1、连词,连词的功能 用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。,并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： (1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。 (2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。 (3)表转折关系的but, while等。 (4)表因果关系的for, so等。,从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有： (1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until,
2、till, since, as soon as等。 (2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。 (3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。 (4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。 (6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。 (7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。 (8)引导宾语从句的that, if , whether等。,常用连词的用法辨析 （1） while, when, as,这三个连词都可引导时间状语
3、从句，但用法有所不同。 1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如： As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. 2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如： While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework. 3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如： As children get older, they become m
4、ore and more interested in things around them.,4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用as。例如： Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. She looked behind from time to time as she went 5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如： When John
5、 arrived I was cooking lunch.,（2）as, because, since , for,这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。 1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如： I stayed at home because it rained. -Why arent you going? -Because I dont want to. .,2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如： As
6、he wasnt ready, we left without him. Since I have no money, I cant buy any food. 3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如： I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.,（3）if, whether if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句一时般可互换。例如： I wonder whether (if) you still study in th
7、at school. I dont know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if： 1) 引导主语从句时。例如： Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如： The question is whether I can pass the exam. 3) 在不定式前。例如： I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.,（4）sothat, such.that 1) sothat中的
8、so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如： Im so tired that I cant walk any farther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming. 2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如： He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. I have had so many falls that I am black and bl
9、ue all over.,（5）eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。（就近原则）例如： Either you or he is wrong. Neither he nor his children like fish.Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.,（6）although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is ove
10、r sixty, but he works as hard as others.” 这个句子应改为： Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others. 或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.,（7）because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the d
11、octor. 或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.,【实例解析】,3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)-I like riding fast. Its very exciting.-Oh! You mustnt do it like that, _ it may have an accident.A. and B. or C. so D. but,答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。,4. (2004年天津市中考试题)John fell as
12、leep _ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as,答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。,【中考演练】,1. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?-I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some
13、English.A. eitheror B. not only but alsoC. neithernor D. bothor2. We didnt catch the train _ we left late.A. so B. because C. but D. though3. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much.A. if B. so C. though D. as,4. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand
14、words _ I have tested him myself.A. after B. when C. if D. until5. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. when B. until C. after D. before6. -This dress was last years style.-I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year.A. so that B. even th
15、ough C. as if D. ever since,7. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train.A. and B. so C. however D. or8. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto,9. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian?-Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday.A. as soon as B. even thoughC. rather than D. as if10. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since,THE END,
