someones name,
21、 you may tell him the truthB. Admit you dont knowC.Recite and repeat namesD.Let others help you remember their names.,B,小标题，简明,1.（2010新课标全国卷）73_When a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true intere
22、st.B.Restate the question with respect .C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.,A,段落主题句技巧二： 认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。,备考战略：,注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在原文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明
23、文和议论文。,备考战略：,注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在文章或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。,经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找“信号词“，回到选择项中筛选。经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络, 留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构,经验分享,经验四：“7选5“句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律： 选择项呈“锯齿“顺序排列， 按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G， 而我们一般做题的正确答案都是“参差不齐，错落有致”的, 看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。 这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍， 因此如果考试时间允许， 我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否“正确“。,
