1、中山市第一中学 2019 届高三年级第二次统测英语试题命题人: 审题人：本试卷共 8 页， 共 120 分 考试时长：120 分钟第一部分： 阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APlan on traveling around the USA this summer? If you need help in arranging the trip, or want ideas about where to
2、 go and what to do, there are a number of outstanding websites that can make your American dream come true.http:/byways. orgThe National Scenic Byways Program covers 150 memorable roads. Some are natural routes，such as Route 1 along the California coast. Others focus on history （such as Route 6）or m
3、an-made attractions （the Las Vegas Strip）. For each，you are provided with a map，told the routes length and how long is allowed，and given detailed suggestions on sights and stop-This is the best website for reviews of hotels in US cities and resorts. The reviews are impressively thorough，covering loc
4、ations，rooms，cleanliness，food and so on. Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest and real ones taken by inspectors. Search facilities are excellent. From the 243 hotels reviewed in the New York，you can narrow down what you are looking for by locations，facilities an
5、d styles，or just pick out a selection of the best.www. 101usaholidays.co.ukThis is the latest offering that features 101 holiday ideas to the USA. Its an impressively diverse selection，ranging from touring in the footsteps of Martin Luther King to a golfing break in Arizona and a cycling and wine-ta
6、sting trip in Californias Napa Valley. Narrow down what you are looking for 一 whether by price，region，theme and who will be traveling 一 and then just the photos of the relevant holidays remain on view. Its a really clever Walt Disney World in California can make dreams come true，but the price is not
7、 affordable for the majority of people. So turn to long established M，dedicated to giving big discounts on tickets，hotels and dining at Walt Disney World. The website also offers general money-saving tips，suggestions for cheap and free stuff and brief coverage of other Florida and California theme p
8、arks.1. If you are going to the USA for the man-made attractions，you can drive along _ .A. Route 1 B. Route 6C. the Las Vegas Strip D. the California coast2. Why are the photos of the hotels in US cities and resorts real in www. oyster. com？ _A. Because there are qualifications of the authority.B. B
9、ecause they are taken by inspectors of the website.C. Because there are comments of customers on each photo.D. Because they were taken by customers who once lived there.3. Travel ideas for a big family with kids and the old are available at _ .A. B. http:/byways.orgC. www. D. www.101usaholidays.co
10、.uk【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个帮助你去美国旅行的网站【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个网址的 Others focus on history （such as Route 6）or man-made attractions （the Las Vegas Strip）可知，the Las Vegas Strip 是 manmade 景点，故选 C。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个网址的 Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest
11、 and real ones taken by inspectors. 可知，这些照片是真实的，故选 B。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三个网址的 Its an impressively diverse selection .以及 arrow down what you are looking for 一 whether by price，region，theme and who will be traveling这个网站提供的选择较多，适合一个既有小孩又有老人的大家庭，可推断出这个网站比较合适 ，故选 D。【点睛】应用文的特点是人名，地点， 专有名词多，生词多，省略句多，词汇较偏僻，语言不
12、规范，结构不完整。应用文主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，但题目设置较容易。根据以上应用文的特点，答题时要耐心细致 ，要注意两点 当问题与原文相同时，要“对号入座”当问题与原文不同时，要同义变换、解析概念、归纳事实。本文中的第 2 小题设置的问题：Why are the photos of the hotels in US cities and resorts real in www. oyster. com？ 该小题则可根据对号入座原则，直接从原文的第二个网址的第三句话可找出答案。BCigarette ends are every
13、where - littering our streets and beaches - and for decades theyve been thought of as “unrecyclable“. But a New Jersey based company，called TerraCycle，has taken on the challenge，and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim i
14、s to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking，but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and messaging，between 2000 and 2014，global sales of cigare
15、ttes increased by 8 percent，and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water,“ TerraCycle founder，T
16、om Szaky，said. “Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food. “So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful？TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials，such as the tobacco and the paper，with othe
17、r kinds of rubbish，and use it on non-agricultural land，such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these，TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces，and then combines them with other recycled materials，making them into liquid for industrial plastic p
18、roducts.Theyre now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently cant be recycled，such as chocolate packaging，pens，and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill (垃圾填埋) ，an
19、d then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far，its working.“We havent found anything that we cant recycle，“communications director of TerraCycle，Albe Zakes，said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to ad
20、dress. “4. What does TerraCycle intend to do？ _A. Search for recyclable materials for use.B. Deal with as many cigarette ends as possible.C. Produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.D. Recycle what used to be considered unrecyclable.5. The underlined word “trash“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean
21、s _ .A. rubbish B. poisonC. disaster D. ruin6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ _A. The effective use of cigarette ends. B. The process of recycling cigarette ends.C. The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends. D. The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.7. What Albe said in the last para
22、graph implies that _ .A. there is more and more waste to be recycledB. it is difficult for TerraCycle to recycle everythingC. TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new wasteD. TerraCycle has successfully recycled a large amount of waste.【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述可新泽西一个公司回收人们认为是不
23、可回收的东西，例如烟头，并讲述了其回收利用过程，该公司表示他们还没有遇到不可回收的东西，并会继续迎接回收新垃圾的挑战。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的 Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse 可知，TerraCycle 的目的是要回收那些被人们认为不可再回收利用的东西，故选 D。【5 题详解】词义猜测题。根据该词后的 since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can su
24、rely pollute the surrounding environment. 句意：由于大多数的垃圾最终进入水道，烟头肯定会污染周围的环境。因此可推测出此处的 trash 是指垃圾的意思，故选 A。【6 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段的首句 So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful？ 那么你怎么把这些垃圾变得有用呢，可知此段讲的是烟头回收利用的过程，故选 B。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据 Albe 说的话“But with the amount and variety of
25、 packaging and litter in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to address.”可知，Terra Cycle 正试图应对心浪费的挑战，想减少浪费，故选 C。CPersuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you. According to the ancient Greeks，there are three basic tools of persuasion：ethos，pathos，and logos.Ethos is a
26、 speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy，honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all，youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist
27、 than a fireman. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person. If an audience cannot trust you，you will not be able to persuade them.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example，a politician who is trying to convince an audien
28、ce to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear，thus making them support him. Similarly，an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats，to make the viewers feel pity. If the audien
29、ce feels bad for the animals，they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts，statistics，or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive t
30、han simply saying “believe me“.Although ethos，pathos，and logos all have their strengths，they are often most effective when used together. Indeed，most speakers use a combination of ethos，pathos，and logos to persuade their audiences. So，the next time you listen to a speech，watch a commercial，or listen
31、 to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money，be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.8. Why does the author say persuasion is an art？ _A. They both entertain the audience.B. They both require great skills to achieve.C. They both demand full attention from the audienc
32、e.D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers.9. How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience？ _A. By expressing her sympathy with the audience.B. By telling the audience about her personal preference.C. By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.D. By show
33、ing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.10. What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion？ _A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.D. Political leader
34、s mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.11. An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using _ .A. ethos B. pathosC. logos D. a combination of all three【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】本文叙述的是“说服”是使某人信服你的艺术。根据古希
35、腊人的说法，有三种基本的说服方法 ethos, pathos, and logos，通常需要这三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果。【8 题详解】B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion : ethos, pathos, and logos.和最后一段第一句 Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used tog
36、ether.可知，persuasion 是需要三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果，也就是“说服”需要巨大的技巧才能达到，故选 B。【9 题详解】D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.可知，Echos 是通过解释在某一领域所获得过的教育和所积累的经验，因此选 D。【10 题详解】B 推理判断题。文章没有提到 echos 是最重要的方面，而是说三个点都很重要，需要结合在一起，所以排除
37、A 选项；C 项文中没有提到诚实是说服别人相信你的论点的关键。D 项政治领袖大多用 Pathos 来说服听众错误，因此选 B。【11 题详解】C 推理判断题。从题干 90% of the bacteria 可以看出，是通过数据分析来说服别人，根据第四段第一句Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument.可知，Logos 是用事实、数据或其他证据来证明观点，故与 90% of the bacteria 相符，故选 C。【名师点睛】做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基 础上，整合
38、与 题 目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。本题第 3 小题就是推理判断 题。 综合第二、三、四段分别讲述了 Ethos、Pathos、Logos 的定义和在说服中的作用可知，这三个方面都 对观众有不同的作用，故 B 项正确。文章没有提到 echos 是最重要的方面，而是说三个点都很重要，需要结合在一起，所以排除 A 选项；C 选项文中没有提到诚实是说服别人相信你的关键。D 项中说政治领袖大多用 Pathos 来说服听众不正确，文中只是在讲述 Pathos 的时候用 political leaders 演讲的例子，并不是 说 政治领袖大多用 Pathos 来说服听众，因此 D
39、项也错误。DLarger brain size linked to longer life in deer. The size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy later generations，according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.The study, published in the Royal Society Open Science journal, shows
40、that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving later generations than those with smaller brains. Brain size is heritable and is passed down through the generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on dat
41、a comparing seven generations of deer.Across species of mammals，brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may，for example，have greater abilities that enable them to adapt better to env
42、ironmental changes or they may have longer lifespans. But there may also be disadvantages：for instance，larger brains require more energy，so individuals that possess them may show reduced ability to give birth to young babies.The researchers，based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department an
43、d Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology，wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity (长寿) and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains. Using the
44、 skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum，they found that females with larger endocranial volumes(脑腔容量)lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.Lead author D
45、r Corina Logan，a Gates Cambridge Scholar，says，“The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known，but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow. These predi
46、ctions were generated from cross-species correlations； however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level，which is what we did. “Dr Logan adds，“We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer，and that none of the predict
47、ions were supported in male red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs(权衡，协调)with regard to brain size. “The study also showed that femalesrelative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males，despite evidence of selection for larger brains in females.Pro
48、fessor Tim Clutton Brock，who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and started the work on brain size，points out，“The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long term records of a large number of individuals across multiple generations an
49、d data of this kind are still rare in wild animals. “12. What does the new research about brain size reveal？ _A. Large-brain red deer tend to be more reproductive.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in some mammals.D. Brain size has been increasing from generation to generation.13. For different species of mammals，brain size varies w
